Painting pool

Painting pool

It is a garden in the center of Chongzhou City, which is under the jurisdiction of Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China. It is one of the representative works of Western Sichuan gardens in Sichuan gardens. It is the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units. It was built in the Tang Dynasty and was originally named "Dongting". It is a government garden. In the Tang Dynasty, the river running from the northwest to the southeast of Shuzhou city was the boundary river between the back garden of Zhoupu and the folk houses. During the Five Dynasties, the city was built by mining soil, and the West Lake and the east lake formed in the city. When Zhao he was invited to visit in the Northern Song Dynasty, the East Lake was already called the painting pool. In addition to Su Fu, the grandson of Su Shi, who was appointed to Shuzhou, and the management of Lu You and other literati, the landscape pattern of the painting pool was basically established and became a scenic spot in Shuzhong. In the Ming Dynasty, the government built an additional Zhao Lu ancestral temple in the pool to commemorate Lu You and Zhao Zhen, which gradually evolved into a public memorial garden.

Most of the existing buildings are rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty. The whole garden is composed of three parts: the painting pool, the Luyou temple and the Zhou Confucian temple. It covers a total area of 34541 square meters, including 14600 square meters of water surface and 5946 square meters of building area. The pattern and buildings of the whole garden are well preserved. It is one of the few official gardens of Tang and Song dynasties that have been preserved so far in China.

With strong regional characteristics and high artistic value, it is one of the national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical origin

Painting, which means color painting. Yang Sheng'an's general record of red lead is interpreted as miscellaneous color painting. The garden was built in the Tang Dynasty and became a famous scenic spot in the Song Dynasty. When Lu You, a patriotic poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, was an official in Shuzhou, he left many poems about the beautiful scenery of the painting pool. The park covers an area of nearly 60 mu, with a pool surface of 10.6 mu. The pavilions, bridges and pavilions around the pool are simple and elegant, the mountain and stone walls are winding, the paths are secluded, the precious flowers and trees are various, and the bonsai art is famous in Western Sichuan.

It is adjacent to the other two national protection units, Luyou temple and Chongzhou Confucian temple. Chongzhou, formerly known as Shuzhou, is 25 kilometers away from Chengdu.

At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, he was Zhao gouqian, the Duke of Shu. After Zhao Gou ascended to the throne of song Gaozong, he was promoted to Chongqing army and Chongqing Prefecture according to the Convention. In the 20th year of the Yuan Dynasty, Chongqing county was replaced by Chongzhou County in the Republic of China. In 1994, Chongzhou county was replaced by Chongqing county.

World famous

He is famous for being an official of Lu You, a famous patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. Luyou ancestral hall is an academy style ancestral hall of siheyuan in Western Sichuan. There are Meiyuan, Meige, Huajing, fangwengtang, fengyuexuan and other buildings in the ancestral hall. In fangweng hall, there is a statue of Lu You, which is magnificent. There are Lu You's poems and paintings, as well as stone carvings in cursive script, such as "ten rhymes of cherishing Chengdu" and "You Jin Cun". With an oval water surface and an area of about 10 mu, it is known as the scenic spot of Shuzhou and is famous for its wide planting of plum blossoms.

Pei Di and Du Fu, who lived in Chengdu in the Tang Dynasty, came here to enjoy the plum blossom and share their poems with each other. Du Fu left the poem "seeing off the guests at the East Pavilion of Shuzhou with Pei Di and seeing off the plum blossom in the morning", which is known as "the first plum blossom chanting poem in ancient and modern times".

Zhou Confucian temple was built in the Ming Dynasty, destroyed in the war at the end of the Ming Dynasty, and rebuilt in the 16th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty.

On the central axis, there are wanshibiao memorial archway, waipanchi, Wanren palace wall, lingxingmen, neipanchi, Jimen, Dacheng hall, Qisheng hall, zunjingge, jingyiting. On both sides, there are Daoguan ancient and modern, debeitianfang, Shengyu, xianguanmen, Jinsheng, yuzhenting, Xiangxian temple, Minghuan temple, yiguansuo, liqisuo, Dongwan, Xiwan, bell tower, Drum Tower and other buildings .

Prosperous period

the tang dynasty

In the Tang Dynasty, the painting pool and its southeast area were originally the county garden of the State Department of Shuzhou (now Chongzhou). At the same time, it also had the function of post station and was called "East Pavilion". At that time, there was no lake pool here. In Tang Dynasty, the custom of Shuzhou was "extravagant and good at writing, popular and good at singing and dancing", and the East Pavilion gradually evolved into a government garden for local officials to treat guests and enjoy.

In the winter of the first year of Shangyuan (760) of Tang Dynasty, Pei Di, a poet who was the aide of Wang Jin, the governor of Shuzhou, saw off the guests and sent a poem to Du Fu. Du Fu wrote the poem "seeing off the guests with Pei Di on the East Pavilion of Shuzhou every morning plum". This is the earliest record to prove that the East Pavilion has the nature of garden.

There is a sentence in the poem "Dong Ge Guan Mei Dong Shi Xing", which not only explains the fact that Dong Ting is the garden of the official government office, but also makes the Mei Ge and Mei Yuan in the garden remain today because of Du's poems.

