Dongqian Lake

Dongqian Lake

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

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Dongqian Lake, also known as Qianhu lake and Wanjin lake, is a famous scenic spot in Zhejiang Province. It is 15 kilometers east of Ningbo City. The southeast of the lake is backed by Qingshan mountain, and the northwest of the lake is close to the plain, that is, 121 ° 34 ′ E and 28 ° 52 ′ n. It is a part of the geology of Fujian and Zhejiang, and is a natural lagoon formed by geological movement in ancient times. Mr. Guo Moruo praised it as "West Lake scenery, Taihu Lake spirit". Dongqian Lake is composed of three parts: GuZi lake, Meihu lake and Waihu lake. It is 8.5km long from north to south, 6.5km wide from east to west, 45km long around the lake, covering an area of 22 square kilometers. It is the largest (NATURAL) freshwater lake in Zhejiang Province, with an area three times that of Hangzhou West Lake, an average water depth of 2.2M, and a total water storage of 33.9 million cubic meters.

Dongqian Lake has been excavated for more than 1200 years, which is more elegant after dredging. In 744, Lu Nanjin, the county magistrate of Xiang County, led the people to build the dam. After that, Wang Anshi, Li Yigeng, Lu Xianzhi and other local officials of the past dynasties removed the Fengqing boundary and built more facilities, making it a comprehensive water area.

Dongqian Lake in Ningbo is listed as a pilot project of lake ecological environmental protection in China.

Historical evolution

Dongqian Lake is an important water conservancy project in Ningbo. There are seven weirs and nine ponds around the lake. Seven weirs are: Qianyan, Meihu weir (waste), Sumu weir (waste), Mozhi weir, Pingshui weir, Dayan and gaoqiu weir. The nine ponds are Meihu pond, Meihu pond, sumutang, Mozhi pond, Dayan pond, Pingshui pond, Qianyan pond, fangjiatang and gaoqiu pond. Dongqian Lake has a subtropical monsoon climate with an average annual precipitation of 1374 mm, the lowest temperature of 8.3 ° C below zero, the highest temperature of 38.5 ° C and the average annual water temperature of 16.2 ° C. As the lake water regulates the temperature, it is not only suitable for intensive farming, but also for shipping and cooling. Dongqian Lake irrigates more than 500000 hectares of farmland in eight townships of Yin County, Fenghua and Zhenhai, making the farmland around the lake prosperous year by year. There used to be a saying in Ningbo: "if you want to live in Dongxiang, you need to be born.". Dongxiang's farmland is high-yielding year by year, relying on Dongqian Lake water. Moreover, most of the edible water in Ningbo city is supplied by this lake.

During the long period of Paleozoic, there was no great change in the area of Dongqian Lake except for the slow ascending and descending movement and local transgression. At the end of the Quaternary, there was obvious subsidence, depositing a large number of thick alluvium, and the surrounding area developed into a sandbank. Due to the action of coastal flow and tide, the deposition area gradually formed outside the sandbank, and Dongqian Lake became one of the numerous sea trace lakes. Dongqian Lake was recorded as early as Jin Dynasty. Lu Yun (Shilong), a famous scholar in the Western Jin Dynasty, said in his reply to Che mao'an book that "there are great lakes in the west, famous mountains in the north, Linze in the South and Juhai in the East" in the county. At that time, the county government was in the mountain and the lake was in the west of the county government. It can be seen that Dongqian Lake was called a great lake in Jin Dynasty.

In ancient times, Dongqian Lake was called "Qianhu" because it inherited the water of Qiandai; it was also called "Wanjin Lake". In terms of its Lipu, it was called "Xihu" in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, the county government was located in Wushan and the lake was in the west of the county government, so it was named; in the Song Dynasty, it was called "Donghu" because the county government was located in Sanjiangkou and the lake was in the East.

During the reign of Zhao Tianbao, Lu Nanjin was appointed as the county magistrate. In the third year of Tianbao (A.D. 744), he opened up several mountain gaps in the northwest of the lake and built dikes to connect them, forming an artificial lake. According to Li Dun's xiudongqianhuyi, a total of 121213 mu of farmland was abandoned at that time (Yongshang water conservancy annals said, 21213 mu of farmland was abandoned), eight ponds and four weirs were built, three and a half rivers were stored, and more than 100000 rivers were irrigated in seven townships The taxes on the abandoned Lake fields will be distributed to the benefited fields, with 0.376 meters per mu.

In the first year of emperor Tianxi of Song Dynasty (1048 AD), after Wang Anshi was appointed as county magistrate of He county, he organized the people to make up for the waste, set up the boundary of the lake, dredge the watercourse, "build the dyke, break the pond, and benefit the land and water". After the bitter camp, he managed Dongqian Lake to a vast and clear water. Since then, the people of the seven townships have been free from the worry of a bad year despite the drought. During the reign of emperor Jiahu of Song Dynasty (1056-1063), he was in charge of the reconstruction of six dykes, namely fangjiatang, gaoqiutang, meihutang, sumutang, pingshuiyan and qianyantang.

In the fifth year of Qiandao (1169 A.D.) of the Southern Song Dynasty, the lake was silted up to more than 20000 mu due to Fench grass. The water storage was greatly reduced, and the people were not enough. Zhang Jin, the minister in charge, moved to the court to discuss the strategy of Fench. Zhao Bogui got the permission of the court, and sent Yang Bian, the magistrate, to measure it in detail. In addition, the Fench Lake needed 165888 yuan and 27678 meters of stone. In the fourth year of Chunxi in the Southern Song Dynasty (1177 AD), Yao Zhe, the county magistrate, restored the Qing Dynasty and opened the lake. At that time, Yue Kai, the prince of Wei, was guarding Mingzhou. He was transferred to the Qing Dynasty. He paid 50000 yuan for the internal revenue and 10000 yuan for the Yicang. He also dispatched the water army to carry Fengji, and sent Shi Moji and Sima chenyannian to supervise the construction. It took half a year to break through 21213 mu of Fengji. But at that time, except that most of zizangpeng were not moved out of the lake, they were backfilled into the lake after the water level rose.

