Humble Administrator's garden

Humble Administrator's garden

Humble Administrator's garden, located in Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, was built in the early Ming Dynasty (early 16th century). It is a representative work of Jiangnan classical gardens. Over the past four hundred years, the Humble Administrator's garden has been divided and merged for several times, either as a "private" House garden, or as a "Golden House" to hide the charming, or as a "King's house" to govern, leaving many attractive relics and allusions.

Together with the summer palace in Beijing, Chengde summer resort and Suzhou Liuyuan, the Humble Administrator's garden is known as China's four famous gardens.

Humble Administrator's garden is located in the northeast corner of Suzhou City (178 northeast Street). As of 2014, it is still the largest classical garden in Suzhou, covering an area of 78 mu (about 5.2 hectares). With water as the center, the garden is full of the characteristics of Jiangnan Water Town. The garden is divided into three parts: the East, the West and the West. The east garden is bright and open, and the central garden is the essence of the whole garden. The western garden is beautifully constructed and has its own characteristics. Yuannan is a residential area, which reflects the pattern of traditional dwellings in typical Jiangnan area. There is also Suzhou Garden Museum in the south of the garden, which is a special Garden Museum.

In March 1961, Zhuozheng garden was listed as one of the first batch of national key cultural relics protection units. In 1991, Zhuozheng garden was listed as a national special tourist site by the State Planning Commission, the tourism administration and the Ministry of construction. In 1997, UNESCO approved its inclusion in the world heritage list. In 2007, it was rated as the first batch of national AAAAA scenic spots by the National Tourism Administration.

Historical evolution

In the early years of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (early 16th century), Wang Xianchen, the imperial censor who returned to his hometown because of his official frustration, took Dahong temple as his garden, and took "irrigate the garden with vegetables for meals in the morning and night" in the Fu of leisure residence written by Pan Yue of the Jin Dynasty This is also the meaning of "Humble Administrator" and is called "Humble Administrator's garden". Zhonggen water, dredging into a pool, diffuse place "look like a lake". There are many open spaces in the garden, decorated with flower beds, bamboo groves, orchards and peach trees. The buildings are sparse and scattered. There are 31 scenes, such as halls, buildings, pavilions and pavilions. It forms a water-based, sparse and plain garden, which is close to the natural scenery. It is "more than 200 mu, lush trees, Quchi, Shengjia Wuxia". In the 12th year of Jiajing (1533), Wen Zhengming drew 31 pictures according to the scenery in the garden, each with poems, and wrote the notes of Wang's Humble Administrator's garden.

After Wang Xianchen's death, his son gambled overnight and lost the garden to Xu Shaoquan, the Xu family of Xiatang outside changmenwai. He "lost the truth by increasing the loss with his own will". After that, Xu lived in the Humble Administrator's garden for more than a hundred years. Later, Xu's descendants also declined and the garden gradually deserted.

In 1631, more than ten mu of wasteland in the east of the garden was purchased by Wang Xinyi, the Minister of punishment. Wang is good at landscape painting, careful management, layout of the gully, completed in the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), known as "return to rural residence", in which there are Shuxianglou, furongxie, fanhongxuan, lanxuetang, shushiting, taohuadu, zhuxianglang, xiaoyuetai, wisteria dock, fangyanting Zhusheng, four or five acres of lotus pond, and several acres of home field outside the wall. There are many strange peaks in the garden, and the rocks imitate the plank road of Emei. According to the records of Lan Xue Tang (1728) written by Shen Deqian in the sixth year of Yongzheng reign of the Qing Dynasty, there were secluded caves in Chonglou, famous flowers and exotic trees, and mountain birds and monsters in the garden at that time, which were in contrast with the middle part of Humble Administrator's garden, which had already been called Qiuxu. Until the reign of Daoguang, Wang's descendants still lived in the land, but it was gradually abandoned and most of it became vegetable border grassland.

When the Qing army entered the Soviet Union, the garden was occupied by the town general. At that time, the owner of the garden was a descendant of the fifth generation of the Xu family. He had to sell the garden to Chen Zhilin, a Bachelor of Arts, with 2000 yuan in 1648. After Chen Deyuan was restored, it was extremely luxurious and beautiful. There are three or four Baozhu camellia, which are the only ones in Jiangnan. However, Chen had been in Beijing for a long time. Ten years after he bought the garden, he was convicted and relegated to Liaodong. He died in the relegation house, and never saw any flowers or trees in the garden. In the first year of Kangxi (1662), the Humble Administrator's garden was not an official property. It was sealed as Ninghai general's house, and was owned by Wang and Yan. In the third year of Kangxi (1664), it was changed to bingbeidao (surnamed an), but not to bingbeidao.

Before that, although there were many changes in the owner of the garden, most of them were still Humble Administrator's garden. In Wang Yongning's works, the landscape of the garden was quite different from that described in Wen Zhengming's Illustrated works (Qian Yong's Lu Yuan Cong Hua and Xu Qianxue's Yi Yuan Ji). In the garden, there are Banzhu hall and Niangniang hall, where the son-in-law of Sangui lives. There are also nanmu hall, with more than 100 columns. The stone foundation is three or four feet in diameter, and it is as high as the waist. The column foundation is carved with dragons. There are also white jade dragon and Phoenix drum piers, which are extremely luxurious. Wang often held a banquet in the garden and made Jiaji perform. There were some words like "su'e's several teams went out of the screen" and "ten pearls poured all over the ground". Later, Wang Yongning died first because of Wu Sangui's fighting against the Qing Dynasty. His family property disappeared, and his carved dragon pillar foundation and nanmu Pillar Stone lost to the capital. Chen Qinian once said in a poem, "I haven't had a county magistrate here for many years, but I've been here for a while. When you come to make up the pavilion, you can learn how to make a donkey sound and draw a picture. We can see the dilapidated scene of the garden. In the 18th year of Kangxi (1679), Zhuozheng garden was changed into the new office of Susong Changdao. In the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), Su Song's regular way was not cut. In 1684, Emperor Kangxi Xuanye visited the garden during his southern tour. In the same year, it was written in the annals of Changzhou county that "in the past 20 years, although the number of owners has changed, although the restoration is magnificent, the mountains and forests are not as elegant as they used to be.".

