Fengde Temple

Fengde Temple

The ancestral court of Chinese Buddhism. Xi'an key cultural relics protection units.

Fengde temple is located on the east slope of fengyukou in the south of Xi'an City, with picturesque scenery. Built in the Sui Dynasty and flourished in the Tang Dynasty, it is the temple of zhuoxi, the founder of Nanshan Buddhism in China. After the Tang Dynasty, the incense was not popular. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty (1403-1424), it was renovated, and now it is a nunnery temple. The existing main hall, Weituo hall, Zhaitang, North and South Wing rooms, Jingchuang, etc. have a quiet and elegant environment.

Historical evolution

Tracing back to the source

Fengde temple, a thousand year old ancient temple, is located on the east slope of fengyukou, Zhongnan mountain, about 30 kilometers south of Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. It is the ancestral court of Lu Zong in Nanshan. It occupies an important position in the history of Chinese Buddhism and enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Fengde temple was granted its name by Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty. It was also written by the eminent monk daoxuanlu of Tang Dynasty. He wrote notes, set up a altar to preach precepts, and promoted the study of temperament. In this way, he completed three major works in Nanshan, i.e., the notes of notes on four parts of the law, the notes on four parts of the law, and the notes on four parts of the law, which spread all over the world. Therefore, Fengde temple is also known as Fengde temple. Fengde temple, built in Sui Dynasty, flourished in Tang Dynasty. Later generations called it the law of Nanshan, and named it the law of Nanshan. Zun daoxuan was the law ancestor of Nanshan, and Fengde temple was the law ancestor court of Nanshan. Read the vicissitudes of Fengde temple in the past 1500 years. It has a glorious history and a brilliant past at home and abroad. However, it has an ugly yesterday, a waste waiting to be revived today, and a promising future.

Initial construction

According to the stele records, the temple was founded in the Yonghui reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty (650-655 A.D.), in which the abbot Tonghui and others rebuilt the stele in the 58th year of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty. During the Tongzhi reign, the temple was destroyed by the war. According to the biography of eminent monks in the Song Dynasty and the biography of eminent monks in the Song Dynasty, Fengde temple may have been founded before the Yonghui reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty. Zhizang, daoxuan and Yuanshi, the eminent monks of the Tang Dynasty, all lived in Fengde temple. There used to be a Buddhist altar built by daoxuan lawyers in the temple, which is also a holy land for daoxuan lawyers to carry forward the Buddhism of the law school.

Renovation and reconstruction

During the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty (1403-1424), it was renovated and rebuilt in the 19th year of Guangxu period. There are steles erected by the abbot Yingchuan and others. After his death in the first year of Tongtian (696), master Yuanqi was buried on Fengde Temple ridge in Zhongnan mountain. In the fifth year of Zhenghe of Song Dynasty, he was buried on the left side of Xuanzang master tower in Xingjiao temple. However, daoxuan and yuancha are behind, while zhizang is ahead. According to the biography of an eminent monk, zhizang, who had a common surname of Wei, became a monk at the age of 13. He lived in Fengde temple in Zhongnanshan in the third year of Emperor Wen of Sui Dynasty (583), and died in Fengde temple in the eighth year of Wude of Tang Dynasty (655). Therefore, Fengde temple was probably founded in the Sui Dynasty. It should be rebuilt or rebuilt in the reign of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty.

In the temple, there is the altar created by the lawyer yuan daoxuan. In the back of the temple, there is the relic tower of master Yuance. Long live Empress Wu Zetian in the first year of Tongtian (696), master Yuanqi died in the Buddhist temple in Luoyang. He was buried on Fengde Temple ridge in Zhongnan mountain. In the fifth year of Zhenghe of Song Dynasty, he went from Fengde temple to Xingjiao temple and built a relic tower on the left side of master Xuanzang's tower. According to the ancient temple synopsis and Xi'an Fu Zhi, "Fengde temple was rebuilt in the Yonghui years of Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty (650-655) and the Yongle years of Ming Dynasty (1405). It was rebuilt in the 15th year of Zhengde (1511). In the 58th year of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty (1793), master tongci was in charge of rebuilding steles. In the Tongzhi years, the temple was destroyed by the war. In the 19th year of Guangxu, it was rebuilt. There were steles erected by the abbot Yingchuan." In 1960, he was transferred from bhiksuni to live in the temple. During the "Cultural Revolution", the temple was destroyed. In 1986, monks and nuns of the temple made love with each other, repaired the main hall, and built new monk houses.

After liberation, the temple was still relatively complete, with one monk living in it. In 1960, it was adjusted to live in the temple by bhiksuni. During the cultural revolution, temples and religious relics were seriously damaged. A pair of iron lions, bell and drum towers and two ancient cypress trees cast in the Ming Dynasty outside the mountain gate were destroyed. The four heavenly kings in Weituo hall, three Buddha statues in the hall and the diamond shaped tower in Dongling were also demolished. In 1986, monks and nuns raised funds to renovate the Mahavira hall and build some new houses. The Buddha statues and the golden body of the temple were made for a new look.

Scale system

Temple size

Fengde temple has five main halls. In front of the main hall are three Weituo halls, three Zhaitang halls, three shanmenfang halls, three nanlangfang halls and seven beilangfang halls.

Landscape features

In the temple, the ancient trees are towering, the flowers and trees are gloomy, and pilgrims and tourists come in an endless stream during the sunny season, which can be regarded as a major scenic spot in Guanzhong.

