Puguang Temple

Puguang Temple

Puguang temple, built in the 11th year of Yongle of Ming Dynasty, is a famous Buddhist temple in Yongding District of Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province. The profound historical heritage and diversified architectural style make Puguang temple have high historical value and ornamental value.

Puguang temple is designated as a national cultural relic protection unit.

Brief introduction to temples

Puguang Temple (also known as "Puguang Temple") is located in the center of Yongding District, Zhangjiajie, with Tianmen Mountain and Lishui River in front and Fude mountain (today's ziwutai) behind. It is a temple with a long history and a long reputation, so it is known as "famous temple in the South of the Yangtze River".

Puguang temple is originally a ancient architectural complex, including Confucious'temple, Wu Temple, Town God's Temple, and song Liang Academy. Only the Puguang temple, the temple of the Wu and the Wenchang shrine are built. The rest is destroyed by the army or destroyed by fire or by benighted ignorance.

Reconstruction period

According to the local records of Yongding County in Hunan Province compiled by Hou Changquan in the 32nd year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1906 A.D., the fifth year of the lunar calendar), there is Puguang temple in Yidong. In the 11th year of Yongle of the Ming Dynasty (1413 A.D., the year of Guiji of the lunar calendar), Shi Yongjian was in charge of the construction, and xiezhen Shicheng was rebuilt in the 11th year of Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty (1733 A.D., the year of Guichou of the lunar calendar). There is Baiyang stone in the temple. When Yong Jian built the temple, he saw that the mountain was full of Baiyang, which was driven into the earth. When he dug it, he saw the stone, under which there was cellar gold. Then he built a temple with gold, and the temple became a musical instrument. He was given the name of Puguang stone. " According to the records of Yongding County, Yong Jian "saw a group of white sheep in Baiyang mountain and chased them. One of them turned into white stone, and the rest went into the earth and dug it. He got several urn of gold and learned to build the temple. He heard that it was in the Dynasty and named it" Puguang Temple ", which was given by the emperor. According to historical records, Puguang temple was built 7 years earlier than the Forbidden City in Beijing (the Forbidden City was built in 1420 A.D., the 18th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty), 3 years earlier than the Golden Hall of Wudang Mountain in Hubei (the Golden Hall of Wudang Mountain was built in 1416 A.D., the 14th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty), and more than 100 years earlier than Xianfeng temple and Baoguo temple in Emei Mountain in Sichuan.

Puguang temple covers a total area of 8618 square meters. It worships linjizong, one of the five Buddhist sects. There are 50-100 permanent monks. In addition to presiding over and managing the temple, it also administers nearly 100 temples of the original Dayong temple. Some of the presiders are famous Buddhists. They have held six Longhua meetings in Puguang temple. Not only local Buddhists, but also thousands of Buddhists from other provinces in the south of the Yangtze River have received precepts here“ Jiangnan famous temple. The main buildings of Puguang temple include dashanmen, ershanmen, Daxiong hall, Luohan hall, Guanyin hall, Yuhuangge, gaozhenguan and so on. It has the architectural style of song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a good place to study the history of ancient architecture and appreciate Buddhism. Now the main buildings and landscapes are introduced to you.

Layout structure

When you visit Puguang temple, the first scene is dashanmen and ershanmen. "Shanmen" was originally the name of the general hall in Buddhist temple architecture. The scale of Buddhist temples in China varies from place to place, so the size and layout of Buddhist temples are not the same: there are one gate and one hall, three gates and one hall, four entrances and seven halls, and the entrance hall. Puguang temple has three gates and three halls, namely: empty gate, Tianxiang gate and Tianzuo gate, Daxiong hall, Luohan hall and Guanyin hall. Because the Puguang temple is built in the secluded Baiyang mountain, "three gates" is also called "Mountain Gate".

According to textual research, some of the original "three gates" no longer exist. Today's "Mountain Gate" is a restored work, which can be seen clearly by experts. It faces south to the north, facing Tianmen Xianshan in the front and Fude mountain (also known as ziwutai) in the back. In front of the gate, there is a square with a wide view. Standing in front of the gate, you can overlook Tianmen Mountain, Xianshan River, Chongshan and many other landscapes. You can also see Chongwen pagoda and Dongzheng street in Yongding city. There are four golden characters of "Puguang Temple" right above the gate. The two gates are made of thick wooden plates and nailed together. They are vermilion red, which makes them look extraordinary and antique. Enter the gate and face the main hall. On both sides of the gate, you can see two great bodhisattvas. They are the most famous two generals in Buddhism. These two generals open their eyes and puff their noses. Their upper bodies are bare. They are strong and strong. They are armed with weapons. They look like Hercules and warriors. His manner is dignified, glaring at the world, timid see really some fear!

Related allusions

When it comes to the two generals, their origins are like this: they were both vajras in the Buddhist kingdom. According to dabaojijing, the two generals of hem ha, who were originally the Yasha gods guarding the Buddha Kingdom, were armed with a Vajra pestle (a very strong and sharp ancient combat weapon). In today's Chinese language, they are the two guard gods, or two gate generals, guarding the mountain gate.

