Lotus Peak

Fuji

synonym

Furong peak (another name for Mount Fuji) generally refers to Mount Fuji

Mount Fuji is located in the south central part of Honshu Island, about 80 kilometers east of Tokyo,

Across between Shizuoka and Yamanashi in Japan,

The foot of the mountain is located in the big trench between junhewan and siyuchuan.

It is 3775.63 meters high and 125 kilometers long,

It covers an area of about 1200 square kilometers.

Mount Fuji is one of the classic symbols of Japanese spirit and culture,

In the hearts of the Japanese, it is a beautiful and solemn Holy Mountain with natural charm. Since ancient times, it has been the theme of Japanese writers' eulogization, and it is also the Holy Land worshipped by the Japanese. It is a part of Japanese folk religion.

Mount Fuji is cone-shaped with snow on the top all the year round. Around the foot of Mount Fuji, there are five freshwater lakes, collectively known as "Fuji Five Lakes".

Mount Fuji is rated as one of the Sanling mountains and one of the top 100 mountains in Japan.

It is known as "Furong peak" or "Fuyue" and "no two kaolin".

In February 1936, it was designated as the Izu National Park in Hakone, Fuji.

In June 2013, it was listed in the world cultural heritage list by the 37th World Heritage Committee as "Mount Fuji - the object of belief and the source of art"

Historical evolution

For the ancient Japanese, Mount Fuji was a "remote worship" -- the object of worship from a distance. In order to suppress the eruption of Mount Fuji, a shallow shrine was built at the foot of Mount Fuji.

Since the late Heian era, the eruption of Mount Fuji has been quiet. It has become a "practice and practice" Dojo, which is a combination of ancient Japanese mountain belief and esoteric Buddhism. The object of "remote worship" has evolved into a "climbing worship" mountain. In the first half of the 12th century, the last generation built the dari temple on the top of the mountain. Moreover, in the latter half of murmachi era, not only practitioners but also ordinary people began to "climb" Mount Fuji, and Mount Fuji gradually became popular.

Since then, during the Warring States period in Japan, the new belief in Mount Fuji will be organized into doctrines. In the middle period of Edo era, as "Fuji preaching", it was widely popular in the area with Kanto as the center. Many people began to climb Mount Fuji and tour holy places such as taki. In the Meiji era, women's mountaintop climbing was also lifted.

geographical environment

Location context

Mount Fuji, known as the highest peak in Japan, is a dormant volcano across Shizuoka and Yamanashi counties. In August 2002, after re surveying by the Japanese Institute of land and geography, it was confirmed that the height was 3775.63 meters, close to the Pacific coast, and about 100 kilometers southwest of Tokyo.

The volume of Mt. Fuji is about 500km3.

The perimeter of the foot of futushan is about 125 km (including the foot lava flow), and the diameter of the bottom is about 40 km ~ 50 km. The crater at the top of the mountain is about 500 meters in diameter and 250 meters deep. Around the edge of the zigzag crater are "Fuji eight peaks", namely Jianfeng, Baishan, jiuxuzhiyue, dariyue, Izu, Chengcheng, Juyue and Sanyue. Mount Fuji belongs to the Fuji volcanic belt, which is a volcanic chain from the Mariana Islands, through the Izu Islands and Izu Peninsula to the northern part of the state.

Geological characteristics

Mt. Fuji is located in the "triple junction" of plate movement (Amur plate, Okhotsk plate and Philippine Sea plate),

At the same time, it is located at the junction of northeast island arc, southwest island arc and Izu Ogasawara arc. On the one hand, due to the subduction of the Pacific plate, on the other hand, due to the tension between the Philippine Sea plate and the surrounding area of Mount Fuji, the active geological activities led to the repeated fracture eruption of basalt and the formation of Mount Fuji.

Mountain formation

Mount Fuji was formed about 10000 years ago and is a typical layered volcano. The basement is Tertiary strata. At the beginning of the fourth period, the volcanic lava broke through the Tertiary strata and formed the mountain after erupting and accumulating. Later, after multiple eruptions, the volcanic eruptions accumulated layer by layer and became the cone-shaped layered volcano.

So far, the formation of Mount Fuji can be roughly divided into the following four stages: the first xiaoyuyue, xiaoyuyue, ancient Fuji and new Fuji. Among them, xianxiaoyuyue is the oldest, which was formed in the Pleistocene hundreds of thousands of years ago. In April 2004, the Seismological Research Institute of Tokyo University found that a more ancient mountain was found under xiaoyuyue, so the fourth mountain was named "xianxiaoyuyue". Ancient Fuji was formed by the deposition of volcanic ash and other materials from about 80000 years ago to about 15000 years ago. Its height is close to 3000 meters above sea level. It is speculated that the peak at that time should be 1km-2km to the north of the present Baoyong crater.

