Zhongshan Gate

Zhongshan Gate

This entry is compiled and applied by "popular science China" Encyclopedia

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Zhongshan Gate, formerly known as Chaoyang Gate, is one of the 13 inner gates in Ming Dynasty of Nanjing Ming city wall. This gate is a passageway connecting the palace city inside the city and the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum outside the city. To the East, you can reach the outer Guo Qilin gate. It has been listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Zhongshan Gate was the Ming Dynasty Chaoyang Gate urn, because the gate is located in the east of Nanjing, the first to meet the sun and named. The urn city of Chaoyang Gate is no longer in existence. The gate of San Gong Quan was opened in the period of the Republic of China. It has been listed as a national key cultural relic protection unit.

In 1366 (the 26th year of Yuan Zhi Zheng), Zhu Yuanzhang built Chaoyang Gate when he extended Nanjing to the northeast. The city gate is a single hole ticket gate, and there is another gate outside. In 1928 (the 17th year of the Republic of China), when the national government built Zhongshan Avenue to welcome the coffin of Sun Yat Sen who came down from Beiping, it demolished the original urn of Chaoyang Gate, built three hole arched brick gate, and inlaid the inscription "Zhongshan Gate" on the gate hole, and built the avenue from Zhongshan wharf to Zhongshan Mausoleum.

When the Anti Japanese war broke out, the Chinese garrison launched a fierce Nanjing defense war here. The Japanese invaders invaded Nanjing city from Zhonghua Gate, Guanghua gate and Zhongshan Gate. In 1996, Zhongshan Gate of Nanjing became the entrance of Shanghai Nanjing Expressway into Nanjing City, and Jinling outside the gate became one of the main symbols of Nanjing city.

In January 1988, the entire section of the Ming Dynasty city wall in Nanjing was recognized as a national key cultural relic protection unit. In November 2012, Nanjing Ming city wall (capital city wall), as the leading city of the project of "Chinese Ming and Qing City Wall", was included in the preparatory list of Chinese world cultural heritage.

Historical evolution

Zhongshan Gate is one of the thirteen gates of the Ming Dynasty city wall in Nanjing, formerly known as Chaoyang Gate. Because it is located in the east of Nanjing, it is the first to meet the sun.

In 1366, Zhu Yuanzhang built Chaoyang Gate when he extended Nanjing to the northeast. At that time, the city gate was a single hole ticket gate, and there was another gate outside. This gate is the passage connecting the palace city inside the city and the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum outside the city.

In 1853, the Taiping army attacked Nanjing from Chaoyang Gate.

In 1864, when the Hunan army recovered Nanjing, many fierce battles took place outside Chaoyang Gate. In the fourth year of Tongzhi, in order to strengthen the defense of Chaoyang Gate, the Qing government added an outer urn outside the gate. However, because the gate was close to the moat, if the traditional convex urn was built, it would not be deep enough. Therefore, it was the only semi oval urn in all the gate urn in Nanjing. The outer urn gate and Chaoyang Gate were not on the same axis, but on the north side of the outer urn wall Syncline setting.

In 1892, the Chaoyang Gate Tower was rebuilt in the style of Huai'an mansion. It was divided into two floors, with double eaves on the top of the hill and repaired with brick.

In 1911, in response to the Wuchang Uprising, Xu Shaozhen led the Jiangsu Zhejiang allied forces to attack Nanjing from Chaoyang Gate

In July 1928, the national government renamed seven city gates and renovated them. Among them, Chaoyang Gate was renamed Zhongshan Gate, which is still in use today. In the same year, because of the coffin of Dr. Sun Yat Sen and his burial in Zhongshan Mausoleum, the national government demolished the narrow Chaoyang Gate, excavated the base of the gate, and built it into a three hole gate.

In 1929, the Zhongshan Gate was built and the back door was inscribed by Tan Yankai.

In September 1943, the mene of Zhongshan Gate was changed to Wang Jingwei's Lishu Shime. In 1946, Wang Jingwei's signature was chiseled away, but his "Zhongshan Gate" has been used for more than 50 years.

In 1996, the sandaoquan gate of Zhongshan Gate was changed into the entrance of Shanghai Nanjing Expressway into Nanjing city. In order to facilitate the traffic inside and outside the city, a double lane tunnel with a total length of 1600 meters was opened on both sides of the gate. At the same time, the original inscription of Wang Jingwei was replaced by the inscription of Wang Xianzhi.

