Former site of jiaoao governor's house

The former site of jiaoao governor's house in Germany is a modern German architecture. After the German occupation of Qingdao in 1897, the governor's mansion was built in 1906. The building has the characteristics of European public buildings in the 19th century. It is in the shape of "concave" and the roof is covered with red tubular tiles. Later, it became the office of the Qingdao municipal government and the CPPCC. Later, it was terminated with the completion of the new building. Now you are not allowed to visit here. You can take photos at the door.

Former site of jiaoao governor's house

The former site of jiaoao governor's office in Germany is located at No.11 Yishui road at the south foot of Guanhai mountain, Shinan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province. After the German occupation of Qingdao in 1897, the governor's house was built in 1903 and completed in 1906. The building area is 7132.3 square meters and the cost is 850000 marks. The building is a masonry, steel and wood mixed structure building, which adopts the characteristics of symmetrical plane, four corners, slightly prominent in the middle and very obvious central axis of 19th century European public buildings. The whole building is a 4-storey building in the shape of "concave". The roof is covered with red tubular tiles with large slope and surrounded by iron railings. It is beautiful and used for lightning protection. After the completion of the building for the German governor's office, it is called "governor's house", also known as "Tidu building".

Construction process

In the early days of German occupation of Qingdao, its main financial and material resources were used in the construction of military fortresses, ports, railways and mines. Its political organs and barracks were mainly stationed in the barracks and government offices left by the Qing army. The earliest Huo jiaoao governor's office was set up in the general yamen of the former Qing army Zhang Gaoyuan building near the present people's hall. In 1903, the construction of Qingdao's military fortress, port, railway and other major projects was nearly completed. The German colonial authorities began to focus on the construction of Qingdao's urban blocks, and successively built the governor's mansion, the governor's residence, the police hall, the Christian Church, the imperial court and other important buildings, especially the governor's mansion in jiaoao, which has become a classic of German architecture in China .

In order to reflect the colonial status and ruling power of the German colonial rulers in Qingdao, the colonial authorities chose the southern slope of Guanhai mountain (formerly known as xiaobeiling mountain) in the center of the European residential area to build the supreme authority of Germany in Qingdao - jiaoao governor's office.

Jiaoao governor's house was built in 1902 and designed by German architect Malik. The whole project was completed in January 1906. With a total construction area of 7132.3 square meters and a total cost of 850000 marks, the building is the largest and most expensive building in Qingdao built by Germany.

The building belongs to European public building style, with stone brick steel wood mixed structure. The plane of the building is in "concave" shape, and the facade is symmetrically treated in three horizontal and vertical sections. The main wall of the whole building is made of huge granite stones. The stone materials are all from the high-quality granite produced in Qingdao, which is firm and solid. The interior wall of the building is made of brick, steel and wood. The bricks and tiles used are made from local materials. Today, the north end of Zhongshan road is the place where the bricks and tiles were fired, so it is named "Dayaogou". The granite stones used in the whole building are all picked and transported by Chinese workers from the distant quarry by traditional means. The building project is also built by Chinese workers with traditional techniques. The high level of workmanship and skilled construction technology are highly praised by German architects. Chinese workers have paid a heavy price for this, and more than ten people have died in heavy and dangerous projects. It can be said that the governor's mansion is also the product of the sweat and wisdom of the Chinese people.

architectural style

The main height of the building is 20 meters, with a total of five floors. The first floor is semi basement, the second and third floors are main office floors, and the fourth and fifth floors are auxiliary office floors. The building is located in the middle of the south of the building. It is a large and spacious arched stone gate. There are two granite steps outside, a total of 33 steps. There is a car road between the two steps. Up the stairs, the entrance door is the porch of the building, that is, the second floor corridor of the building. The hall of the building is spacious and tall, with giant chandeliers hanging on the top, which is very gorgeous. In the center of the building is a typical German Style Copper handrail, granite stone staircase, connecting the gate (second floor) and the third floor. In addition, there are stone stairs on the East and west sides of the building, connecting the first floor and the fifth floor. At the inner corner of the first floor corridor, there are small doors leading to the inner courtyard. From the second floor along the central staircase to the third floor, the first thing you can see is the conference hall on the third floor. The hall is spacious, bright and elegant. It is a place for important meetings of successive regimes. On the afternoon of December 10, 1922, one hour before the ceremony of China's taking over Qingdao, the last meeting of the handover representatives of China and Japan was held here. The second and third floors of the building are the main office areas. The office is tall, spacious and bright. There is a spacious veranda outside the window, and a convenient door is connected with the veranda. People can take a walk on the veranda in their spare time and look at the sea. The office is decorated with dark wall panel and wooden floor, which is elegant and simple. The first floor, the fourth floor and the fifth floor are auxiliary office floors. The office conditions are slightly worse than the main office floor. There is no balcony, the windows are narrow and the light is dark. All offices in the building are on the sunny side, and the shady part is the inner corridor, stairs and health service facilities.

