Tuanhe Palace

Tuanhe Palace

Tuanhe palace is located in tuanhebei village, Xihongmen Town, Daxing District, 15 kilometers away from the South Third Ring Road. Tuanhe palace is the most luxurious of the four built by the Qing emperor when he went hunting in Nanhaizi. Nanhaizi is a famous Royal Garden in yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, 17 kilometers long from east to west. It is 12 kilometers wide from north to South and covers a total area of 210 square kilometers.

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Background

This is the front edge of Yongding River alluvial fan, low-lying, the original 72 springs, Liao, Jin, Yuan emperors hunting here. In the 12th year of Yongle (1414), Emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty ordered the expansion of the building. Walls were built around the building, four gates were set up, and palaces and temples were built in Nanhaizi. The Qing government continued to expand into an important royal garden, with two regiments built in the East and the West. The scenery around the East Lake is the most, including Diaoyutai, cuirunxuan, guiyunxiu, qunyushan house, yubeiting, etc. Qianlong left a poem: "when the rain is fine, the clouds are not clear, and the trees are covered with crystal.".

The palace was destroyed

The Allied forces of the eight countries invaded Beijing, plundered all the treasures in Tuanhe palace and destroyed the palace. During the July 7 Incident, Tuanhe palace was bombed by Japanese troops, and only the main part of the garden remained in ruins.

Government building

In 1983, Beijing municipal government built Tuanhe Palace Park, planted hundreds of flowers and trees, more than 100000 plants, and renovated cuirunxuan and yubeiting.

Cuirunxuan has three couplets, 12.8 meters long from east to west and 7 meters wide from north to south. It is a big style Xieshan tube tile roll head ridge, and the beams are painted with Su style color paintings. The imperial stele Pavilion is square, with four eaves kissing animals. Inside it stands the Qianlong imperial stele, which is 6 meters high. It describes the construction of Nanyuan and the general situation of water flow nearby. On the shady side, it is engraved with the project and expenditure, which has high cultural value.

Tuanhe Palace site is located three kilometers east of Huangcun satellite city. It is a famous historic site and one of the key cultural relics protection units in Daxing County. In the spring of 1982, the Beijing municipal government decided to be managed by the Daxing County Capital Construction Committee, and appropriated part of the repair subsidies to change the Tuanhe Palace site into Tuanhe park. In early July of that year, during their inspection, leading comrades of the Beijing Municipal People's Congress and the Beijing Municipal Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference put forward many valuable suggestions on how to rebuild and protect the site of Tuanhe palace. After that, the construction of Tuanhe Park was officially included in the master plan of Huangcun satellite city.

Characteristics of historical gardens

Historical background and time of construction

Tuanhe palace is the most luxurious of the four palaces built by the Qing Dynasty in nanhaizili, a famous garden in Beijing. Its construction had a great relationship with Emperor Qianlong's large-scale renovation of Nanhaizi.

Nanhaizi, or Nanyuan, is located in the southern suburb of Beijing, including the Hongxing Sino Korean friendship people's commune in Daxing County and Nanyuan town in Fengtai District. It is about 17 kilometers long from east to west and 12 kilometers wide from north to south, covering an area of 210 square kilometers. It has been a natural hunting ground since ancient times. During the Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, it was an important place for feudal emperors to hunt and practice martial arts. The first day is also known as "dismounting, flying and berthing". In the 12th year of Yongle (1414), Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty ordered the expansion on the basis of feifangbo, and he often went here to hunt with his officials. At that time, there were luxuriant vegetation, yellow sheep and elk, and the scenery was very beautiful. It was one of the famous "ten sceneries of Yanjing", and its name was "autumn wind in Nanyuan".

After the Qing Dynasty came to the Central Plains, it was regarded as a royal garden and vigorously managed. Emperor Shunzhi and Emperor Kangxi built several palaces and temples in haizili, which made Nanyuan more magnificent. Nanhaizi has become a large Royal Garden in the southern suburb of Beijing in the Qing Dynasty.

Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty ascended the throne at the age of 25. He took Emperor Kangxi as an example everywhere, and even followed Emperor Kangxi in every word and deed. Emperor Kangxi built Nanhongmen palace in 1713. During the reign of Emperor Qianlong (1736-1795), most of the original buildings in nanhaizizhong were rebuilt, and 380000 taels of silver were used to rebuild the original tuhaizi wall into brick wall, about 120 Li long. Tuanhe palace was built under such circumstances.

There have always been different opinions about the time when Tuanhe palace was built. The author thinks that the construction of Tuanhe palace started after dredging Tuanhe in 1772 and was completed in 1777.

According to the records in the draft of Qing history, "in 1777, the new palace of Tuanhe in Nanyuan was completed. "This is consistent with the notes of Emperor Qianlong's poem" gengzi jiqiuzhong huantuanhe Palace "written in 1780, the 45th year of Qianlong's reign of the Qing Dynasty. "The 45th year of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty (1780) coincided with Emperor Qianlong's 70th birthday. In the middle of September of this year, Emperor Qianlong came back from the eastern mausoleum and worshipped his ancestors in the Western mausoleum. This is the first time Emperor Qianlong came to Tuanhe palace. At that time, Tuanhe palace had been built for three years. It dates back to three years, that is, the 42nd year of Qianlong (1777). Tuanhe palace was completed in 1777.

