Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon

Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon

The Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon is the deepest canyon on earth. According to the data released by the State Bureau of Surveying and mapping, the Grand Canyon starts from daduka village, Pai Town, Milin County in the North (3000 meters above sea level), passes through the great bend of the Yarlung Zangbo River in Pailong Township, and ends at baxika village, Motuo County in the South (115 meters above sea level, in southern Tibet near Assam state, India), mainly in Motuo County. From Duoka village, Gandeng Township, Motuo County to Gala village, Pai Town, Milin County, the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon is a no man's land.

With a total length of 504.6 kilometers, the deepest part is 6009 meters, and the average depth is 2268 meters. It is undoubtedly the largest canyon in the world. It is much larger than the second largest canyon in the world, namely the palonzangbo Grand Canyon, the Colorado Grand Canyon in the United States (2133 meters deep, 370 kilometers long) and the kolka Grand Canyon in Peru (3203 meters deep, 90 kilometers long). Some of the main waterfalls fall 30-50 meters. The canyon has nine vertical natural zones, from alpine ice and snow zone to tropical rain forest in low valley. It collects a variety of biological resources, including two-thirds of known higher plant species in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, one-half of known mammals, four-fifth of known insects, and three-fifth of known Macrofungi in China.

It splits the mountain barrier between the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the Indian Ocean, and continuously transports water vapor to the interior of the plateau, making the southeast of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau a green world and some places south of Tibet.

Great turn of Yarlung Zangbo River: Generally speaking, there are many great turns of Yarlung Zangbo River around Jiafeng (nanjiafeng) (in Pailong township of Linzhi county). In a broad sense, there are many great turns of Yarlung Zangbo River, such as Guotang great turn about 12 km away from Motuo County.

brief introduction

essential information

The Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon is the largest water vapor channel on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. According to the conclusion of scientific investigation, the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon was formed by the Himalayan movement and river erosion.

The Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon not only ranks first in the world for its depth and width, but also attracts the attention of scientists all over the world for its rich scientific connotation and precious resources. The world's largest precipitation zone is distributed in the Brahmaputra Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, and the world's northernmost tropical climate zone and natural zone are distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon. Therefore, it is the mesosphere coupling zone of the earth system As the most ideal field laboratory for research.

The combination of the peak and the bend Canyon is very rare in the history of the world's Canyon and river development, which is a natural wonder in itself. In fact, the grand turn Canyon is composed of several turns connected.

In the north of the gorge, galabaire peak is also the center of glacier development. The liequ glacier on the east slope of the gorge is a large valley glacier, extending from 4700 meters above sea level to 1850 meters above sea level.

On the northern slope of the eastern part of Nyainqentanglha, at the northbound entrance of the Grand Canyon water vapor channel, there is Kaqin glacier, which is 33 km long, and laigu glacier, which is 35 km long, on the upper reaches of palongzangbo.

They are long valley glaciers in China's marine temperate glaciers. The end of the glacier extends into the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest, and the lowest elevation can reach about 2500 meters, forming a unique natural landscape.

In the fourth century, glaciation developed many times in the mountain area, leaving a complete U-shaped valley of ancient glaciers. The dense glacial hills in the valley bottom plain are like tombs, which are the accumulation relics of ancient glaciation in the specific environment of water vapor channel.

On the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the world-famous roof of the world, there is a green passage extending to the southeast along the Brahmaputra Yarlung Zangbo River Valley.

The annual precipitation is 4500-10070mm. It is this natural water vapor channel that narrows the obvious difference between the north and South natural belts. 2. It is this natural water vapor channel that pushes the distribution of many tropical animals and plants northward. It is this natural water vapor channel that promotes the mixing and exchange of North and South organisms in the Himalayas This is the natural water vapor channel, which provides safe shelter for many paleontological species.

The Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon is the area with the most abundant hydropower resources in the world.

The river passes through the bottom of two high mountains and valleys with an altitude of more than 6000 meters, forming a unique U-shaped bend around Namjagbarwa peak. The mountains are high and the valley is deep, and the water flow is fast (in addition, there is a big bend in guoguotang about 12 kilometers away from Motuo County).

In the 496.3km downstream section from paizhen to baxika (at the bottom of southern Tibet), the water surface elevation of the river dropped sharply from 2910m to 155m, with a natural drop of 2755m. The average gradient of the whole section is 5 ‰, ranking first among the major rivers in the world.