In the seventh year of Jiading (A.D. 1214), Cheng Qin was sentenced to act as the county magistrate. He raised 32000 yuan from the government and set up the Kaihu Bureau. He wanted to buy 1000 mu of land and rent 2400 stones per year to invite farmers to pick fenders in their spare time. It is estimated that 20000 ships can go to Fengfeng every year. It is a pity that his good policy of eliminating fenfeng was not carried out effectively by his later magistrate. The land that had been bought was used for other purposes, while the money that had not been bought was cut off from the government treasury. As a result, Fengjiao in the lake grew day by day and month by month, encroaching on the waters. Baoqing two years (AD 1226), along the book Hu Shou county, at that time fencao congestion very. He raised 15000 rice and stone, and asked the water army to help him. The farmers accepted Yitian Mu's entry and exit service, and cleared away the unsustainable land. Then he played to the Ming court to save the money from the project

Every year, the head of Qianfeng Township, Gu Yong, was responsible for the rent of grain. He divided 500 fishermen into four corners and gave them six stones for each grain. After this big model clearance, there was no shoe grass problem in the whole 16 years. Dongqian Lake's thousands of hectares of grassland was desolate, and its former appearance was as clear as a mirror. However, in addition to Fench row grass, can not pick out the lake, after heavy rain and flood, and silting cold in the lake.

In the second year of Chunhu (1242 A.D.), Chen Kai, the Secretary of Chunhu County, wrote about the county governor. Seeing the good harvest of farming, he carried out the policy of buying fenders. He cleared up the income of the lake fields in the past, appointed Lin Yuanjin to make the system and Shi Xiaoguang to implement it. Farmers responded one after another, sailed boats to pick up the fenders, and traveled to and from the lake fields, sometimes hundreds to thousands. It has a good effect on the removal of fennel grass.

In the yuan and Ming Dynasties and Dongqian Lake, there was no large-scale dredging, especially after Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty, when farmers found that Fench grass could fertilize their fields, they competed to adopt it, so that Fench grass could not be harmed. In the 18th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (Gongwu, 1892), due to the deposition of Dongqian Lake, Zhang Zuxi, a native of Fuxian County, initiated the project, but failed. Then his disciple Xin Jinya inherited the will of his predecessor and ran around for 20 years. In 1913, Chen Xiezhong, a wealthy businessman from Zhenhai, donated a huge sum of money to establish the lake Engineering Bureau in Qingshan temple. It took three years to dredge Meihu lake first and then the whole lake.

After the founding of the people's Republic of China, from 1951 to 1976, Dongqian Lake was renovated many times, thousands of manpower were sent, huge investment was invested, fengrass was removed, Lake ponds, weirs and dams and gangue gates were repaired, Lake boundaries were cleared, and Tongpen sluice, Qiuhong sluice, Jiepai sluice and heightening Lake ponds were built, which greatly increased the storage capacity of Dongqian Lake.

In 1961, sanxipu reservoir was built. At the same time, Meihu lake, which was seriously silted, was abolished. In 1976, a pond in the middle of the lake was built to facilitate excavation in turn.

Dongqian Lake not only has the advantages of irrigation and navigation, but also has the disadvantages of siltation, so the dispute between defending the lake and abandoning the lake has been very fierce. During the Wudade period (1297-1307 A.D.), the local people asked Zhou Tian to rent several mu of land to the officials on the ground that the lake was silting up. After Dushui Yingtian branch, the lake was broken. During the Xuande period of Ming Dynasty (1426-1435 AD), Wang Shihua, who participated in politics, lived in Dongqian Lake and went into the water. He took advantage of his power to open the lake as a field. Only when the people of seven townships sued the supervisor, could he recognize the suspension. During the Zhengde and Jiajing years, the troops of the Tun army in Ningbo asked the lake to be abandoned as a field. Because of the stop of Kou Tianxu, the prefect, and Huang Renshan, the county magistrate, the lake was not abandoned. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the king of Lu supervised the state. Wang Zhiren, the chief soldier, and Zhou, the leader of the camp, were not paid enough for their troops, and they wanted to abolish the lake for farming. After Yuan Zhou, the county magistrate, stopped them and Dong Shouyu, the head of the household department, fought to death, the lake was not abandoned. However, the number of people invading the lake fields increased with each passing day. During the reign of emperor Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty, Lu Yu made a speech to the court, and then he declared that it was strictly prohibited. Tongzhi five years (AD 1866) Hu Di and so on in Jianhe caischunshan Kai River, the lake water irrigation Town, such as Hai Tai Village, patrol the history of sending people to investigate, think Zhenhai high terrain, arduous works, lack of water, plus the county farmers strongly opposed, by governor Zuo Zongtang instructions, and Qin Shi Yong ban monument, located in Town God's Temple. Before liberation, rich families and gentry occupied Meihu lake for farmland, which caused many water conservancy disputes and water fights. Dongqian Lake has experienced many vicissitudes. It has been thriving and abandoned for 2000 years, and its achievements are still the same. In this way, we can also comfort the people with lofty ideals who worked hard for this pearl of eastern Zhejiang. In order to inspire and commemorate the local officials who contributed to dredging the great lake, the local people built "Li and Lu ancestral halls" in qingshan'ao of Dongqian Lake.

Qianhu culture

Shang Wen

Chinese PinYin : Dong Qian Hu