Tsing Ma Bridge

Tsing Ma Bridge

Tsing Ma Bridge is the main passage connecting Tsing Yi Island in Kwai Tsing District and Ma Wan island in Tsuen Wan District in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China. It is one of the components of Lantau link road in Hong Kong.

The construction of Qingma bridge started on May 25, 1992;

The closure project was completed in 1996;

It was put into operation on May 22, 1997.

Qingma bridge starts from Qingyi island in the East, crosses Mawan Strait in the upper and ends at Mawan island in the West. The total length of the line is 2160m, and the total length of the main bridge is 1377m. The upper layer is a two-way six lane urban expressway with a design speed of 100km / h, and the lower layer is a double line railway with a design speed of 135km / h. The total investment of the project is HK $7.2 billion.

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Construction process

In 1978, the British Hong Kong government studied a feasible scheme to connect Lantau with Tsuen Wan in mainland China.

In 1982, the British Hong Kong government completed the detailed design of the main body of the Tsing Ma Bridge. However, when preparing for the tender, the construction of the Tsing Ma Bridge was postponed because the airport plan on the north side of DAHAO island was temporarily shelved.

In 1991, the British Hong Kong government invited public tenders for the construction of the Tsing Ma Bridge to major builders in the world.

In 1992, the contract for the construction of Qingma bridge came into effect, and the construction of Qingma bridge was confirmed.

On May 25, 1992, the foundation laying ceremony of Qingma bridge was held;

On June 18 of the same year, construction began.

On March 15, 1995, the main span cable winding project of Qingma bridge was completed.

In 1996, the closure project of Qingma bridge was completed.

On April 27, 1997, Qingma bridge was completed and opened to traffic. On May 22, 1997, Qingma bridge was put into operation.

Bridge location

The Tsing Ma Bridge is located in the northwest of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China. It starts from Tsing Yi Island in Kwai Tsing District in the East, crosses the Ma Wan Strait in the East, ends at Ma Wan island in Tsuen Wan District in the west, and joins the KAP Shui Mun bridge to form the Lantau link road, which passes through the Hong Kong Airport Express.

Architectural design

building structure

Overall layout

Qingma bridge is composed of main bridge on water, north-south approach bridge, two pylons and their interchange ramps. The main bridge section is arranged from northeast to southwest.

 

Design features

Qingma bridge is a double deck steel suspension bridge for highway and railway. The upper deck is a highway lane, and the lower deck is a double track railway and two carriageways, which can be used as a maintenance channel. In case of strong wind or emergency, the two carriageways in the lower deck can be used for traffic diversion.

 

Design parameters

Qingma bridge has a total length of 2160m, a main span of 1377m, a width of 42m, a tower height of 206M (to the saddle), a weight of 500 piers for each saddle, and two anchorages for fixing the main cable weighing 200000 tons and 250000 tons respectively. The main cable has a diameter of 1.1 meters and is composed of 33400 steel wires with a diameter of 5.38 mm. The total length of steel wires is 160000 km and the total weight is 26700 tons. The load of each main cable is 5.3 tons. The total weight of bridge body steel is 49000 tons, and the weight of bridge body per meter is 22.7 tons.

 

Equipment and facilities

Electrical system

The automatic control ventilation and dehumidification systems (8 at Qingyi side and 6 at Mawan side) are set in the anchor room of Qingma bridge. When the indoor humidity exceeds the specified value, the humidity will be automatically extracted. In order to prevent steel wires and connectors from rusting in the anchor room, a well is set at the lowest part of the anchor room, and two water pumps are set in the well to automatically pump the sewage out of the room. The lighting in the anchor room adopts two-way control and is arranged along the stairs in the anchor room.

 

Lightning protection system

The main tower lightning protection system of Qingma bridge is connected by four common steel bars on one tower column and welded on the saddle to connect the steel bars in the tower.

 

power supply system

The power supply of the lighting system of Qingma bridge is to change the alternating current into direct current and store it in the storage battery. In order to maintain its normal operation, the air conditioner is used to adjust the temperature.

 

safety system

The telecommunication, broadcasting, information notice boards, traffic camera monitoring (high sensitive zoom, variable angle) and road safety monitoring of Qingma bridge are all under centralized control in the administrative management center. According to the road surface, weather, visibility and other conditions, the broadcasting and information notice boards are used to remind drivers. At the same time, the bridge is equipped with an emergency telephone every 200 meters.

 

monitoring system

The main monitoring center of Qingma bridge is set up on the side of Qingyi. There are 42 electronic displays on it to show the situation of each section at any time. There is a control console, which is divided into communication, monitoring, broadcasting and command systems. Through monitoring, we can get in touch with the internal sub monitoring points and external public security, fire control, news and other units at any time. Next to the toll gate on the Lantau side, there is a sub control center, which is only a part of the whole control area.

 

Operation

Fare system

Tsing Ma Bridge is an integral part of the Lantau link road in Hong Kong. Since August 20, 2017, two-way tolls have been implemented on the Lantau link. Taking private car or taxi drivers as an example, they have to pay 15 yuan for one-way return.

 

Traffic matters

As the Tsing Ma Bridge is located above the Ma Wan Strait, the upper deck will be temporarily closed in severe weather such as storms, and traffic is prohibited.

 

Construction achievements

Technical problems

During the five-year construction period of Qingma bridge, there are three difficulties: 1. The scale of Qingma bridge is huge; 2. The construction period is short; 3. The island where Qingma bridge is located is very busy with traffic.

 

Honorary recognition

Cultural characteristics

In 1999, Hongkong Post issued the stamp sheetlet "towards a new era" to bid farewell to the 20th century and welcome the year 2000. The stamp set takes the "five elements" as the creative idea, integrates Hong Kong's unique scenery, signifies Hong Kong's social harmony and prosperity, and faces the new era. Among them, wood represents the construction of the Tsing Ma Bridge.

 

Value significance

The opening of the Tsing Ma Bridge has become a landscape of land, sea and sky, as well as the future of the bridge in Hong Kong. < I (review of bridge construction) < / I

 

Address: between Tsing Yi Island and Ma Wan Island, Hong Kong

Longitude: 114.086083

Latitude: 22.35116

Tel. + 852-24955825

Ticket information: free.

Chinese PinYin : Qing Ma Da Qiao