Shimen County

Shimen County

Shimen, belonging to Changde City, Hunan Province, is the gateway of Northwest Hunan Province. The terrain presents the shape of bent gourd, and the terrain inclines from west to Southeast. There are 236 rivers across the whole area. The annual average temperature is 16.7 ℃.

It is a county with large mineral resources in Hunan Province. It has the highest reserves of Realgar in the world, silica placer and phosphorite in Asia. Shimen County covers an area of 3973 square kilometers with a total population of 700000. The urban area of the county is 172 square kilometers with a population of 206 000.

Residents of Tujia, Hui, Miao and other 16 ethnic minorities, is a county inhabited by ethnic minorities. Historically, it was the central area under the rule of Tianping chieftain. The Tujia nationality accounted for 51% of the total population of the county.

Shimen is "the hometown of Chinese famous tea", "the hometown of Chinese tea Zen" and "the national green tea export base county"

"The hometown of Citrus in China", "the first county of precocious tangerine in China"

It is also a "strong tourism County in Hunan Province"

The national main function area (national key ecological function area) construction pilot county.

In December 2019, it will become a pilot unit for the construction of national rural governance system.

Historical evolution

Shimen County has a history of more than 1400 years since it was established in the northern and Southern Dynasties. In ancient times, the county seat was located in Jingchu County, where the Qin Dynasty was subordinate to Cigu County, Qianzhong County; in Han Dynasty, it belonged to Lingyang County, Wuling County; in the sixth year of Wu Yong'an of the Three Kingdoms, it was subordinate to Tianmen County; in Jin Dynasty, it belonged to Liyang County, Tianmen County; in the northern and Southern Dynasties, Tianmen county was moved from Dayong county to Shimen County; in the second year of Yongan of emperor Chen Wu, Tianmen county was replaced by Shimen County after Xiaocha of Houliang County; in the ninth year of kaihuang of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty, Shimen County was replaced by Shimen County under the jurisdiction of Lizhou Since then, although the membership has changed, the name of the county has not changed.

Origin of county name

There are three legends about the name of Shimen County: one is that two rock walls stand like a gate two miles to the east of the county; the other is that yanglinggang and the stone mountain near Xinjiekou three miles to the west of the county face each other across the river like a gate; the third is that there is a rock Gate 15 miles to the east of the county. Although the directions and distances of the three are different, they all come from the topographic features.

According to the explanation of Jinxian County: "Yudi Guangji: in the Wu Dynasty, there were stone caves in Songliang mountain, Chongxian County, Wuling County, with a width of tens of feet. It was called Tianmen. Sun Xiu thought it was good and auspicious, and set Tianmen County here. In the Sui Dynasty, it was abandoned and set Shimen County. In the west of the county, there is Shimen mountain."

In 1996, Shimen County covers an area of 3973 square kilometers and has a population of about 682000. It has jurisdiction over 10 towns and 9 townships: Chujiang Town, Jiashan Town, Zaoshi Town, yijiadu Town, Nanbei Town, Hupingshan Town, Weixin Town, Xinguan Town, Mengquan Town, Moshi Town, Erdu Township, Sansheng Township, Ziliang Township, Taipingjie Township, Baiyun Township, Luoping Township, Suojie Township, Yanchi Township and Xinpu township.

According to the fifth census in 2000, there are 673435 permanent residents in Shimen County, including 48299 in Chujiang Town, 62934 in Mengquan Town, 47713 in Jiashan Town, 39682 in yijiadu Town, 24608 in Xinguan Town, 31032 in Zaoshi Town, 42944 in Weixin Town, 31574 in Taiping Town, 37220 in Moshi Town, 30286 in Hupingshan Town, 8654 in Nanbei Town, 42722 in Erdu Township, 32718 in Xinpu Township, and 8654 in Baiyun town There are 34066 people in Sansheng Township, 40443 people in Sansheng Township, 27895 people in Ziliang Township, 30634 people in Suojie Township, 32536 people in Yanchi Township, 15814 people in Luoping Township, 4228 people in Xiuping horticultural farm, 3278 people in Longfeng horticultural farm and 4155 people in Dongshanfeng farm.

In 2002, Shimen County had jurisdiction over 11 towns, 8 townships, 42 neighborhood committees and 732 village committees.

At the end of 2004, the total population of Shimen County was 692904. It has jurisdiction over 11 towns and 8 townships: Chujiang Town, Mengquan Town, Jiashan Town, yijiadu Town, Xinguan Town, Zaoshi Town, Weixin Town, Taiping Town, Moshi Town, Hupingshan Town, Nanbei Town, Erdu Township, Xinpu Township, Baiyun Township, Sansheng Township, Ziliang Township, Suojie Township, Yanchi Township and Luoping township.

According to the sixth census in 2010, the total resident population of Shimen County is 599287, including 109522 in Chujiang Town, 62636 in Mengquan Town, 43154 in Jiashan Town, 29562 in yijiadu Town, 19056 in Xinguan Town, 20369 in Zaoshi Town, 17403 in Weixin Town, 24668 in Taiping Town, 28146 in Moshi Town, 25947 in Hupingshan Town, 6847 in Nanbei Town, 27770 in Erdu Township, 25802 in Xinpu Township and 6847 in Baiyun town There are 27821 people in Sansheng Township, 34094 people in Sansheng Township, 22164 people in Ziliang Township, 23877 people in Suojie Township, 24719 people in Yanchi Township, 13806 people in Luoping Township, 3613 people in Xiuping horticultural farm, 4768 people in Dongshanfeng farm, 1311 people in Datong mountain forest farm, 593 people in Baiyun Mountain forest farm, 620 people in Luopu Temple Forest Farm and 1019 people in Jiashan management office.

