Qiantang River

Qiantang River

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Science Encyclopedia

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Qiantang River, known as Zhejiang in ancient times, is also known as "Zhe Jiang", "Zhi Jiang" and "Luo Cha Jiang". Generally, the Fuyang section of Zhejiang Province is called Fuchun River, and the Hangzhou section of the lower reaches of Zhejiang Province is called Qiantang River

. The Qiantang River was first named in the classic of mountains and seas. It was named after its flow through ancient Qiantang county (now Hangzhou)

It is one of the main birthplaces of Wu Yue culture.

Qiantang River is the largest river in Zhejiang Province. It is the source of the name of Liangzhe road in Song Dynasty and Zhejiang Province in early Ming Dynasty. It is 588.73 km from Xin'an River in the north and 522.22 km from majinxi in the upper reaches of Qujiang River in the south. From the source, it flows through the southern part of Anhui Province and Zhejiang Province, with a drainage area of 55058 square kilometers

It flows into the East China Sea through Hangzhou Bay.

Qiantang River tide, known as "the first tide in the world", is a natural wonder in the world. It is caused by the centrifugal effect of celestial gravity and earth rotation, and the special topography of the bell mouth of Hangzhou Bay.

Source of river

The first to put forward the source of Qiantang River is "Hanshu · geography annals", which briefly puts forward that "water comes out of nanmanzhong of Yi County in Danyang" in Zhejiang Province. The geographical records of the later Han Dynasty also put forward that "Zhejiang province comes out of Shexian". Li Daoyuan, a geographer in the Northern Wei Dynasty, affirmed the statement in the Hanshu. Since then, people have always regarded the upper reaches of Xin'an River as the source of Qiantang River.

In the 1930s, after field investigation, geographers believed that the Qiantang River originated from majinxi, Kaihua County, at the junction of Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces.

In the 1950s, the Qiantang River survey team, jointly organized by the Shanghai Hydropower Design Institute of the Ministry of electric power industry and the survey and Design Institute of Zhejiang Provincial Water Resources Department, carried out the survey of water conservancy and land resources in the Qiantang River Basin, and determined that the Qiantang River originated from lianhuajian at the junction of Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces.

There is such a record in the 1979 edition of Cihai: Qiantang River, formerly known as Zhejiang, is the largest river in Zhejiang Province, and its upstream originates from lianhuajian on the border of Zhejiang, Anhui and Jiangxi. In the late 1970s, some scholars and journalists once again organized the exploration of the source of the Qiantang River and put forward new opinions that the source of the Qiantang River should be located in the Longxi River (that is, the Longtian River) in Longtian Township, Xiuning County, Anhui Province, that is, qingzhidaijian.

In the 1980s, Zhejiang Province organized a scientific research team to conduct in-depth field investigation on Xin'anjiang, and determined that the source of Qiantang River is Xin'anjiang, which is located at Liugujian, the main peak of Huaiyu mountain, more than 1600 meters above sea level, in Xiuning County, Anhui Province. The entrance to the sea is located in the West sanzha line from Shupu, Haiyan County, Zhejiang Province to Yuyao City on the other side, with a total length of 605 km.

In September 2010, Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of surveying, mapping and geographic information issued the notice of Zhejiang Provincial Bureau of surveying, mapping and geographic information on using the data of main river length, basin area and main lake area in Zhejiang Province. According to the announcement, Xinanjiang River, the source of Qiantang River to the north, is 588.73 km long, and majinxi River, the source of Qujiang River to the south, is 522.22 km long. The data should be used in administrative management, news dissemination, foreign exchange, teaching and other activities that have an impact on the public.

General situation of main stream

Each section of the Qiantang River has a different name. Starting from the birthplace, it is Dayuan river. And then, it's called Liushui. In Tunxi, Hengjiang, an important tributary in the upper reaches of Xin'an River, flows into Liushui. From Tuen River to Pukou, this river is called Jian River. In Pukou, Jianjiang River meets Lianjiang River, the second tributary of Xin'an River. In the section of Lianjiang River, there are several important three tributaries, namely, fengle River, fuzishui River and yangzhishui river. After the confluence of Pukou and Jianjiang, Lianjiang River flows into Qiandao Lake and flows down. Then he fell out of the dam and arrived in Zhejiang Province. He came to Jiande, first called Xin'anjiang, and then Fuchunjiang after entering Tonglu County. At wenjiayan in Hangzhou, the river is also called Qiantang River. Then it flows into the East China Sea.

Beiyuan Xin'anjiang

Xin'an River originates from the east slope of Liugujian in Xiuning County of ancient Huizhou. Its source is 1350 meters above sea level and flows nearly 20 kilometers to the north. The left river is called Dayuan after Longxi, and the Northeast river is about 17 kilometers. The right river is called Liushui after receiving the small source. In Xiuning County, youna Yiyuan, Xinling water and branching water are called Jianjiang River after Zuohui Hengjiang River in Tunxi, 21 km northeast to Pukou, and Xinanjiang River is called after Lianjiang River, the largest tributary of Xinanjiang River in Zuona. From then on, it turns to the East, along Zuohui mianxi, Changyuan, Dazhou yuan; Youhui Jieyuan River, near JIEKOU, enters Zhejiang Province and continues to flow southeast, passing Chunan and Jiande counties, zuonayunyuan port, Dongyuan port, younayuchuan (guocunxi), Wuqiangxi, Fenglin port, Tongguan Gorge (the Xin'anjiang reservoir dam is built here, and the backwater of the reservoir can be traced back to Shendu in Anhui), and then to the right Nashou Changjiang River, flowing to the east of Meicheng, is called Fuchun River when it joins with Lanjiang River.