Main landscape

main hall

There are seven statues of Sakyamuni Buddha, Amitabha Buddha, pharmacist Buddha, Guanyin, Manjusri, Puxian and dizang Bodhisattva in the hall. Flag in front of Buddha. It's a building. The curtain is hanging, the magic tools are well displayed, the lights are bright, solemn and solemn. There are two statues of Weituo and Maituo.

King Kong Scripture building

There is a Vajra Sutra banner in front of the main hall. It has been eroded by wind and rain for a long time, and the handwriting is illegible. There are two Qing Dynasty steles in the temple. The three towers in the south of the courtyard stand majestically.

Trumpet tower

The funerary rites of three masters, Zhizhi, daoxuan and Yuance, and three bottle shaped trumpet towers of the Ming Dynasty are still alive.

Other related

Biography of Fengde Temple

Zhizang, surnamed Wei, is a 13-year-old monk from Zheng county, Huazhou. In the Western Wei Dynasty, he lived in Zhihu temple in Chang'an, where he was in charge of the legal power of the Zhou Dynasty. He was hidden in the customs of all the people's confidence. Although the king was not afraid of the punishment and constitution, the shaving of the law and the legal uniform was once common. Up to the early Sui Dynasty, after six years, he did not lose the Dao ban in the world. He had to move the capital to live in Daxingshan. In the third year of kaihuang reign, it was the East Fu of the rich valley of Zhongnan. It was thought that the place of the end of life was also the place of the former seclusion. The mountains and rivers meet each other, and the towns also face each other. They are connected with saponins, and they are transformed into models. Later, Wang Guang, a general of the left guard of Emperor Wen, introduced him to the mountain. Tibet said: "the mountain world is different, and the suitable way is not different. The poor way lives in the mountain and accumulates day by day. His mind has not changed. His majesty is the leader of the country, and he does not take things as his religion.". When Wang Chuwen heard of the emperor, the emperor was surprised for a long time. He sent Yu Shiji, a scholar of internal history, to express his condolence, apply sesame oil, smoke stove and three kinds of clothes and other things, and still ordered that he lived in Fengde temple. Every three long months, cangsheng opens the way, and takes wisdom theory as the first word. All the people who practice it all report to the Council. There are many scholars in Jingyi, and they hear about the Dharma. I love the monks and officials at the beginning of my life. All of them are good and old. They are in the staff. They have a good way to understand things. They are hopeful! Although the monks and officials were not in charge of the world health inspection, they came back to talk about it at that time and ended up in Fengde. On April 15, the eighth year of Wude (the sixth five year plan), he was ill. When he was young, he finally lived there. In the spring and Autumn period, he was eighty-five years old. However, the Tibetan Qing Jin enters the Tao, self checking the form and spirit, not extravagant, not proud and Thai. He was willing to beg for food, and he was willing to do all he could. He was appointed to be a monk, but he never forgot to look at the monk's food. In the late days, he lived in the western suburb of Berlin tomb. Toutuo was quiet. When Emperor Wen went on a tour, he sighed and sighed. He gathered with other officials. He ordered the villagers to use their cars to fill the temple. Therefore, the hall of blessing was magnificent. It was far away from the forest. The pagoda was set up on the top of the mountain, and it was far away from the clouds. In the early days of the sixty-five years, there was no one left in the early summer. According to the legend of the Japanese, it was said that the food was often eaten at the end of the day, and its shape was more than that of the Tang Dynasty, measuring eight feet and two points. Its appearance was strong and it stood at the peak of the mountain. It has been living in the south of the temple for more than 40 years. Facing the deep sky, it is not easy to ascend the temple. And Zang, with his bath bottle in his hand and his wooden shoes on tiptoe, arrived on the cliff every time when he was eating. In the afternoon, he still went up and didn't fall down at the beginning. Because of this, he was also a wise man. Therefore, it's necessary for us to write the image of confession. In order to build a stele on the right side of the temple gate, Yingchuan made it.

Reconstruction process

The rise and fall of Lu Zong ancestral hall in Nanshan has a direct impact on the image of Buddhism in Nanshan. The precarious Lu Zong ancestral hall has attracted the attention of people of insight at home and abroad. It was in the early winter of 1999. Entrusted by the Xi'an Buddhist Association and the relevant departments of Chang'an District government, shidunxuan, shiwuchao and shiguozhong are the abbots of Fengde temple. Up to now, under the protection of Shifang Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, with the support of Shifang Dade mage and Shanxin, shidunxuan has led the people of Fengde temple to overcome all kinds of difficulties, toil day and night, and practice. With only 124700 yuan as the economic basis, the construction of ancestral court has been resumed for ten years without interruption. Although the basic construction of Fengde temple is far from perfect, it is better than in the past. First, in July 2000, the company applied to connect power to the mountain. In September of the same year, it took three months to build a 120 meter high winch fixed track in Houshan gully, and a 60 ton reservoir in October. The completion of water, electricity and transportation infrastructure not only ensures the daily life of the temple, but also prepares for the future construction work. Second, a ancestral hall and five closed rooms in the backyard were built in 2001. Third, in 2003, with the support of the abbot zengqin of dacien temple, a three room Weituo hall was built. In 2005, with the merciful support of the abbot of dacien temple, a five room Jialan hall was built. Fourth, in January 2007, under the long-term work of the Buddhist Association at the municipal and district levels and the strong support of master kuanxu of Qinglong temple, master benchang of Xiangji temple and master kuanchi of Xingjiao temple, Fengde temple, dunxuan and WuChao bhikchu

Chinese PinYin : Feng De Si