In September 2015, the pilot implementation plan of Hunan Provincial Department of land and resources to promote the economic system reform of counties directly under the provincial government was issued. According to the plan, Shimen County has become a pilot county (city) of economic system reform directly under the jurisdiction of Hunan Province of land and resources.

On March 6, 2019, the Central Propaganda Department, the Ministry of finance, the Ministry of culture and tourism, and the State Administration of cultural relics announced the list of counties for the protection and utilization of revolutionary cultural relics (the first batch), in which Shimen County was included

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administrative division

Shimen County has 10 towns, 7 townships, 5 farms and 4 streets: Mengquan Town, Jiashan Town, yijiadu Town, Xinguan Town, Zaoshi Town, Weixin Town, Taiping Town, Moshi Town, Hupingshan Town, Nanbei Town, Luoping Township, Yanchi Township, Xinpu Township, Baiyun Township, Sansheng Township, Ziliang Township, Suojie Township, Longfeng horticultural farm, Datong mountain forest farm, Xiuping horticultural farm, Dongshanfeng farm and Luoping town Pusi forest farm, Chujiang street, Erdu street, Baofeng street, Yongxing street.

On the morning of April 26, 2016, Baiyun Town, Shimen County, Hunan Province held the unveiling ceremony of "withdrawing the township to build a town". According to the notice of administrative division adjustment (No. 6) of Hunan Province in 2015, Baiyun town was abolished and established as Baiyun Town, and the Administrative Region of Baiyun town was the original administrative region of Baiyun town.

In February 2017, Xinpu, Ziliang and other townships in Shimen County will abolish the township system and establish towns on the basis of their original administrative regions.

geographical environment

Location context

Shimen is located between 110 ° 29 '- 111 ° 33'e and 29 ° 16' - 30 ° 08'n.

It is located in the northwest of Hunan Province, on the border of Hunan and Hubei, connecting Lixian and linli in the East, Cili, Taoyuan in the south, Sangzhi and Hefeng in the west, Wufeng and Songzi in the north.

topographic features

The topography of Shimen is shaped like a gourd. The terrain inclines from west to Southeast. In the northwest, the mountains are emerald, and in the southeast, the hills are crisscross. The lowest part of the land is the confluence of caijiaxi River and Lishui River, with an altitude of 42.5 meters. The highest part is the top of Huping mountain, with an altitude of 2098.7 meters. The average altitude of the whole county is about 500 meters. In the south, there are nineteen peaks, Guanguo mountain and Taifu mountain; in the middle, there are Yanzi mountain, yunluoguan mountain and Bahu mountain; in the west, there are Dongshan mountain, liangya mountain and egong mountain; in the north, there are Taiqing mountain and Huping mountain. Tuo, Jue, Dao, Li four water areas have Ziliang, Moshi, Yanchi, Erdu, yijiadu, Mengquan and other Valley plains, which are the "Gaoyu" in the whole county.

hydrology

There are 236 rivers and gullies in Shimen. There are seven rivers, Li, Jia, Tuo, Dan, Dao, Huang and Cen, which originate from or flow through the county. Tuo, Li and Dao rivers run through the north, middle and south of the county from west to East, and then enter Songzi, linli and Dongting. Juanshui runs from northwest to Southeast, about 165 kilometers long.

climate

Shimen is a transitional monsoon climate zone from mid subtropical to subtropical. The annual average temperature in the territory is 16.7 degrees, the coldest in January is 5 degrees, the hottest in July is 28.6 degrees, the annual frost free period is 282 days, the sunshine is 1646.9 hours, and the annual average rainfall is 1540 mm.

Population nationality

At the end of 2017, the total number of households in the county was 232419, and the registered residence population was 666920, of which 154309 were urban and 512611 rural. In the total population, there are 343603 males and 323317 females. At the end of the year, there were 601000 permanent residents, including 270400 urban residents. The urbanization rate of permanent residents was 44.99%, 2.8 percentage points higher than that at the end of the previous year.

The annual birth population is 7531, with a birth rate of 10.8 ‰; the annual death population is 3972, with a death rate of 5.71 ‰; the annual natural growth population is 3559, with a natural growth rate of 5.09 ‰

In addition to the Han nationality, Tujia nationality accounts for 50.9% of the population of Shimen County, and there are 15 ethnic minorities, including Bai, Hui, Miao, WA, Mongolia, Uygur, accounting for 0.13% of the population of Shimen County. Shimen was inhabited by ethnic minorities, especially Tujia. Before Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the chieftain system was strictly implemented, just as in all ethnic regions of the country, "no officials were set up, and the local officials ruled the local people.". In the 13th year of Yongzheng reign (1735), "changing the land to flow.". Results of the fourth national population census in 1990: 34462 Tujia

Chinese PinYin : Shi Men Xian