Beizi Temple

Beizi temple in Xilinhot City is one of the four major temples in Inner Mongolia. It is called Chongshan temple in Han Dynasty. It was built in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. After seven generations of living Buddha refinement, it consumed 1.74 million taels of silver. The main temples in the temple are carved beams and painted columns, which are magnificent and elegant, with a large number of murals. They are valuable materials for the study of Mongolian history and national art. The temple is divided into five main halls and three courtyards, one of which has been repaired, one is being repaired, and the other is not. Walking out of the last dilapidated courtyard of Beizi temple, you can see the afterglow of the setting sun. It seems that you feel a kind of nihilistic sadness lingering on the beams behind you. The strong contrast of the three courtyards can deeply understand the heavy blow that Beizi Temple suffered during the cultural revolution.

Beizi temple is located at the south slope of Erdun taoligai Aobao mountain in the north of Xilinhot City. It was built in the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty and is one of the four major temples in Inner Mongolia. The temple was named after the local Beizi Balaji Daoerji who presided over the construction of the temple, and it was built in Beizi banner. Beizi temple is now a national 4A scenic spot.

The whole building complex is divided into seven main halls, including chaokaqin, minggan, Keri, zhuduba, ganzhur, dinkel and erritu. In addition to these seven main halls, there are more than ten small halls and more than 2000 monk houses, which are huge and magnificent.

In more than 100 years after the completion of the temple, the temple became the main place for herdsmen to worship, and the incense was very abundant. There are a large number of murals reflecting the history and life of the Mongolian people in the temple, which are valuable historical materials for the study of Mongolian history and national art.

Admission: 20 yuan

Transportation: take bus No.1.

Beizi Temple

Beizi temple, Mongolian name "ban Zhida Gegen Temple", Han name "Chongshan Temple". It is one of the four temples in Inner Mongolia, located at the south slope of "Erdun taoligai" Oboo in the north of Xilinhot City, Xilingol League.

Founded in 1743, it was refined by seven generations of living Buddhas and cost more than 1.74 million taels of silver. The temple is divided into five main halls, the middle one is chaokeqin (administrative and educational affairs) hall, the two sides are Labrang (living Buddha) hall, Keri (Philosophy) hall, manba (medical) hall and zhuduoduba (Astronomy and Mathematics) hall. In addition, there are more than ten small halls and more than 2000 Lama houses around the Beizi temple, with a total area of 1.2 square kilometers after its completion.

Beizi temple is the holy land of Tibetan Buddhism. Its scale has always been known as the largest temple in Xilin Gol League. It is a treasure house of Buddhist culture in Xilin Gol League and enjoys the reputation of "famous temple in the north". Beizi temple is surrounded by rich water and beautiful scenery. The holy Xilin River flows slowly from south to north to the west of Beizi temple. Now it is surrounded by the prosperous urban area. According to legend, the site of the temple was chosen as an auspicious treasure. In the prosperous period of more than one hundred years, Lama had a maximum of 1200 people. At that time, Lama in the upper level of the temple kept close contact with the religious upper level of Lhasa in Tibet and Wutai Mountain in Shanxi, and often traveled to Lhasa and other places on foot to worship and learn Buddhist Scriptures. Later, with the collapse of the Qing Dynasty, Beizi Temple began to decline.

The name of Beizi temple is "Jianglong · Banzhida · Gegen · Heide" or "ariya · Zhanglong · bandida · Gegen · somu", that is to say, it is named after the title of this temple. There are also different names of "Gegen Sumu", "Gegen Heide", "Zhanglong bandidasomu", "bandida · Gegen Sumu", "Gegen Temple" and "Beizi Temple". It is commonly known as "bandida gegensuomu", or "Beizi Temple" for short, or "big temple" for the public.

Architectural features

Covering an area of 1.2 square kilometers, Beizi Temple follows the traditional architectural form of Huangjiao, with unique structure and beautiful carving. It is composed of main temple, subordinate temple, family temple, pagoda and many monk houses.

The overall layout is divided into seven high wall temples. On both sides of the seven walls are 2500 private temples, temple warehouses, princes' residences and Lama houses in hubilehan. There are seven representative halls, five Scripture halls, six sleeping halls, six pagodas and eleven temples with a top. Among them, the west red wall (also known as West Temple or thousand Buddha Hall) is mainly dedicated to thousands of Buddha statues, including Labrang temple, thousand Buddha Hall, living Buddha Hall and Deacon Lama Temple. In the middle red wall, chaokeqin Hall (also known as Dajing hall, Daxiong hall, and administrative and educational affairs hall) is the main hall, including Maitreya Buddha, bell and Drum Tower, and the mourning hall where the relic pagodas of the living Buddhas of the past dynasties are placed. Inside the east red wall (also known as the East Temple), there is mainly the Keri Hall (Dayong Sutra hall, XIANJIAO department, also known as "Fuyuan Temple"), including the wing room, shamuqing, Gongqing, rongken, kerihou palace, Damiao warehouse, chadufu warehouse and the residence of the Deacon Lama. Further to the East are the four towers of juduba, Mamba, dinkel and ganjul. There are mountain gates in the four halls in the west, and the rest are small or side gates. In front of the gate is the square of the whole temple (today's market). There is a lectern. All Temple gatherings are held here.

