Tomb of King Qin of Ming Dynasty

Tomb of King Qin of Ming Dynasty

Located in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, the tomb of King Qin of the Ming Dynasty is the tomb of the family of King Qin fan of the 13 dynasties of the Ming Dynasty. It was announced as the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units on May 25, 2006. In 1370 A.D., Zhu Yuanzhang, the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty, established a vassal system as the king of the Qin Dynasty, and set up the Xi'an Prefecture. Because the king of Qin was the oldest and had the most military power among all the vassal kings, he was also responsible for defending the northwest frontier. "The first vassal is the leader of the suzerain League", so the Qin vassal state is called "the first vassal in the world". In 274, with the Ming Dynasty, there were 14 Ming Qin vassal mausoleums, which were unique in the Ming Dynasty and Chinese history.

brief introduction

The tomb of Zhu Xian, the king of Qin, is located on dulingyuan in the southern suburb of Xi'an, east of dafujing village, Chang'an District. Zhu Xian, the second son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, was granted the title of king of Qin in 1370 A.D. He died in 1395.

Zhu Xian's mausoleum is luxurious, but now it has disappeared. Only fragments of yellow and blue glazed tiles are scattered in front of the mausoleum, southwest of the gate, north of the Shinto Road, beside which are decorated with Chinese watches, stone carvings of Unicorn, tiger, sheep, horse, lion, human, etc.

In the following 200 years, there were 13 vassal kings, one son, 16 princesses and 38 princes who died. After their death, 68 mausoleums were scattered on Shaoling and Fengqi tableland from Mingdu in the east to Sanyao in the West. At that time, the mausoleums were magnificent, and the halls and pavilions in front of them were scattered, forming a complete Royal Cemetery.

Representative of the king of Qin

The king of Qin

Zhu Xian, the king of Qin, is the second son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty. He was granted the title of king of Qin in the third year of Hongwu. Hongwu 11 years (1378) on the fan in Xi'an, guarding Guanzhong and northwest. Because of his outstanding achievements, he was recommended as the order of the zongrenfu in 1389. In 1395, he ordered the general Ning Zheng of pingqiang to rebel against Taozhou. He was afraid to surrender to Taozhou. The Emperor gave him a very generous reward. In March of the same year, he was buried in dulingyuan, Chang'an District.

Zhu Xian's tomb is located in the northeast of dafujing village in today's duling township. It sits in the north and faces the south. It is now sealed with soil about 20 meters high and 187 meters in circumference. On both sides of the Shinto road in front of the tomb are 18 large-scale stone carvings, such as Huabiao, shichuhu, Shiyang, shiqilin, Shima, Shiren and Shishi. All of them are carved in the early Ming Dynasty with exquisite modeling and carving techniques. They are a group of exquisite stone carvings of the Ming Dynasty.

From south to north, there are two pairs of stone sculptures: eight shuttle shaped Huabiao, stone crouching tiger, stone sheep, stone Qilin, stone horse, two civil servants holding Wat in both hands and two military officers holding sword in both hands, and another pair of ferocious crouching lions crouching on both sides of the gate. The crouching beast on Huabiao has disappeared, a stone sheep and military officer have disappeared, the tombstone has disappeared, only the big turtle on the camel's stele is left, and it is incomplete. Some of the funerary tombs were excavated and destroyed by local villagers.

The hidden king of Qin Dynasty

Zhu Shangbing, the second reclusive king of Qin Dynasty, was buried 1000 meters to the east of Zhu Xian's tomb (1000 meters to the east of Du Mausoleum of Emperor Xuan of Han Dynasty)

Two of the four tombs in the southeast of Zhu Xian's tomb are Zhu Zhiyuan, the third generation king of Qin, and Zhu Zhijun, the fourth generation king of Qin.

Zhu Zhiyuan, the third generation king of Qin, was the son of the reclusive King Zhu Shangbing. He died in the 22nd year of Yongle (1424). According to "Xianning county annals · tomb annals", the tomb is next to Zhu Xian's tomb in the northeast of dafujing. According to expert analysis, it may be among the four tombs in the southeast of Zhu Xian's tomb, which can't be confirmed now.

Zhu Zhijun was the elder brother of Zhu Zhiyuan. Because Zhu Zhiyuan had no son, his elder brother was succeeded by the king of Weinan. He was in power for two years. He died in the first year of Xuande (1426) and was buried beside Zhu Xian's tomb. According to "Xianning county annals · tomb annals", the tomb is among the four tombs in the southeast of Zhuxian tomb in the northeast of dafujing, and the specific location has yet to be determined.

