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Yading National Nature Reserve, Sichuan

synonym

Daocheng Yading (provincial scenic spot) generally refers to Sichuan Yading National Nature Reserve

Sichuan Yading National Nature Reserve is located in Shangri La Town, Daocheng County, southern Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. It is located in the east of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau, in the middle of Hengduan Mountain range, adjacent to Shangri La in Yunnan Province in the south, Lugu Lake and Lijiang in the southeast. The geographical coordinates are 99 degrees 58 minutes east longitude - 100 degrees 28 minutes north latitude 28 degrees 11 minutes - 28 degrees 34 minutes, with a total area of 1457.5 square kilometers. As of October 2016, the developed area is 32.44 square kilometers

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The forest area of Yading National Nature Reserve is 560 square kilometers, with 1126 species of vascular plants and 291 species of vertebrates. There are more than 10 peaks with an altitude of more than 5000 meters, more than 30 peaks with an altitude of more than 4500 meters, and 62 ancient glacial lakes

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In June 2001, it became a national nature reserve

On July 10, 2003, it was listed in the United Nations mAb protection plan

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Due to the epidemic situation, the scenic spot is expected to reopen on March 10, 2020.

geographical environment

topographic features

Yading National Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province is mainly composed of three mountains, namely, xiannairi, yangmaiyong and shanuoduoji, and surrounding rivers, lakes and alpine meadows. It is located at an altitude of 2900m (gonggahekou) - 6032m (xiannairi peak), 6032m (xiannairi peak) in the north, 5958m (yangmaiyong peak) in the South and 5958m (shanuoduoji peak) in the East. As of October 2019, it is one of the most complete and primitive Alpine natural ecosystems in China

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Climatic characteristics

Yading Nature Reserve belongs to the humid climate of continental monsoon plateau. Due to the relative elevation difference of 3000 meters in the area, the vertical differentiation of climate is obvious: below 3200 meters above sea level is the warm and humid zone, 3200-3600 meters is the middle temperate zone, 3600-4300 meters is the cold temperate zone, 4300-4600 meters is the alpine sub frigid zone, and above 4600 meters is the alpine cold current ice and snow zone

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Regional scope

Yading National Nature Reserve in Sichuan has a total area of 1457.5 square kilometers. As of October 2016, the developed area is 32.44 square kilometers and the forest area is 560 square kilometers

. It borders Muli County of Liangshan Prefecture in the southeast, Xiangcheng County and Zhongdian County of Yunnan Province in the west, and Litang County in the north

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Protection target

overview

The main purpose of Yading National Nature Reserve in Sichuan is to protect its rich animal and plant resources, complex and diverse biological genes, rare natural landscape and its extremely high mountain natural ecosystem. The protection of natural resources is the main function of the reserve

 

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animal

There are more than 200 species of wild animals in Sichuan Yading National Nature Reserve, mainly Alpine animals and forest animals. Because this area is a typical Hengduan Mountain area, there are red panda, forest musk deer, white rumped deer, antelope, etc. belonging to the southern fauna, and wolf, lynx, rock sheep, Tibetan pika, etc. belonging to the northern fauna. The animals in the area belong to the first and second class national protection animals, including antelope, red panda, water deer, white rumped deer, forest musk deer, leopard cat, antelope, gazelle, black bear, Macaca mulatta, etc. There are a large number of weasels, squirrels, grey tailed rabbits and badgers

 

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Botany

Yading National Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province is a special eco geographical area with complex terrain and diverse climate. It is rich in plant resources and constitutes a complex and diverse vegetation type

 

There are 1115 species of higher plants, including 430 genera and 12L families of vascular plants, among which 103 species belong to 34 genera and 20 families of pteridophytes, and 1012 species belong to 396 genera and 101 families of seed plants. The second and third grade protected plants in the area include Pteris yunnanensis, Pteris Pteris, Pteris lanceolata, Abies longibracteata, hemlock Lijiang, Aesculus Taoer, Illicium verum, Paeonia suffruticosa, etc. The national protected birds in the area include Tibetan eared pheasant, golden pheasant, Tibetan snow pheasant, pheasant, snow pheasant, etc. There are many kinds of fish, such as Schizothorax sichuanensis, Schizothorax brevicaudus, gymnocheilus pachynchus, gymnocheilus songpanensis, loach fusiform, loach schneideri, etc

