ziyang academy

ziyang academy

Ziyang academy, located more than 200 meters north of Zhujia village, Xiushui Township, is a rectangular courtyard with three parts: front building, middle hall and upper room. On both sides of the central axis, there are wing rooms and apartments with two-story building structure.

Ziyang academy, with 34 upper and lower floors, covers an area of 1716 square meters. It was built in the early 1940s as the ancestral hall of Zhu family in Xiushui, with the construction characteristics of Chinese and Western walls.

Brief introduction to the Academy

Ziyang academy, one of the famous academies in China, is located in Shexian County, Huizhou. Han Bu, the prefect of Ziyang academy, was first built in 1246, the sixth year of the Southern Song Dynasty. It was first built at the foot of Ziyang mountain outside the South Gate of Huizhou. Emperor LiZong inscribed the plaque of "Ziyang academy". The main purpose of Ziyang academy is to offer sacrifices to Zhu Xi and publicize Zhu Xi's Neo Confucianism. From the Yuan Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, he moved to Nanmen, and in 1315, he moved to Nanmen and was destroyed by soldiers.

At the beginning of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, it was rebuilt in Shexian county.

Reconstruction period

In 1512, Sheriff Xiong GUI rebuilt Ziyang academy and became a bishop himself. In the fourteenth year of Zhengde, Sheriff Zhang Qin built another Academy in Ziyang mountain. Since then, there were two Ziyang academies in Shexian County, which were famous for giving lectures. At the end of Ming Dynasty, four academies were destroyed, and two academies were neglected, In 1790, Cao Wenyi and Bao Zhidao, who lived in Sheren County, built "guziyang academy" in Zhuwen temple, Yao Nai of Tongcheng once gave lectures here. During the reign of Tongzhi in Xianfeng, both academies were destroyed by soldiers. Later, the planning and Engineering Bureau appropriated funds to rebuild the ancient Ziyang academy and changed it into a scholar's Academy. In 1907, Ziyang normal school was set up here. Since then, there have been schools in the former sites of the academies.

In history, many academies named Ziyang were distributed in Huizhou, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Zhangzhou and Hankou. "Ziyang" is the name of Zhu Xi, a great master of Neo Confucianism. Most of his academies are named after him to commemorate him and respect Neo Confucianism. Among the many "Ziyang academies", Ziyang academies in Huizhou, Suzhou and Hangzhou are the most famous.

Related allusions

Huizhou is the birthplace of Zhu Xi. Before his death, he twice went back to Huizhou to visit his ancestors and give lectures. In 1245, Han Bu, the sheriff, founded the Academy at the foot of Ziyang mountain outside the South Gate of Fucheng. Soon after, he got the plaque of "Ziyang academy" given by Emperor LiZong. The academy and the ancestral hall for sacrificing Zhu Zi were integrated into one, becoming an important local town for promoting Neo Confucianism, which laid the foundation for the style of study in Huizhou. From the Yuan Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, the Academy moved to the South Gate of Fucheng, and then to the South Gate in 1315. At the turn of Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, the building was destroyed by fire. It was not rebuilt until 1368. Later, it was moved to Shexian County Xueyou shepu. However, the imperial court was making great efforts to develop official schools and restrain the development of local academies. Therefore, the scale of Ziyang Academy was limited. It was mainly used to worship Zhuzi.

In 1519, the magistrate Zhang Qin built another Academy in the original Ziyang mountain. Since then, there have been two academies of the same name in Huizhou. However, at the end of the Ming Dynasty, the imperial court destroyed the academies three times, and the two academies were abandoned. After entering the Qing Dynasty, Ziyang, Yuelu and Bailudong were given the plaque of "learning to reach nature" by Emperor Kangxi, and then Emperor Qianlong granted the plaque of "Dao Mai Xin Zhuan" to praise the contribution of the Academy in inheriting Cheng Zhu Neo Confucianism.

In 1790, Cao Wenyi, who was born in Shexian county and was then the Minister of the Ministry of household affairs, also rebuilt the Academy at the former site of Wengong temple, named "ancient Ziyang academy". Yao Nai of Tongcheng once gave a lecture here. His theory of "Yi Li", which is the unity of "Yi Li", "Ci Zhang" and "textual research", is the Yi Li of Cheng Zhu Neo Confucianism.

After Qian and Jia dynasties, although Huizhou was an important place for learning, Ziyang academy, with the purpose of offering sacrifices to Zhu Zi and promoting Zhu Xi's Neo Confucianism thought, took the academic rules of Bailudong academy as the outline, read Zhu Zi's books, spread Wengong's teaching, and preached morality, continued the academic pulse of Cheng and Zhu.

The origin of the building

Ziyang academy, in Wuyishan five hidden screen peak. It was first built in the 10th year of Chunxi of Song Dynasty (1183) and called Wuyi jingshe. It was expanded in the last years of Southern Song Dynasty and called Ziyang Academy. It was renamed Zhuwen temple in Zhengtong of Ming Dynasty. Zhu Xi, a neo Confucianist of the Song Dynasty, gave lectures here for ten years. At the beginning, there were Renzhi hall, yinqiuzhai, Hanqi hall, wandui Pavilion, Tiedi Pavilion and other buildings. At present, there are only part of the buildings of lodging room and seclusion room. On the stone walls of the Academy, there are many poems written by Zhu Xi and Chen Sheng.