They all had their own names: hum Jiang, formerly Zheng Lun, was the general of King Zhou of Shang Dynasty, and was a disciple of due immortal. He worshipped due immortal as his teacher. Because Zheng Lun was a devout teacher and studied Dharma seriously, he was deeply loved by duer. So duer soon taught him a kind of magic, which was "two Qi in the body". If he meets a thief in the "guard", as long as he snorts, he will sound like a bell, and emit two white lights with the sound, which can absorb the soul of the enemy. Therefore, any enemy will fail in front of him.

General ha, whose name is Chen Qi, has a yellow gas in his stomach. If he meets an enemy, just open his mouth and let out a yellow gas, he can also absorb the enemy's soul, make the enemy numb, raise his hand and catch him, and kill him.

Main building

main hall

The main hall is the largest hall in Puguang temple and the main building of the temple. It is located on an earthen platform in Baiyang mountain. It is high and sunny. As soon as visitors step into the gate of the mountain, the first thing they see is "Daxiong hall" and the four gold characters on its plaque.

This is the authentic handwritten work of Zhao Puchu, President of the Chinese Buddhist Association. It is vigorous and powerful. It is embedded in the hall and looks very spectacular and dignified. The main hall was first built in the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. It was rebuilt in the 47th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1708). Later, it was also repaired in Yongzheng, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, Xianfeng, Tongzhi and Guangxu periods of the Qing Dynasty. In 1989, the people's Government of Hunan Province appropriated special funds for emergency overhaul.

Three statues

On the back of the main hall of Puguang temple, there are three statues of Manjusri, Puxian and Guanyin instead of Buddhist stories. What is "universal wisdom"? According to the Buddhist scriptures, he is one of the four great bodhisattvas of Buddhism, and is the right flank of Sakyamuni Buddha. He is dedicated to "Li De" and "Da Xing". His duty is to spread the "goodness" of Buddhism to all places. According to Huayan Sutra, Puxian is the son of Buddhas. It is said in the pathetic Sutra that he is the eighth son of Amitabha, the leader of the Western Paradise, and Manjusri Bodhisattva and Mahayana Bodhisattva are his brothers. In addition, Puxian is also said to be a woman, such as the Hinayana Sutra, which says that he is the second daughter of King Miaozhuang.

Luohan Hall

Luohan hall is named after offering sacrifices to the gods of Luohan. This Luohan hall is close to the two pools of water and fire. There are eighteen Arhats in the hall, with different forms, vivid shapes and strange images, which can leave a deep impression.

According to the Buddhist scriptures, there were only 16 Arhats in the eighteen Arhats. They were all disciples of Sakyamuni and historical figures. The so-called "arhat" is the abbreviation of "arhat". According to Buddhist doctrine, a person's achievements can be divided into high and low because of his different practice. Every achievement is called a "fruit position", and "arhat" is the highest fruit position achieved by Hinayana Buddhism, but in Mahayana Buddhism, it is lower than Buddha and Bodhisattva and is the third class. Buddhism believes that this achievement can eliminate all troubles, perfect all merits and virtues, and forever avoid the pain of reincarnation (reincarnation of life and death). Anyone who has obtained the fruit position of arhat can be called "arhat" (hereinafter referred to as "arhat"), and can also enjoy the human sacrifice. The Buddha once made it clear that the sixteen Arhats can not enter Nirvana (death), but live in the world, promote Buddhism, and enjoy human worship and sacrifice.

According to the Buddhist Scripture, it is sixteen Arhats. Why did it become eighteen? The last two are monk Qingyou and monk Xuanzang, who wrote the book of fazhuji, and monk JIAYE and monk Budao. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty designated the seventeen Arhats as the Dragon subduing Arhats (viz. The JIAYE Arhats) and the eighteen Arhats as the Fuhu Arhats (viz. The Maitreya Arhats). In the Luohan Hall of Puguang temple, eighteen Arhats are worshipped. In addition to watching the Arhats, the architectural art in the hall is also worth seeing. The hall was built in 1456 A.D. and rebuilt in 1776 A.D. There are 16 big wooden pillars in the hall, none of which is crooked.

Since ancient times, there has been a saying that "the columns are crooked, the beams are crooked, and the houses are not crooked", which is also a great creation in mechanics, and is rare in temple architecture all over the country. In the past, there were 24 statues of heaven on the top of the Luohan hall, and 40 boxes of woodcut Vajra Sutra and Buddhist sutras (unfortunately destroyed). There is a caisson in the middle of the building, which can bear the rising smoke of the lower hall all the year round. Therefore, the Scriptures stored in the building are free from insects and damp. This method is very scientific, simple and economical.

Buddism godness Guanyin Temple

"Great compassion and all sentient beings are happy, and great compassion pulls out all sentient beings' sufferings." these two words are the tenets of the merciful Guanyin Bodhisattva for Buddhism.

According to the Buddhist doctrine, Guanyin in the distant past, that is, "countless hundred million loots", carefully listen to the thousand light King Jing Tathagata, from which stand

Chinese PinYin : Pu Guang Si