About 11000 years ago, a large amount of Lava Burst out on the west side of the top of the mountain in ancient Fuji. These lava formed the main body of the existing rich earth mountain, namely new Fuji. From then on, the top of ancient Fuji and new Fuji began to juxtapose from east to west. About 2500-2800 years ago, due to the weathering of some parts of the ancient Fuji peak, large-scale landslides were caused, so now only the new Fuji peak still stands between heaven and earth. Baoyong mountain is the most prominent parasitic volcano around futu mountain, located in the southeast slope of Fuji mountain. It was formed in the fourth year of libaoyong in Japan, with an elevation of 2693 meters. There is also a huge crater on the west side of Baoyong mountain. In addition, the rain and snow in the rich soil mountain area will form underground water veins under the surface of the earth, and then rush out. There are four main scenic spots, namely, yanyebahai, BAIXIAN waterfall, shitianchuan and yongyuchi.

 

volcanic activity

The crater at the top of futu mountain has erupted 18 times, and the latest eruption was in 1707. Although it is dormant at present, there will be jet phenomenon at any time.

 

In the recorded history of Japan, the most active period of futushan volcano activity was in the 9th century at the beginning of Heian era. According to the historical book "a brief history of Japan", JUNHE said in June of the 19th year of Yanli (800 years), from March 14 last year to April 18 last year, Mount Fuji burned itself. In the daytime, the smoke was dark, and in the night, the fire was shining. The sound was like thunder, the ash was like rain, and the water was red

In the 21st year of Yanli (802), the Japanese synopsis recorded: "JUNHE touched the country's words, and Mount Fuji of JUNHE country was burning day and night, and the gravel was like fog. Those who sought divination, occupied Japan, and had a thousand diseases should make the two countries add gratitude, and read the Scriptures to bring disaster (zhonglue) to Jiawu in May (zhonglue) This is the famous "Yanli big flameout" in Japanese history.

In the sixth year of Zhenguan (864), the historical book "the three generations of Japan" recorded: "on May 25, the state of JUNHE said that Fuji county was surrounded by three shallow gods. The mountain fire was very blazing. The mountain was burning for 12 miles, the light was burning for 20 feet, the sound was like thunder, and the earthquake was three degrees. After more than ten days, the fire was still burning, the Jiaoyan was collapsing, the sand was raining, and the clouds were steaming, In the northwest of the mountain, there is a sea of native water. The rocks burned flow to the sea, 30 miles away, 34 miles wide, and 23 miles high. So the flame belongs to Jiafei

In July of the same year, Mount Fuji continued to blow fire. "Three generations of records of Japan" records once again: (July 6, Zhenguan) on the 17th, xinchou Jiafei said that there was a sudden fire on Mount Fuji in JUNHE state. It burned the hills and hills, burnt the plants and trees, collapsed the rocks, and buried the badai Prefecture. The water was as hot as soup, and all the fish and turtles died. The people lived in the house, buried with the sea, or had no one. It's hard to remember the number. To the east of the two seas, there was also the water sea, named rihekou sea Before it was burned, there was a great earthquake, thunder and rain, rain and fog, and it was difficult to distinguish between the mountains and the wild. This time, it was also called "Zhenguan fire". According to the records, a large amount of lava flowed out of the fire. As a result, the sea at the northern foot of futu mountain was filled up and disappeared. At the same time, Jingjin lake and West Lake were born. Another result of paihai being buried in lava is the birth of the present-day Qingmuyuan Shuhai. The second month after the fire, the Daiwa court issued the "Zhenxie" order. Duliangxiang was one of the objects who were ordered to draft the documents, leaving behind "the story of the rich earth mountain".

On November 23, 1707, Mount Fuji erupted again. This eruption spilled about 700 million cubic meters in the city of Edo at that time, and it continued to fall for several weeks, which is known as "Baoyong eruption". At that time, Muchen Xinjing Baishi wrote his memoir "zheyianchaiji", which recorded some details of the eruption. The sediments almost cover the whole South Guandong area.

 

In October 2009, the crustal movement of Mount Fuji was confirmed by GPS observation. This is the first time since the observation began in April 1996. This crustal movement has a maximum change of 2 cm, fujigong city

Chinese PinYin : Fu Rong Feng