Nuwa Temple

Nuwa Temple

Nuwa temple is located in the south of Longcheng Town, Qin'an County, Tianshui City, Gansu Province. The main buildings are "wa Palace" and "Nuwa Temple doorplate". The earliest Nuwa temple is located in the north mountain of today's Longcheng city. Beishan Mountain was called "Longquan Mountain" in ancient times, and the ridge was called fengtailiang. There is Longquan Temple on the right side of the ridge, that is, the reading place of ZhangJin. There is Beishan temple on the left side of the ridge, and the temple was destroyed by a landslide on the right side. The construction of Nuwa temple can be traced back to the Qin Dynasty and has a history of more than 2000 years. Nuwa temple has gone through many vicissitudes. Up to now, it has been relocated five times. Today's Nuwa temple is magnificent with solemn statues. The solemn and peaceful statue of Nu Wa in the niche of Wa palace was carefully carved by the famous sculptor Ms. He ER in 1989.

geographical position

Nuwa temple is located in the south of Longcheng City, Qin'an County, Tianshui City, Gansu Province. It is located at 105 ° 59 ′ E and 35 ° 0.22 ′ n. It has a semi warm climate in the temperate zone of central and southern Gansu Province, with an annual average temperature of 10.4 ℃.

Historical evolution

In 1986, a wooden map of the Qin tomb was unearthed in Fangmatan, Tianshui City, in which the No.2 icon of Hulu river was drawn, and there was a pavilion shaped object. According to scholars' research, this pavilion shaped object should be the Nuwa temple. Hu zuanzong also recorded in "Qin An Zhi" that Nuwa temple was "built before Han Dynasty".

In the Northern Wei Dynasty, Li Daoyuan first pointed out the specific location of the Nuwa temple in his shuijingzhu. Its "Weishui chapter" says: "Lueyang river water flows into wating water in the northwest. Wating water and southwest of the gap, Shidang water injection. Water out of the north mountain, there are Nuwa temple. After paoxi, there was Nu Wa Yan, who was the third emperor of Shennong. Its water flows south into wating water. " Lueyang River, the Qingshui River, flows from east to west into wating river. Xianqin gorge is located between Yebao Township and Anfu Township in today's Qin'an County. It is said that Fuxi Nuwa married here and propagated human beings. It can be seen that Nuwa temple is located in the north of Xianqin gorge. According to Qin'an County annals written by Daoguang of Qing Dynasty, "the North Mountain" mentioned in shuijingzhu is the anode mountain three or ten miles north of today's county. " Yangyang mountain is located in Fuxiang of Jin'an, that is, the specific location of Nuwa temple in Northern Wei Dynasty is in Fuxiang of Jin'an.

There are few historical materials about the vicissitudes of Nuwa temple in the thousand years after Li Daoyuan. In the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, when Hu Zuan Zong compiled Qin An Zhi, there was the former site of Nuwa temple in the north mountain of Longcheng, where the temple was preserved but the sacrifice was abandoned. "Longcheng Beishan" is called "Longquan Mountain" in Xuantong's Gansu Xintongzhi of Qing Dynasty: "Nuwa temple is in Qin'an County, 40 miles north of (Qin) Prefecture, and Longquan Mountain is in the northeast of the county." It can be seen that the Nuwa temple was moved to Longquan Mountain in Longcheng and renamed as Nuwa temple at the latest in the Ming Dynasty. In the early years of Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, the Nuwa temple was destroyed by a landslide in Longquan. After Daoguang, the temple was moved to the east gate of Longcheng town. Soon after, the water forced the city, and the temple was moved to dongshanping. In the early years of Tongzhi, the temple was destroyed by the war, and then moved to the former site of Nanhuang temple in Longcheng.

During the cultural revolution, Nuwa temple was demolished again.

In 1989 and 2000, the people of Longcheng rebuilt the Nuwa temple in the original site, and built a "wa Palace" covering an area of 160 square meters, with magnificent pavilions, flying eaves and animal ridges, flowing Dan and flying Bi, carved beams and painted buildings, and built in the statue of Nuwa created by the famous sculptor he E.

In 2005, Nuwa temple was announced as a county-level cultural relic protection unit by the people's Government of Qin'an County.

Since 2006, Tianshui Municipal People's government has held two ceremonies in the Nuwa temple to commemorate the cultural ancestor of Nuwa, and three sessions of Nuwa Culture Forum in Qin'an County. In 2007, Tianshui Nuwa Culture Research Association was established to actively explore the culture of Nuwa and create a tourism brand of its hometown.