Garden architecture of Tuanhe Palace

The garden buildings of Tuanhe palace cover an area of about 400 mu. Surrounded by palace walls, Zhouyuan four Li. There are Xuanyuan hall, Han daozhai, guiyunxiu, Zhuyuan temple, Jinghong Pavilion, yaoufang, yijianxuan and Qinghuai hall in the palace, which are divided into East Lake and West Lake. After five years of careful management, Tuanhe palace is an attractive landscape with winding corridors and poetic scenery.

East Hunan is a group of traditional palace style buildings. Through the stone bridge in the South and the Hugong River, a pair of iron lions sit on both sides of the gate of the Grand Palace, showing the nobility and dignity of the imperial palace. Iron lion casting is exquisite and lifelike. On the left and right are the eastern and Western court houses, the imperial tea house and the longevity dining room. There are three courtyards in xisuo. The first entrance is the gate of the Grand Palace, and the military plane will be punished. The second entrance is the gate of the second palace. Facing it is a rockery made of Taihu stones, engraved with the word "Yunxiu", which was written by Emperor Qianlong. There are three caves under the rockery, which are connected with each other. On both sides are the East and west side halls. After turning yunxiufeng northbound, it is the third time to enter Xuanyuan hall, where the title of "time and travel to heaven" is inscribed. Inside, there is a plaque of Emperor Qianlong's poem "tixuanyuantang poem", which reads "xuanchuanlang, Runcheng, Yuwang, excellent pen and inkstone, waiting to be chanted". This is the library of Emperor Qianlong. He often meets his officials here to deal with daily affairs. The north gate of Xuanyuan hall is Han daozhai, then Baoxia, which is close to the East Lake. " After the establishment of the library, linchi was indifferent. Because of the amount of Han Road, then Lin Lin Yuan. "Emperor Qianlong sometimes met with ministers here to discuss the way of governing the country and the rise and fall of the past dynasties.

Inside the gate of the second palace of dongsuo is a pair of kylin drum stones with wooden shadow walls and painted paintings. In the north is Qinghuai hall, which is adjacent to the green marsh and the green Pu of Angelica dahurica. The scenery is quiet and beautiful. This is the palace for the Empress Dowager to visit. The back hall is called Chu Xiu palace, which is the residence of empress concubine. In the front eaves of the Baoxia building, there is a huge plaque inscribed "Fengyue Qinghua" by Emperor Qianlong. Because there are nine Ying in the back hall, also known as nine Ying hall, there are three Ying in the East and three Ying in the West. The courtyard in front of the hall is full of flowers and trees, green and fragrant.

These two palaces are a group of main buildings of Tuanhe palace. Although they have their own courtyard pattern, most of them are connected by verandahs, which are scattered and tortuous, with different scenes. The design of bat, Wanzi, Shouzi and rolled grass on the window leaf, partition and ceiling is simple and elegant, which is in harmony with the natural environment of the garden, but the decoration and furnishings in the hall are very magnificent. A variety of famous porcelain antiques, bonsai flowers, dazzling, beautiful. The calligraphy and painting in the calligraphy hall are antique, and the exquisite handicrafts are exquisite and exquisite, which reflect the extravagant court taste of the feudal emperors.

Cuirunxuan is located on Donghu Island, also known as Changyu, Sanying. It is 12.8 meters long from east to west and 7.3 meters deep from north to south. It is a large style Xieshan tube tile, a roll of awning, a hoop of head, and a Soviet style color painting. Cuirunxuan is surrounded by water and rippling green waves. In the lake, there are thousands of flowers and scales. The island is covered with green grass and towering cypresses. There are qunyushan house in the north, Han daozhai and Yu leting in the south, Luxiang Pavilion in the East and yijianxuan in the west, which are set between the green pines and green willows, and are relatively interesting with cuirunxuan. Emperor Qianlong's poem "when it is fine, the clouds are not clear, and the trees are covered with crystal" vividly depicts the beautiful scenery of cuirunxuan.

There is a Dragon King Temple on the top of the mountain in the north of the West Lake, named Zhuyuan temple. Along the north mountain and up, into the mountain gate, but see the temple cangsongcuibai, Qiuzhi Jiuqu. On the West Bank of the lake, there are Zhuoyue and youou boats. Zhuoyueyi double eaves, East Baoxia, eaves angle up, like flying wings. The room of "the boat for visiting gulls" is like a boat, but it was not originally a boat. "The stone steps in front of the boat reach directly to the water, and there are thousands of lotus flowers in the lake. After the boat, you can climb the mountain corridor to guiyunxiu. The building is located on the middle of the mountain, facing the lake. At the turn of spring and summer, or at the beginning of sunny days after rain, when you look at lakes and mountains in the East, the wave light changes, and the cave generates stratiform clouds. You can't help but think of Tao Qian's famous saying that "the cloud has no intention to come out of the hill, and the bird is tired of flying and knows how to return.".

In midsummer, you can enjoy lotus and fish on the platform. The water in the lake is not in a good mood, and the fish are playing among the lotus. In autumn, to zhuoyueyi enjoy the moon, waiting for Yutu Dongsheng, Lake soak moon, wind send lotus fragrance, refreshing. Or to the point view Baoxia room for a rest, from the dock on a Dongtian throne boat boating on the lake. The bright moon is in the sky, and the breeze is full of it. "Listen to the lake water tap on the bank, the sound of the waves gurgle, make the water flow

Chinese PinYin : Tuan He Hang Gong