Especially from Pai to Motuo, the straight-line distance between the two places is less than 40 kilometers, but the water surface elevation difference is 2230 meters, with an average slope of 10.5 ‰. In addition, the average annual flow is 1900 m3 / s, which makes it the most abundant and concentrated area of water energy resources in the world. A hydropower station with an installed capacity of 40 million kilowatts can be built here.

From Duoka village, Gandeng Township, Motuo County to Gala village, Pai Town, Milin County, the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon is a no man's land.

Discovery naming

In 1991 and 1993, the Chinese Association for scientific exploration carried out explorations in the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon.

In 1994, Liu Dongsheng and others confirmed that the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon is the largest Grand Canyon in the world, with a total length of 496.3 km and a maximum depth of 5382 M.

According to the data released by the State Bureau of Surveying and mapping, the Grand Canyon starts from daduka village in Pai Town, Milin County in the North (at an altitude of 2880 meters) and ends at baxika village, Motuo County in the South (at an altitude of 115 meters, in southern Tibet near Assam state, India). (through the great bend of Yarlung Zangbo River in Pailong township). With a total length of 504.6 kilometers, the deepest part is 6009 meters, and the average depth is 2268 meters. It is undoubtedly the largest canyon in the world.

The Grand Canyon of Colorado in the United States (2133 meters deep, 370 kilometers long) and the Grand Canyon of kolka in Peru (3203 meters deep, 90 kilometers long), which were once listed as the world's largest, can not be compared with the Grand Canyon of Yarlung Zangbo. It's also much bigger than the second largest canyon in the world, palongzangbo.

Xinhua News Agency timely reported the news to the whole world, which caused a sensation all over the world.

In September 1998, the State Council of the people's Republic of China officially approved that the scientific name of the Grand Canyon is "Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon", and the English alphabet is Yarlung Zangbo Daxiagu.

From late October to early December in 1998, the team hiked through the Grand Canyon and surveyed it again, further determining its position in the world's largest canyon.

In January 2019, it was rated as China's excellent mountain scenic spot.

At the same time, in the section of no man's land in the core of the Grand Canyon, more than 20 kilometers from xixingla to the entrance of palongzangbuhui, four waterfalls have been found.

From the downstream to the upstream are rongzha waterfall group, qiugudulong waterfall group and Zangbu Badong waterfall group. Among them, zangbadong waterfall group includes zangbadong waterfall group I and zangbadong waterfall group II. Zangbu Badong waterfall is the largest, 35 meters high and 62.57 meters wide.

The main body of Yajiang Grand Canyon is in Motuo County, about 12 kilometers away from Motuo County, where there is a big turning of guoguotang.

Section introduction

From milinpai town in the North

The Grand Canyon starts from daduka village in Pai Town, Milin County in the North (2880 meters above sea level). In the south, we can see Namjagbarwa and galabaire across the river.

Through Pailong Town, Linzhi

The famous turn of the Yarlung Zangbo River (the first turn) in the Grand Canyon is in Zhaqu village, Pailong Township, Linzhi.

The main body is in Motuo County

The Grand Canyon is 504.6 kilometers long, more than 90% of which is in Motuo County.

To Motuo County, there is ZhaMo highway, which is under construction. Pai Mo line is a walking route from Pai town to Beibeng Township and then to Motuo County. It is the most classic walking route before Motuo highway. After experiencing many different temperate zones, crossing the duoxiongla mountain at an altitude of more than 4000 meters, through the tropical rain forest, across the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon, and enjoying the beautiful scenery of the original ecology, we arrived at the secret lotus land

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Geology and geomorphology

The Grand Canyon area is the most mysterious area of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Because of its unique tectonic position, scientists regard it as "the key to open the door of the earth's history".

Therefore, the geological survey of the Grand Canyon area is an important part of the geological survey of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. Henan Geological Survey Institute is one of the main forces in the geological survey of Qinghai Tibet Plateau.

Since 1999, it has undertaken and completed some subprojects of the comprehensive remote sensing survey of land and resources in Tibet, the geological mapping of the blank area of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, the survey and evaluation of the resource and mineral bases along the Qinghai Tibet railway, and the survey and evaluation of the three river nonferrous metal bases in Southwest China.

Among them, the 1:200000 regional geochemical survey project in the Grand Canyon area has received extensive attention from all walks of life.

The discovery of Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon is one of the most important geographical discoveries in the 20th century. It was discovered by several generations of Chinese scientists after a long period of hard work.

For more than 20 years before that, many

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