Other tombs of Qin king can be seen in the list

Related to the king of Qin

Ming system: after the first king of each vassal, the Shizi and the kings reached the age of two, they began to build mausoleums. Only one patio was left after they were repaired, and they were buried after they died. According to the system: each well is guarded by two battalions. Each well is a vassal mausoleum, and each village is the garrison of the mausoleum guards. Most of the princes and clans of the Ming and Qin Dynasties were buried here. Today, dafujing is the leader (now northeast of dafujing village, Weiqu Town, Chang'an District), including erfujing, sanfujing, sifujing, wufujing, jianwangjing, kangwangjing, pangliujing, shishishishizijing. A total of nine wells and Huling barracks form many villages (Dongwu village, Nanwu village, hujiazhai, Dazhao village, ganzhai, chajiazhai, Changqi village, nangaozhai, etc.). After more than 600 years of ups and downs and social changes, "well" and "village" developed into villages, and the residents were all descendants of the imperial guards. The so-called "nine wells and eighteen villages, each has its origin.". The ancients pursued the funeral system of "treating death as life". The mausoleums were magnificent, and the ground halls and pavilions formed a complete Royal Cemetery. A large number of farmers were moved to live in the mausoleum to protect the mausoleum, forming today's Jiujing eighteen villages.

Ming system: all the vassal kings "grave around 90 steps, grave height of one Zhang eight feet", and "stone man two, civil and military each one; tiger, sheep, horse, Wang Zhu each two". The existing stone carvings in the tombs of Qin fan kings all contain stone unicorns and stone lions, and there are more than one or even three pairs of stone horses, which are completely made by Yue. Fourteen tombs and more than 50 accompanying tombs are basically well preserved, with rich underground cultural relics. More than 320 pieces of cultural relics have been unearthed from the tomb of King Jian alone. They are now on display in the Shaanxi Provincial Museum, and more than 100 large-scale stone carvings on the ground are superb. Therefore, the "Fourteen tombs" in Xi'an and the "Thirteen tombs" in Beijing complement each other and form a general history of Ming Dynasty buried underground. It can be said that it is the fifth largest project for the development of Ming Tombs in Northwest China, and it is also a pilot project for the excavation and cleaning of Ming Tombs and tourism development. The mausoleum of the Ming Dynasty's fourteen vassals is close to the urban area, with Shaoling, Honggu and Fengqi plateaus in the north, Zhongnanshan in the south, gullies in the southeast, rolling hills in the southwest, and plain rivers in the southwest. Chang'an has a panoramic view of the beautiful scenery. It is really a geomantic treasure land of "ten thousand years of auspicious soil". In the Ming Dynasty, there were 15 Qin vassal kings guarding Xi'an Prefecture. On October 11, 1643, the 16th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty, Li Zicheng broke Xi'an. Zhu cunji, the 15th king of Qin Dynasty, surrendered to the uprising army after being captured. He was granted the title of general Quan by the Dashun regime, and then was taken to Beijing. Li Zicheng was defeated in Shanhaiguan. On the way back to Shaanxi, Zhu cunji was killed in Shanxi Province, and he did not know where he was buried. Therefore, there are fourteen mausoleums of Qin fan kings.

List of Qin Kings

1. Zhu Xian, king of Qin Dynasty (December 3, 1356 to April 9, 1395). The tomb is located in dafujing village, Weiqu street. 2. Zhu Shangbing (1380-1412) was buried in Dongwu village, Dazhao street. 3. The tomb of Zhu Zhifu (1403-1424) is located in dafujing village, Weiqu street. 4. The tomb of Zhu Zhijun (1403-1426) is located in dafujing village, Weiqu street. 5. Zhu Zhican, King Kang of Qin Dynasty? (1455) in kangwangjing village of Dazhao street. 6. Zhu Gongxi, King Hui of Qin Dynasty? Pangliujing village, Dazhao Street office. 7. Zhu Chengyong (1458-1498) was buried in jianwangjing village, Weiqu street. 8. Zhu Bingli, King Zhao of Qin Dynasty? -(1501) the tomb is located in dafujing village, Weiqu street. 9. The tomb of Zhu weizhuo (1500-1544) is located in dafujing village, Weiqu street. 10. Zhu huaige, King Xuan of Qin Dynasty? (1566) in sanfujing village, Weiqu Street office, and Gaowang village, accompanied by his son Zhu Jingzhen. 11. Sanfujing village, Weiqu street, where Zhu Jingrong (1541-1576) was buried; 12. Sanfujing village, Weiqu street, where Zhu Yishu (1566-1586) was buried. 13. The tomb of Zhu Yifan (1575-1618), King Su of Qin Dynasty, is located in sanfujing village, Weiqu street. 14. The tomb of Zhu cunji (1595-1639) is located in sanfujing village, Weiqu street. 15. Zhu cunji, king of Qin? ----In 1644, Li Zicheng broke Xi'an and was killed in haiziyan, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province. No posthumous title, tomb unknown. 16. Zhu Fu, king of Qin? ---In the second year of Shunzhi, he was regarded as king by sun Shoufa. In the sixth year, he was defeated and died in Ziyang river. No posthumous title, tomb site unknown.

Address: dafujing village, 36 Yanxiang Road

Longitude: 109.02024

Latitude: 34.17216

Chinese PinYin : Ming Qin Wang Mu