Tomb of Li Duanfen

Tomb of Li Duanfen

Located on the slope of Xiaofu, Songshan, Shuitang village, Yongle Township, Nanming District, Guiyang City, Li Duanfen's tomb is 11 meters in diameter and 2.5 meters in height. The stone inscription in front of the tomb is "the tomb of Li Gong who was granted the title of minister of rites of Guanglu.". In 1987, it was announced as a cultural relic protection unit of Guiyang city.

Li Duanfen (1833-1907), a native of Guiyang City, was named PENGYUAN. In the second year of Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty, he was a Jinshi, and successively served as a scholar of politics, Minister of punishment and Minister of rites. The supporter of the "reform movement of 1898" was exiled to Xinjiang after the failure, and was sent back to Guizhou halfway. He was the lecturer of the Jingshi school, and he wrote a Book of poetry in the garden of PENGYUAN, which is good at calligraphy.

General situation of cemetery

Li Duanfen died in his hometown Guiyang in 1907. The tomb is a round mound tomb with a diameter of 10.4 meters and a height of 1.9 meters. The tombstone is made of red cotton stone. It is 2.05 meters high, 0.93 meters wide and 0.22 meters thick. It is used to support the tombstone. Unfortunately, the head has been destroyed and only the body remains. Yin engraved running script: it was granted to the Minister of rites of Guanglu, the official of Li Gong. It was the tomb of the prince of Fuyuan in the first year of Xuantong. On the grain day of February, the year of Xuantong, it was worshiped by male Baozhong, sun Xingliang, Xinliang and Zhiliang. The tombstone has an eaves cover, and on the left and right sides there are inscriptions of running script stone column couplets: "cangsongcuibai Millennium town, zhishuirenshan ancient city".

In May 1987, Guiyang Municipal Cultural Management Commission listed the tomb as a municipal cultural relics protection unit. Li Duanfen witnessed the whole process of the "reform movement of 1898" in the late Qing Dynasty. He played an important role in the history of modern Chinese education, and his cemetery is of great significance.

Profile

Li Duan Fen (1833-1907), whose name is Peng Yuan, was born in Guizhu (now Guiyang) of Guizhou Province. He lost his father when he was young and depended on his mother. He was brought up by his uncle Li Chaoyi. At the age of 20, he was a disciple of doctor bu. At the age of 29, he was a Jinshi. He entered the Imperial Academy and selected a good scholar. He was awarded editor and promoted to a cabinet bachelor. He was highly valued by the scholars of the University and the minister Luo dunyan. Because of literature, he was known by the Tongzhi and Guangxu dynasties of the Qing Dynasty. He successively served as the chief examiner of the provincial examinations in Shanxi, Guangdong, Shandong and other provinces, and vice president of the national examination. In 1889, when he was in charge of the Guangdong Provincial examination, he admired Liang Qichao, who was only 17 years old. He betrothed his cousin Li Huixian to Liang and formed a close relationship with him as a doctor and uncle. He also had an indissoluble bond with the reform movement of 1898. Later, he moved to serve as Minister of the Ministry of punishment, Minister of the Ministry of industry and governor of cangchang. In May of 1896, Li Duanfen published a book entitled "please promote schools" and proposed to reform the educational system throughout the country. He also proposed to reform the old-fashioned academies specializing in textual research, poetry and calligraphy. He set up new schools all over the country, Beijing Normal University in the capital, and schools at all levels in all provinces In addition, it is suggested to set up a library, an instrument Institute, a translation office and a Guangli newspaper office to send overseas students to study abroad. Li Duanfen's request was immediately approved by the premier's Yamen and approved by Emperor Guangxu. It was put into practice one by one two years later. It made great contributions to the founding of Peking University, the predecessor of Peking University, and thus sounded the death knell of the feudal education system and opened the prelude to the transformation to modern education.

After Li Duan Fen became a politician, he dared to reform and fight against the die hards. His reform thought also influenced and enlightened the Guizhou people who lived in the capital. In 1895, when Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao launched the famous "Gongche Shangshu", Guizhou people took part in it one after another. Among the existing 603 people, there were 96 people in Guizhou, accounting for almost one sixth.

In 1898, before the reform movement of 1898, Li Duanfen secretly recommended Kang Youwei and Tan Sitong to the emperor of Guangxu, calling them "worthy of great use". During the reform, Li Duanfen actively participated in the reform. Liang Qichao said that at that time, "there was only one person who spoke of new policies by ministers of two or more grades". This person refers to Li Duanfen. Emperor Guangxu promoted him to minister of rites and vigorously promoted the new policy.

The "Hundred Days Reform Movement" was defeated by the conservative faction led by Empress Dowager Cixi. Emperor Guangxu was under house arrest. Li Duanfen, who served as Minister of rites for two and a half months, was dismissed and exiled to Xinjiang, and the middle way was detained in Ganzhou. In 1901, he returned to Guiyang.

In the second year after Li Duanfen returned to his native place, the governor of Guizhou hired him to preside over the lecture of Guizhou Jingshi school. At that time, the school appeared not long ago in Guizhou, and still maintained the monthly class system of the Academy. Li Duanfen felt that although the reform failed, but "the budding new deal should be carried out", he had the responsibility to act as a disseminator of western new learning, so he took it as his duty to reward the backward and open up the atmosphere of Guizhou. In his monthly class, he expounded the western thoughts of civil rights and freedom with the propositions of Rousseau's theory and Bacon's theory, and compared Rousseau with Confucius and Mencius in China. The students have never heard of it. He explained patiently and circulated the Xinmin series edited by Liang Qichao to the students. Apart from lectures, he also gathered students to give lectures at his private house in wangjiaxiang (today's yonglie Road) in Guiyang, introducing western academic thoughts, such as Montesquieu's theory of three powers, Darwin's theory of evolution, Huxley's theory of Tianyan, etc. Li Duanfen was the first person to spread western bourgeois democratic thoughts to Guiyang people in the late Qing Dynasty. Li Duanfen's behavior was slandered by the conservative literati in Guiyang at that time. Less than a year later, he left Jingshi school.

At the end of the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), he combined with gentry Yu Dekai, Tang eryong, Ren Kecheng, Hua Zhihong, etc. to move Guiyang Fu middle school, which was originally set up in north academy, to xueya cave and change it into Guiyang middle school. In 1906, this school was renamed Tongsheng public secondary school. In 1908, the school moved to the new site of the River Temple, which is the predecessor of today's Guiyang No.1 middle school. When he was over the age of rare and rare, he had a hard time. Sometimes he was helped to inspect the schools in Guiyang, and he tried his best to donate money to help.

On November 17, 1907, Li Duanfen died in Guiyang at the age of 75. He had no son of his own, so he took his son from his younger brother to Baozhong, and his stepson Li Baozhong buried him at daguankou in Guiyang.

Li Duan Fen left a volume of the collection of poems in PENGYUAN, which was published in the fifth issue of Guiyang literature collection in 1949. This collection collects more than 100 poems, mainly written in the years after the failure of the reform movement of 1898. A few of them are old works, which are provided by his cousin he Linshu. These poems are all seven character poems, most of which are works of expressing feelings, chanting things, recording events and repaying. They are the portrayal of his life in the last few years of his life. After the failure of the reform movement of 1898, he went through all the ups and downs, but his political thought still tended to reform.

Address: banfushang, Songshan, daguankou, Shuitang village, Yongle Township, Nanming District, Guiyang City

Longitude: 106.83860030688

Latitude: 26.613919681935

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Chinese PinYin : Li Duan Fen Mu