Wuyi jingshe, located at the foot of Yinping mountain in Wuyi Mountain, was an academy built by Zhu Xi in 1183. This is a large building in Wuyi Mountain, known as "the Grand View of Wuyi". The origin of building Wuyi jingshe can be traced back to the fifth year of Chunxi (1178). In the early autumn of this year, when Zhu Xi, his brother-in-law Liu Yanji and hermit Liu Fu visited Wuyi, they saw the Jiuqu River winding and the clouds flowing under the hidden screen peak. They suddenly felt fresh and fresh. Therefore, they sprouted the idea of "paying close attention to this mountain" and "immortal's long-term mutual move, giving me Huang Su Shu and Shuang Qiongyao as gifts. When will Mao CI build the house, and from then on, they will send off the chaos".

After several years of painstaking fund-raising and operation, jingshe finally started construction in the 10th year of Chunxi reign (1183), when it began to take shape. According to Zhu Xi's Wu Yi Jing she Za Yong Shi, its layout is roughly like this: under the Yin Ping peak, between the two foothills, there are three houses, named Ren Zhi Tang. There are two bedrooms on the left and right side of the hall. On the left side is the private room, and on the right side is the room for receiving friends, called zhisuliao. Outside the left foot, there is a deep mountain dock, which is called Shimen dock. There is a row of houses in the dock. As a place for scholars to live together, it is called guanshanzhai.

To the west of Shimen, there is another house for Daoliu to live in, which is called Hanqi hall. Before Guanshan Zhai, there are two pavilions, the evening Pavilion and the iron flute Pavilion. Outside Hanqi hall, there is a fence to cut off the gap between the two foothills. In the middle of the fence is a firewood gate with a horizontal plaque of Wuyi jingshe. Jingshe is just finished. Zhu Xi gathered Han Yuanji, the magistrate of Jianning, and Yuan Shu, a famous historian and native of Jian'an (now Jianyang County in Fujian Province), to celebrate.

Congratulations from the ancients

Han Yuanji wrote Wuyi jingshe Ji. Yuan Shu's congratulatory poem (Volume 10 of Wuyi Mountain records by Dong Tiangong in the Qing Dynasty) said:

Originally from the mountains, I came back to be friends in the mountains.

How can he grow old with lotus? He will always work together.

Floating clouds suddenly appear on the hill, skin inch nine.

This ambition can't be measured, after thousands of years.

Lu You, a poet, also sent a congratulatory letter and sent four congratulatory poems. Two of them are:

Mr. Jie house edge rock edge, read easy to hang know repeatedly Jue Bian.

Don't use Zhi to frighten the secular world, for fear that people will slander Tao as an immortal.

There are thirty-six mountains like song, and the water like Qiong.

I always have to look around, half of the white clouds are willing to share.

Preface to literary poetry

After the completion of jingshe, Zhu Xi wrote twelve Miscellaneous Poems of jingshe with joy, and wrote a preface to record its grand occasion. After that, he collected many disciples, wrote books and lectures for five years, and cultivated a large number of students.

Zhu Xi's Neo Confucianism spread and formed a powerful and influential school. At that time, some famous scholars such as Cai Yuanding, Liu Huolun, Huang Gan, Zhan Tiren, Zhen Dexiu, Li HongZu and ye Weiwei all studied in Wuyi jingshe.

Later, a group of famous Neo Confucianists built rooms in Wuyishan and Jiuqu River, read books and gave lectures. Some of them also took "inheriting the records and preaching" as their own duty. For example, Liu Huolun's "Yunzhuang Shanfang", Cai Shen's "Nanshan Shutang", Cai Hang's "yongxue Tang", Xu Ji's "Jingke Shutang", Xiong he's "Hongyuan Shutang" appeared in Wuyi successively. Therefore, Wuyi Mountain has become a famous mountain in the southeast of the motherland in the Southern Song Dynasty, which is called "Daonan Li cave" by later generations.

After the death of Zhu Xi, Wuyi jingshe was attached great importance to by feudal rulers and was built in all dynasties. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, after expansion, it was transformed into Ziyang academy, which was allocated to Gongtian by the government to support scholars. After that, it was not until 1448 that it was changed to Zhu Wengong temple to worship Zhu Xi's God, and Huang Gan, Cai Yuanding, Liu Huolun and Zhen Dexiu were sacrificed.

In the 13th year of Zhengde (1518) of the Ming Dynasty, the governor Zhou Yanqing, the military censor and Xiao Qianyuan jointly ordered the county magistrate Wang He to repair the site. The site was more than 100 Zhang long and surrounded by walls. In front of the archway, the plaque is engraved with "Wuyi academy". Along the archway, there are five buildings called Gaoming building. There are also five buildings in the main hall, and there are six rooms in each of the two verandahs. All the buildings are elegant and magnificent, and one hundred mu of farmland was used for sacrificial service and repair expenses. Next to them, several houses were built, and the descendants of Zhu Zi were chosen to live in the world.

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, when shaosima Chensheng lived in Wuyi yunwo, he also repaired Wuyi Academy. Here is an interesting story. It is said that the Academy was in decline at that time. A scholar wrote a poem in the wall saying: "Ziyang academy is against Qingbo, breaking the wall and half the broken stele. I love the pavilion and pavilion next to each other, and the painting column and the Zhugong are the cloud nest. " It implies that Ziyang academy is far less than the cloud nest of Zhugong in the painting column where Chen lived. When Chen saw the poem, he said with a smile, "it's his inspiration." That is to say, the Jiugong renovated Ziyang Academy.

At the end of Chongzhen period in the Ming Dynasty (1574), Chen Huangmen donated money to repair it. The 16th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty

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