geographical position

The building of the governor's mansion faces the Qingdao Bay with the sea view on its back and faces the South with the mountains on its back. A square square garden was built in front of the building, with trees and flowers planted everywhere. From the south side of the square down the stone steps is the spacious Qingdao Road. On the seashore at the south end of Qingdao Road, there is a semicircular garden protruding into the sea. In the past, yeshike Memorial, a landmark building of German occupation of Qingdao, was built in the garden. It is a white tower building of European style built in 1903 in memory of yeshike, the governor of jiaoao who died in Qingdao. In 1914, after Japan occupied Qingdao instead of Germany, it was changed into a monument to the Japanese occupation of Qingdao. After China took back Qingdao in 1922, it became China's reception of Qingdao monument. After Japan occupied Qingdao again in 1938, it was changed into a memorial to the Great East Asian jihad. After the surrender of Japan in 1945, the Kuomintang Qingdao municipal government changed it into a monument to Yamagata Chongguang. A small building is endowed with such a rich historical and cultural connotation, which is rare in Qingdao. The monument was demolished in 1966.

Guanhaishan, governor's house, Qingdao Road and yeshike stele form a complete central axis. On the line, Guanhai Road, Yishui Road, Dexian Road, Hunan Road, Guangxi Road and Taiping Road have been built, and a large number of high-grade residential buildings, hotels and public buildings have been built. The most famous ones are the German Jiao'ao high court in the south of the governor's office, the German Grand Hotel in Qingdao in the west of Qingdao Road, the Dehua bank building in the east of Qingdao Road, and the Jiaoji Railway mine The company has formed jiaoao central administrative region with the governor's office as the center.

Historical changes

After the completion of the governor's office, it became the highest authority of Germany in Qingdao. Since 1906, when the German authorities came into operation and surrendered in 1914, there have been governors such as Wang ranmeilong, thorber and Waldek in the same office. As the jurisdiction of Qingdao leased land belongs to the German naval ministry, the successive governors of jiaoao are all German naval generals. In addition to being in charge of administration, the governor of jiaoao also served as the supreme commander of the German army in Qingdao, and had the power to supervise Shandong railway company, Shandong mining company, jiaoao imperial court, etc., which showed that Germany attached great importance to Qingdao as an overseas leased land. In November 1914, the German army in Qingdao was defeated and surrendered, and Japan occupied Qingdao instead of Germany. Under the order of the emperor of Japan, he announced the implementation of military control (military administration) in Qingdao and the establishment of the headquarters of the Japanese Qingdao garrison, which is the highest governing body in Qingdao. The headquarters is located in the former jiaoao governor's office. The first commander was Japanese Army lieutenant general (later promoted to senior general) Shinzo Guangchen, who directed the attack on the island. His successors include many Japanese generals, such as yoshikuzo Otani and yubixiangwei. In 1917, in order to occupy Qingdao for a long time, Japan abolished the military administration department and set up the Ministry of civil affairs. It also worked in the former governor's mansion and remained under the control of the commander of the garrison.

On December 10, 1922, the Chinese government officially regained the sovereignty of Qingdao. At 11 am, representatives of China and Japan held their last meeting at the former governor's office. At 12 noon, the Qingdao sovereignty reception ceremony was officially held in the square in front of the gate of governor Yan's mansion. Chinese representatives Wang Zhengting, Xiong Bingqi and Japanese representatives Yu biguanweimaojia attended the handover ceremony. Amid the cheers of tens of thousands of citizens and Chinese and foreign guests, the Japanese national flag fell, and the five color flag of the Republic of China slowly rose and fluttered high on the top of the mansion. Qingdao, which had been occupied by Germany and Japan for 25 years, finally returned to its motherland. The governor's office witnessed this important event.

After the Chinese government took back Qingdao, it set up jiaoao commercial port supervision office, which was directly under the central government. The first governor was Xiong Bingqi, governor of Shandong Province. Later, Gao Enhong, Wang Hanzhang (agent) and Wen Shude were the supervisors of jiaoao. In 1925, the Fengxi warlord zhang Zongchang seized the territory of Shandong Province. In July, without authorization, the jiaoao commercial port supervision office directly under the central government was downgraded to jiaoao commercial port Bureau, and the general office was set up under the Shandong provincial office. Zhao Qi, a fellow of Yexian County, was appointed as the general office, and the building became the office of jiaoao commercial port Bureau. During Zhao Qi's term of office, Japan invaded Shandong twice in 1927 and 1928, creating "Jinan Massacre"“

Chinese PinYin : Jiao Ao Zong Du Fu Jiu Zhi