Main buildings

In 1988, Longcheng local people voluntarily donated more than 70000 yuan to rebuild a majestic Nuwa hall in the original site, which is called "wa Palace". This antique building is of brick and wood structure, covering an area of 160 square meters. It has magnificent Xuan Ying, flying eaves and animal ridges, flowing Dan and flying Bi, carved beams and painted buildings. The four edges of the main hall connect with the main beam. The word "Shou" in the middle of the main beam is shining with silver. The eaves on both sides and other four edges are high and decorated with vivid elephants, lions and unicorns. The six pillars on the front of the hall are connected by the couplet beams. The vivid pattern of two dragons playing with pearls is carved on the central couplet beam, and the couplet beams on both sides are decorated with flowers. There are plaques inscribed by Gu Jinchi, former Secretary of the CPC Gansu Provincial Committee, Huang Hanqing, a researcher and others on the couplets and beams, which are "ancestors of China", "wa Palace", "opening the world", "refining stones to fill the sky". There is a couplet written by Huo Songlin, Professor of Shaanxi Normal University, doctoral supervisor, vice president of Chinese poetry society, and honorary president of Shaanxi couplet Association in Mingzhu: do not lightly knead the soil to create a good teacher, fine sculpture and fine carving, have a talent of Qing Yu Yu Yu, and attach great importance to mending the sky to serve as a great master. In 2000, Longcheng people voluntarily donated more than 80000 yuan to build a high and towering "Nu Wa ancestral hall" in front of the main hall of "wa Imperial Palace". On the front of the gate is a plaque inscribed by Major General Yang Yaochun, former deputy political commissar of Gansu military region. There is a plaque inscribed by Ms. Zhang Ruilan (now director of Gansu Provincial Archives Bureau). There are plaques inscribed by Yang zizhao, a calligrapher and painter of the town, "Nuwa Temple", "Madonna virtue" and "butiangong". There is a couplet written by Mr. Wang huanxiang, chairman and general manager of Gansu Jianzong Real Estate Development Co., Ltd., hanging on the front pillar: refine the color stone to fill the sky, the sun, the moon and the stars shine for thousands of years, benefiting Zeyu and the future generations.

In front of the gate stands a stone tablet of "the hometown of Wa emperor", which is inscribed by the famous calligrapher Mr. Li Quan and engraved by the old artist Mr. Yang Tai.

Nuwa Festival

In order to carry forward the Nuwa culture, express the people's admiration for the goddess of Wa, inspire the national spirit, inherit the long and splendid history and culture of Longcheng, a famous historical and cultural town, establish the historical status of the main birthplace of the Chinese nation, create a holy land for the global Chinese people to seek their roots, actively respond to the construction of Gansu's Chinese civilization inheritance and Innovation Zone, and promote the cultural tourism industry of Qin'an With the rapid development of the society, Tianshui municipal government held two public ceremonies to commemorate the cultural ancestor Nuwa. Every year on March 15 of the lunar calendar, people in Longcheng hold a grand Nuwa temple fair. "After years of experience and baptism of time, in 2011, the ritual of Nuwa in Qin'an was listed in the national intangible cultural heritage protection list.

temple fair

Wa palace is full of incense at four o'clock, and the 15th day of the first lunar month is the Christmas day of Wa emperor. In the first month, the atmosphere of Spring Festival is still strong, and Longcheng town is still very lively. On the 15th of this day, with the dawn, the people of dozens of miles around lueyangchuan came from all over the world to offer incense to empress Nuwa and take part in the annual meeting of the goddess of Wa with holy mood and devout steps, together with loud gongs and drums.

Since the beginning of the celebration of Nuwa's birthday in the early morning, the traditional celebration activities and the sound of gongs and drums, firecrackers, singing from far to near, as well as the cheers from the "ancient Lueyang theater" in front of the Royal Palace of Nuwa, have made people very happy. In the grand ceremony of offering sacrifices to the emperor WA, all kinds of Shehuo performance teams were welcomed. In addition to local community fire teams, there are also community fire teams in Zhangjiachuan, Zhuanglang, Qingshui and other neighboring counties. Teams of gongs and drums, in front and behind, gathered in the wahuang theater, competing to perform first. Every year, there are 40 or 50 social fire teams. The main contents of the performance are horse stories, high poles, high pavilions, high crutches, dry boats, lions, tigers, dragon lanterns, zhuanma, lantern, martial arts, spring cattle and so on. In lueyangchuan, more than 80% of the villages are horse playing stories, dry boats and lions. Playing Pavilion, Gaogan, gaoguazi, zhuanma, Laohu, Longdeng, Huadeng mainly include Longquan, Shangyuan, wahuang, Xiguan, Fengwei, Lueyang, Changying, Caihe, Zhangwan, Yushu, Wangli, Maguan, Gaozhuang and other villages. In history, the "spring bull" was mainly performed by the villagers of batugou. First, a big spring bull was pasted with colored paper and carried high in front of it by several people. Gongs and drums opened the way. There are as many as 100 makeup performers from the emperor to the common people, from high officials to beggars. The content is 72 lines, with no less than 2 performers per line. The lineup is huge, lively and vivid. The crowds of people performing and watching are really spectacular, and they are very popular. On the 15th day of the first month, it is not only the Christmas day of the wa emperor, but also the traditional Lantern Festival of the Chinese nation. Inside and outside the Nu Wa temple, there is an unprecedented tide of people. It's really a night of banners, banners, Xiao and drums, reflecting the palace. From morning to night, the flow of worshippers gathered into a colorful dragon, and people expressed their nostalgia for this first grandmother in various ways.

On the 15th day of the first month, when the sky is full of light and candles, the palace of Wa, with its cornices and ridges and clear wind bells, is even more resplendent and solemn. The red candles in the hall are arranged separately, and the fruits are full of cases. The cigarette curls and the chime goes on. Under the plaque of "ancestors of China", Nu Wa holds five colored stones in her hand, her eyes are shining and her aura is striking. Xiang sits in the niche surrounded by flowers, showing her infinite wisdom and reverie. Three kowtow nine worship of the flow of people, supporting the old and carrying the young, shoulder to shoulder, looking forward to the service of the eternal emperor wa.

When you take part in the wahuang holy meeting, you will certainly be impressed by the loud music, the fire and the bright lights. Fuxi and Nuwa are both the ancestors of the Chinese people and the foundation of the Chinese dragon. Xihuang culture "one painting opens the sky", pushing our ancestors from the flood and famine era

Chinese PinYin : Nv Wa Ci