 

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Main attractions

Sanhu is in charge of the holy mountain

Xiannairi (Tibetan: Guanyin Bodhisattva), jiangbianyang (Tibetan: Manjusri Bodhisattva) and xanaduji (Tibetan: vajrayama hand) are not far away from each other. Each of them rises in a triangle. In Tibetan Buddhism, they are called "risong Gongbu", which means the holy mountain of sanhuzhu. Xiannairi is 6032 meters above sea level in the north, 5958 meters above sea level in the center of the South and 5958 meters above sea level in the East

 

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Pearl Sea

The Pearl Sea, named zhuomalacuo in Tibetan, is a lake formed by snow melting in xiannari, covering an area of about 0.1 square kilometers

 

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Five color sea

Five color sea, named "danzengcuo" in Tibetan, is located between xiannairi and yangmaiyong, with an altitude of 4700 meters. The lake is round and covers an area of 0.58 square kilometers

 

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Milk sea

Milk sea, named "erongcuo" in Tibetan, is 4600 meters above sea level. Milk sea is in the shape of scallop in the depression of yangmaiyong snow mountain. It is named after the blue snow water in the middle and the milky white water around it. It is an ancient glacial lake, like water drops, surrounded by snow mountains

 

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Development and construction

In November 1982, the first symposium on nature reserves in China was held. Yinkaipu proposed to establish Daocheng Yading Nature Reserve

 

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In 1987, the people's Government of Sichuan Province set up the "leading group for comprehensive land development planning in Northwest Sichuan", which officially included Sichuan Yading Nature Reserve in the "key projects of ecological construction and environmental protection in Northwest Sichuan"

 

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On March 20, 1996, Yading county-level Nature Reserve was named after Yading village

 

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In May 1997, Sichuan Yading county-level Nature Reserve was upgraded to Sichuan Yading prefecture level nature reserve, and Sichuan Yading Nature Reserve Administration Bureau was established

 

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In December 1997, Yading state nature reserve was upgraded to Yading provincial nature reserve

 

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In June 2001, Sichuan Yading Provincial Nature Reserve was upgraded to Sichuan Yading National Nature Reserve

 

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On July 10, 2003, Sichuan Yading National Nature Reserve was listed in the UNESCO Man and biosphere program (mAb), and officially joined the world man and biosphere reserve network

 

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On October 7, 2016, the administration of Sichuan Yading National Nature Reserve officially announced that all units or individuals are forbidden to enter Sichuan Yading National Nature Reserve to carry out illegal crossing activities. Violators will be transferred to public security organs according to laws and regulations until they are investigated for criminal responsibility

 

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Since February 2020, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (

 

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ecological value

Since the Quaternary period (2.5 million years), due to the influence of neotectonic movement, the area where Yading National Nature Reserve is located has experienced strong uplift and fracture, forming a unique plateau Canyon landform. It has preserved the natural ecosystem of extremely high mountain, which is mainly composed of ice peak, snow ridge, wide valley, primeval forest and plateau meadow

 

. From Kanggu, 2909 meters above sea level in the north of the reserve, to the main peak of xiannairi, the straight-line distance is only 18 kilometers, and the relative height difference is 3123 meters. The huge vertical elevation difference forms the deep valley and the high mountain canyon landscape. The unique geological, geomorphic and climatic conditions make Yading National Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province still preserve the original natural ecosystem, and preserve a large number of rare animals, plants, insects and other living fossils that have disappeared in most areas since the Quaternary (2.5 million years ago), becoming an important geological history museum and species gene bank. At the same time, it is also one of the most important biogeographical regions in the world

Chinese PinYin : Dao Cheng Ya Ding