Beizi temple has been continuously renovated by the seventh living Buddha. There are seven main halls, five Labrang (living Buddha Hall) and five pagodas in the whole complex, including chaokaqin, minggan, QUERI, zhuduba, ganzhur, dinkel and erritetu. In addition, there are more than 30 Temple warehouses and two Lama houses on the East and west sides and behind the temple. The scale of the building complex is huge and magnificent. In more than 100 years after the completion of Beizi temple, the temple became the main place for herdsmen to worship, and the incense was very popular. There are a large number of murals reflecting the history and life of the Mongolian people in the temple, which are valuable historical materials for the study of Mongolian history and national art. It also has the architectural style of carved beams and painted buildings, double towers and complex pavilions, cornices and brackets, various shapes of Buddha statues and magnificent painting decoration, all of which have distinctive national characteristics.

The West Temple of Beizi temple, also known as the living Buddha storehouse, is a grand and magnificent courtyard. For the essence of the whole temple architecture. There are five Labrang in the East Temple, namely living Buddha storehouse, semuchun, new Labrang, quehougong, gulidobutu and wangdaihaser. Each building is majestic and majestic, with exquisite painting and distinctive national characteristics in internal and external decoration. It is a high-level residence for living Buddhas in this temple or a reception place for distinguished guests, as magnificent as a palace.

Around the temple stands a red tower and five white towers. Among them, the red tower was built to suppress evil spirits. There is a white pagoda (also called inner white pagoda) in the east of the Raben Lama Temple. According to the Lama of the temple, it was built to commemorate a meritorious master. It has been more than 200 years. The other four white pagodas are located at the corners of the temple, and the area within the four white pagodas is under the jurisdiction of the temple. Lamaism in beizimiao is Tibetan Buddhism, also known as Huangjiao, Lamaism or huangmaopai in this area. It was introduced from Tibet and Qinghai in Yuan Dynasty. In order to achieve the goal of "the unity of politics and religion", the Qing government divided Lamaism into four areas. Huangjiao in Inner Mongolia is governed by zhangjiahuo Buddhism.

Historical evolution

Qing Dynasty

During the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, a living Buddha named balagil lundbu went through all kinds of hardships from remote Qinghai, chanting scriptures and preaching all the way to the Bank of the Xilin River, and was deeply worshipped and appreciated by balagil lundbu. To show my gratitude to the living Buddha. In 1741, Lord balajil built a small temple for the living Buddha. In 1743, a large-scale Temple began to be built. The Buddhist scriptures of brick, tile and stone statues were all transported from Zhangjiakou and Duolun, and some from Tibet.

Chaokeqin temple was first built, which is one of the four temples in Inner Mongolia. The Mongolian name is "ban Zhida Gegen Temple" and the Chinese name is "Chongshan Temple". In 1786, Emperor Qianlong granted balajilongdebu as the first living Buddha, with the title of "ariwang Zhanglong Banzhida", which means "smart teacher", and granted the inscriptions of Manchu, Mongolian, Han and Tibetan characters. The "Zhanglong Banzhida Gegen Temple" was granted the name of "Chongshan Temple" by Emperor Qianlong in Han Dynasty. The temple expanded on a large scale when the second living Buddha came. It had a prosperous period of more than 100 years. It reached its peak in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, and the largest number of lamas was more than 1200-1500 (1840-1930). The upper Lamas of temples maintain close ties with the religious upper class in Lhasa, Tibet and Wutai Mountain, Shanxi.

"Ban Zhida Gegen Temple" was granted the Han name "Chongshan Temple" by Emperor Qianlong. By the time of the second living Buddha, the Sutra palm of the temple had been expanded on a large scale. It has a prosperous period of more than 100 years. During the reign of Emperor Guangxu of Qing Dynasty, it reached its peak. At most, there are more than 1200 lamas. The upper Lamas of the temple keep close contact with the religious upper class in Lhasa, Tibet and Wutai Mountain, Shanxi. The Beizi temple is carved with beams and painted buildings, and the Chonglou Pavilion is restored. The architectural style of flying eaves and bucket arches and the various shapes of Buddha statues. Magnificent painting decoration. In 1966, during the "four old" movement, the top of the temple was smashed, statues were destroyed, and a mountain of scriptures and books were burned.

the Republic of China era

During the heyday of Beizi temple, the number of resident lamas was more than 1000. It reached 1500 in the second year and 1200 in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Usually, there are about 1000 monks, so they are called "thousand monks at the foot of the mountain". However, by August 1945, there were less than 500 lamas in the temple. Later, the number of lamas increased and decreased from time to time. In 1957, the total number of lamas reached 800.

The monks in Beizi temple are very strict. Like chanting

Chinese PinYin : Bei Zi Miao