Song dynasty

During the Qingli period of the Northern Song Dynasty (1041-1048), Zhao Zhen (ziyuedao) came to Sichuan as the county magistrate of Jiangyuan County of Shuzhou. Yang Yu, an official of Shuzhou, invited him to visit the garden. In his poem "Shu Yangyu invited you to visit the painting pool", there are two sentences in the poem "occupy the beautiful land, and label the painting pool". It can be seen that the painting pool has become a large scale and has been named. It can be seen from the poem that the flowers and trees in the garden are colorful, which has become a beautiful scenery.

During the Zhenghe period (1111-1118) of the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Fu, the sun of Su Shi, was the governor of Shuzhou. During his tenure, he continued to build the painting pool. The painting pool had the elements of stream, spring, lake and waterfall. At the same time, the landscape architecture began to take shape, with pavilions, platforms, buildings and pavilions, becoming a government garden with a strong humanistic atmosphere.

In the spring of the ninth year of Qiandao (1173) of the Southern Song Dynasty, Lu You became the general judge of Shuzhou and lived in yizhai on the South Bank of the painting pool. During his stay in Shuzhou, Lu you wrote more than 120 poems describing the local scenery. Among them, more than 30 of the capital are related to the painting pool, and the description of the painting pool is very detailed. In his poems, Lu You mentioned the small building, Zhuge, qiazhai, Xuanfang, fangbei Pavilion, Chongge, Huachuan, Xiaoqiao and other garden buildings, as well as the plant landscape of "three thousand official willows" and "hundred mu Lake bamboo". At the same time, he also recorded the activities of catching butterflies, fishing, watching swallows, playing with fish, inserting bottles, playing crows, protecting birds, drinking wine and writing poems. Lu You is still very nostalgic for the painting pool after he left Shu. He wrote some poems about the painting pool in the east of Xiaoge. Autumn is a time of seclusion.

Ming and Qing Dynasties

In 1368, in memory of Lu You and Zhao Zhen, who were officials here, people in Shu built the temple of Zhao Lu Er Xian beside the painting pool. The plaque of "Qin, he and Mei Hua" was hung on the door of the temple. Among them, "Mei Hua" represents Lu You's integrity, and "Qin he" represents Zhao Zhen's integrity I only have a piano and a crane. Since then, the garden has been named after Lu You and Zhao Zhen. The buildings and scenic spots have been named after their allusions or poems, and gradually evolved into a public memorial garden. At the same time, in the fourth year of Hongwu, the Confucian temple complex in Chongqing Prefecture was built in the south of the painting pool. The map of fuhuachi drawn in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty

During the war in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, the painting pool was seriously damaged, only the painting pool, the road around the lake and a small number of buildings remained. In the 16th year of Shunzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty, the Confucian temple complex in Chongqing Prefecture was rebuilt, and the Zunjing pavilion was rebuilt on the platform on the South Bank of the painting pool. Since the 55th year of Emperor Qianlong (1790), the large-scale repair and extension of the garden began, and the subsequent construction work continued until the Guangxu period, when the painting Pavilion, Qin he hall and other buildings were built. In particular, sun Kaijia, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, was the governor of Chongqing Prefecture during the garden reconstruction from 1882 to 1888. In the process of repair, according to the gardening techniques of Jiangnan gardens, the painting pool not only had the style of Western Sichuan gardens, but also had the exquisite taste of Jiangnan gardens.

Modern times

In 1916, the painting pool was opened to the public and was named Zhongcheng Park in 1929. In 1955, the painting pool was renamed people's Park. At the same time, a new gate was built and the original East Gate was abolished. The new gate is located in the northwest corner, facing the more prosperous Dadong street. In the 1960s, a new group of pavilions, galleries and pavilions were built in the northeast corner of the painting pool. In 1974, a pavilion for listening to poems and watching paintings and a half Pavilion for the north of the pool were built in the northwest corner of the painting pool. In the southwest of Zunjing Pavilion, a neighboring corridor was built based on Wang Bo's poem "sending Du Shaofu to serve Shuzhou". In 1981, the name of the people's Park was changed to the painting pool. In 1982, Erxian temple was restored and rebuilt into Luyou temple. Since 2008, Chongzhou city has started to build the painting pool and its surrounding areas as a whole. It plans to renovate the water environment of the painting pool, protect the surrounding characteristic houses, and renovate the style and features of the surrounding buildings.

Garden Art

The garden is composed of three parts: the painting pool, the Lu You temple and the Zhou Confucian temple. The water surface of the painting pool is the center of the layout. The total area of the garden is 34541 square meters, including 14600 square meters of water surface, accounting for 42%; the building area is 5946 square meters, accounting for only 17%. The garden is characterized by broad water surface, numerous rockeries and luxuriant flowers and trees, while the buildings are mostly concentrated on the southeast sides of the painting pool, which is relatively sparse. It has the common characteristics of advocating nature and paying attention to landscape construction in Sichuan gardens.

Luyou temple and Zhou Confucian temple are two groups of relatively independent buildings in the painting pool. The axis of Luyou Temple extends from the painting pool to the East, and the axis of Zhou Confucian temple extends from the painting pool to the south, which makes the general layout of the painting pool "t" shape. The pool in the pool is the essence of the whole garden.

Most of the existing building groups of fuhuachi were rebuilt in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, which is a typical architectural style of Western Sichuan in Qing Dynasty. They are composed of huanfuhuachi building group, Zhouwen temple building group and Luyou temple building group. Zhouwen temple building group and luyouci building group are relatively independent, but they are skillfully connected with other parts of the garden.

Huandan painting pool

As the main part of the garden building group, huandan Huachi building group can be divided into three parts: the first is Zunjing Pavilion

Chinese PinYin : Yan Hua Chi