Surrounding scenic spots

Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum

Zhongshan Mausoleum is the mausoleum of Sun Yat Sen, the forerunner of modern democratic revolution in China, and its affiliated memorial buildings, covering an area of more than 80000 square meters. Zhongshan Mausoleum started construction in the spring of 1926 and was completed in the summer of 1929. It became one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 1961. It is a national key scenic spot and national AAAAA tourist attraction.

Zhongshan Mausoleum is located in Zhongshan Scenic Area in the eastern suburb of Nanjing, adjacent to Linggu Temple in the East and Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum in the West. The whole building complex is built according to the mountain situation and gradually rises along the central axis from south to north. The main buildings are memorial archway, tomb gate, stone steps, stele Pavilion, memorial hall and tomb chamber, which are arranged on a central axis, reflecting the style of traditional Chinese architecture. Looking down from the air, it looks like a flat building The "Liberty Bell" on the green carpet.

All the buildings in Zhongshan Mausoleum have achieved excellent results in shape combination, color application, material performance and detail treatment. The music platform, Guanghua Pavilion, Liuhui Pavilion, Yangzhi Pavilion, sutra library, Xingjian Pavilion, Yongfeng society, yongmulu, Zhongshan academy and other buildings surround the mausoleum like stars, forming the main landscape of Zhongshan Mausoleum scenic area. The harmony and unity of colors enhance the solemn atmosphere They are the masterpieces of famous architects with high artistic value and are known as "the first mausoleum in the history of modern Chinese architecture".

Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum

Xiaoling of the Ming Dynasty is the joint Tomb of the founding emperor Zhu Yuanzhang and empress Ma Shi. As the first Ming mausoleum in China, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum is magnificent, which represents the highest achievement of architecture and stone carving art in the early Ming Dynasty, and directly affects the shape of the mausoleum of the Ming and Qing Dynasties for more than 500 years. According to the historical process, the mausoleums of the Ming and Qing Dynasties distributed in Beijing, Hubei, Liaoning, Hebei and other places were built according to the regulations and models of the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum in Nanjing, which has a special position in the development history of Chinese mausoleums Therefore, it has the reputation of "the first royal mausoleum of Ming and Qing Dynasties".

Xiaoling Mausoleum of Ming Dynasty is located at the south foot of Zijin Mountain in Nanjing City, under Mount Qomolangma, Dulong Fuwan, adjacent to Zhongshan Mausoleum in the East and Meihua Mountain in the south. It is the largest imperial mausoleum in Nanjing and one of the largest Imperial Mausoleums in China. It is also a world cultural heritage, a national key cultural relic protection unit, a national key scenic spot and a national AAAAA tourist attraction.

Nanjing Museum

Nanjing Museum is the second largest museum in China and one of the three largest museums in China. The earliest Museum in China is a large comprehensive national museum, a national comprehensive museum of history and art, and a national key Museum.

Located at the south foot of Zijin Mountain and the north side of Zhongshan Gate, Nanjing Museum covers an area of more than 130000 square meters. It is China's first large-scale comprehensive museum invested by the state, the first national level museum, the first national level museum jointly built by central and local governments, the national AAAA tourist attraction and the national key cultural relics protection unit.

The predecessor of Nanjing Museum is the National Central Museum proposed by Cai Yuanpei and others in 1933. Originally, it planned to build three pavilions of "humanities", "craft" and "nature". Later, due to the current situation, it only built the "humanities Museum", which is now the main hall of Nanjing Museum. The building imitates the palace style of Liao Dynasty. It was designed by famous architect Xu Jingzhi and modified by architect Liang Sicheng. The whole hall is magnificent, It is a masterpiece in the history of modern architecture. It is also a landmark building of Nanbo. Its structure is designed and constructed according to the French style of construction, and its details and decoration are based on the style of Tang and Song dynasties.

Surrounding traffic

Bus: No.5, No.9, No.36, No.55, No.59, No.163, no.805, NO.201, No.202, etc

Metro: Nanjing Metro Line 2 Ming Palace Station

Address: No.1 Dongxin Street, north section of Shuncheng East Lane

Longitude: 108.96708

Latitude: 34.26435

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Shan Men