Xin'anjiang is a perennial river of mountain stream, with less sediment content and clear bottom. Before the construction of Xin'anjiang hydropower station, the riverbed gradient was large and there were many canyons and dangerous beaches along the river. After the completion of the power station, an area of 580 square kilometers of Xin'anjiang reservoir (also known as Qiandao Lake) will be formed below zijintan. After the completion of Fuchunjiang Hydropower Station, the backwater of Fuchunjiang Reservoir has reached Yangxi. The water level in Meicheng is between 22 and 23.5m. The torrent below zijintan has disappeared, and the 50t freighter and 200 passenger ship can reach Baisha from Meicheng. The flood is controlled by the regulation and storage of Xin'anjiang hydropower station, and the maximum flow is 13200 m3 / s.

The main stream is 359 kilometers long, with a drainage area of 11674 square kilometers. Among them, there are 6025 square kilometers in Anhui Province and 5645 square kilometers in Zhejiang Province, and 4 square kilometers in Jiangxi Province. The average annual discharge in Anhui Province is 166 m3 / s. The total natural fall is 1240m. The theoretical water energy reserve is 552000 kW.

Main tributaries of Xin'an River: shouchang River, Dongyuan River, fengle River, Wuqiang River, Changxi River, Xiuning River, etc.

Nanyuan majinxi

Majinxi, the upper source of the Lanjiang River, originates from the north slope of qingzhidaijian, Anhui Province, with an altitude of 810 meters. After confluence, it is called Longtian stream. It flows into Zhejiang Province in the southeast, called Qi stream. Right confluence comes from Zuoxi in lianhuajian. Right confluence comes to Majin town. Right confluence of Hetian stream is called Majin stream. It turns to the southwest. Left confluence of cuntou, Jincun, youhuizhong village and chihuai stream is called Changshan port. Then go down to Longshan River on the right, and then to Changshan County on the left. From near the county seat, Changshan port discharges in the east-west direction, right Huilong around, Nanmen, left huihongqiao, Fangcun Zhuxi, to Shuanggang in the southwest suburb of Quxian County, and right huijiangshan port is later called Qujiang. Qujiang River flows down along the northeast and East, and receives many tributaries. It is a pinnate water system. The larger ones are Wuxi River and Lingshan port on the right bank, tongshanyuan, Zhixi, Tashi River on the left bank, magongtan in the southern suburb of Lanxi City, and later called Lanjiang River. It flows northward from Lanxi City, right nameI River, Daxi River, left Nagan River, to Meicheng town in Jiande County, and it is called Fuchun River after converging with Beiyuan Xin'an River. The main stream is 303 kilometers long and the drainage area is 19468 square kilometers.

There is a tributary Jinhua River in Lanjiang section. The tributaries of Qujiang section include Jiangshan port, Wuxi River and Lingshan port.

Fuchun River Section

After the confluence of Xin'an River and Lan River in Meicheng, Jiande City, they flow to the northeast and descend to the reach of dongjiangzui of Puyang River Estuary, known as Fuchun River, with a length of 102 km and a drainage area of 7176 square km. Beiyuan has a total length of 461 km and a drainage area of 38317.6 square kilometers.

From the confluence of Xin'an River and Lan River in the East pass of Meicheng, the river flows from the east to the north of Meicheng to wushitan and into the gorge, and then flows to the northeast to connect with yanlingtan in Tonglu County. This section of the river is also called qililong. After leaving qililong Fuchunjiang Reservoir, the river is open and 400-700 meters wide. To Tonglu County, zuonafenshui River; to zhaixi Town, zuonaluzhu river. The topography on both sides of the river is undulating. There is a large flat land at Changkou Town, and the river near Fuyang is curved, 500-900 meters wide. Below Fuyang, the water flow bifurcates, and there are many sandbars in the river, with Tongqian sand as the largest, and the river banks and sandbars have this situation of rise and fall; then down to the Puyang River Estuary, the river channel is gradually affected by the tide, and the river width is 450-1200 meters. Fuchun River has tributaries: Fenshui River, Luzhu River and Huyuan river.

Qiantang River Section

Fuchun River is located in the north of Tonglu County, behind the Fenshui River in Zuona, downstream of Luzhu River and Xinqiao River (Amaranthus), Dayuan River and Huyuan River in the right, and the transition section from dongjiangzui to the estuary of Qiantang River. To xiaoshishan on the south side of Wenyan in Xiaoshan City, right behind napuyang River, the catchment area is 41769.1 square kilometers. Fuchun River is called Qiantang River after napuyang river near Wenyan town. Under xiaogravel mountain, the river road turns to the northwest, and Jiuxi turns to the northeast. In addition, the West Lake is a little bit, which is similar to the word "Zhi", so it is also called "Zhijiang".

The catchment area between xiaoshishan in Wenyan town and Zhakou in Hangzhou is 176 square kilometers. The main channel of Qiantang River Estuary swings frequently. After the founding of new China, the river section of more than 60 km from Zhakou to Haining Shibao has been basically stable. Near the xinsanjiang sluice in Shaoxing County on the south bank, after Cao'e River converged from the right bank, Qiantang River continued to flow northeastward to the junction of Changshan sluice in Shupu Town, Haiyan County, Yuyao and Cixi, and entered the tidal current section of Qiantang River Estuary (also known as estuary Hangzhou Bay); finally, Qiantang River flowed into the East China Sea on the connection of Luchao sluice and waiyoushan in Hangzhou Bay.

Chinese PinYin : Qian Tang Jiang