The Humble Administrator's garden gradually became a folk house after the abolition of Su Song's Permanent Road Department. It was first shared by Wang Gaowen and Gu Bidou, and then by general Rong Yan Gongwei. At the beginning of Qianlong period, the garden was divided into two parts: Fuyuan in the middle and Shuyuan in the West. So far, the Humble Administrator's garden, which was originally integrated and planned in a unified way, has evolved into three separate gardens with its own pattern. The Fuyuan in the middle was owned by Chiang Kai Shek. At that time, the garden was desolate, and Chiang's business had been going on for a long time. "Not out of the city, but share the nature of mountains and forests.". There are ten thousand volumes of books in the garden. In the spring and Autumn period, celebrities began to chant. It was very prosperous for a time. The picture of Fuyuan Jiahui was handed down to the world. Yuan Mei, Zhao Yi and Qian Daxin came here one after another to write poems. Yuan Mei has a saying: "life is only for your family. You can borrow books from the green mountains.". But after the death of Chiang Kai Shek, the garden was gradually deserted.

The owner of the western garden is Tai Shi Ye Shikuan. Among them are Yongshu Pavilion, Shushu Pavilion, Xingshu corridor and Shuishu Pavilion. All of them were abandoned in the past and were newly built by Ye Shi. There are ten sceneries in Yongshu Pavilion. Shi Kuan's son Shu fan and his nephew Wu Jin wrote poems about it. Shen Yuanzhen, a member of the Taoist school, returned to the garden. The imperial residence in the garden was occupied by Wang Meiji, a doctor of Taichang. Xuan also belonged to Cheng, Zhao, Wang and other surnames.

After more than 70 years of restoration, Chiang finally changed his ownership. In 1809, Haining Zhashui, a doctor of the Ministry of punishment, bought the garden. At that time, the stone in the pool of the garden was decaying. After years of repair, Cha took on a new look and was still named Fuyuan. However, it was not long before the end of Jiaqing. In the late years of Jiaqing, it was under the charge of the Minister of the Ministry of official affairs. The great scholar, Wu Xun of Pinghu, lived here too. His son observed that Jin De also lived here, so the people of the Soviet Union called it Wu Yuan. In spring, tourists are weaving and vendors are mixed. Although the garden still retains the characteristics of "clear water and broad trees, with the interest of mountains and rivers", it only gets one third of the old garden. Therefore, in 1842, when Liang Zhangju visited the garden with Yun Nantian's painting, he said that the landscape of the garden was quite different from that of Yun's painting more than 160 years ago. Because Wu had been an official for a long time and neglected management, the pavilions gradually collapsed and the pools and pavilions were in depression.

The Eastern Garden Mansion in the south of the garden belonged to the Ministry of langpan Shiyi at that time. Pan and his son built Ruitang library. On June 2, 1860 (April 13 of the old calendar), the Taiping Army entered Suzhou. Li Xiucheng, the loyal king of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, built his mansion with the Humble Administrator's garden, pan aixuan's house in the East and Wang shuofu's house in the West. It is said that jianshanlou was his place of governance. "Hundreds of craftsmen keep on working all the year round, and the city has been broken before the completion of the work" (MA Rufei's "diaoyuhuilu"). According to Li Hongzhang's later letter to Li Hezhang, "Prince Zhong's mansion is a beautiful building with beautiful scenery, and qulan's cave house is really like a fairy's cave house", "there are three or four gardens and two or three stages, which is a place I have never seen in my life.".

In the second year of tongzhi (1863), after Li Hongzhang occupied Suzhou, he took zhongwangfu as his own governor of Jiangsu Province, Xingyuan, and fanzhensi also worked in it. The rehabilitation Bureau will pay 3000 liang of silver to the original owner of the garden, Wu, and return the garden to the public. The house with the surname Wang in the West still belongs to Wang. At that time, the government also attached a medical bureau in the garden to practice medicine. After more than a year, someone came to the park and saw that "five out of ten things have decayed". To Tongzhi five years (1866), governor yamen moved from Humble Administrator's garden.

In the winter of 1871, when Nanpi Zhang Zhiwan was the governor of Jiangsu Province, he lived in the original pan house of zhuozhengyuan. Zhang Neng's calligraphy and painting, management and repair, gradually return to the old view. There are yuanxiangtang, LANWAN, yulanyuan, LiuDi, donglang, pipawu, shuizhuju, caihualou, Yanbo Huafang, shaoyaopo, yuexiangting, and the most suitable place for Zhusheng. There are 12 volumes of Wu Yuan Tu. Later, Zhang Zhiwan was promoted to governor of Zhejiang and Fujian Province. A few days after he left the Soviet Union, he negotiated with the right Buzheng envoy, Tang Deshou, Dao Yingpu, and en Zhuqiao (all Manchu) who were in charge of the weaving department of Suzhou, and advocated the establishment of the guild hall. The price was 3000 yuan and the repair cost was 2000 yuan. In the first month of the 11th year of tongzhi (1872), Zhuozheng garden was changed into "Eight Banners Fengzhi guild hall", which covers the garden in the middle and the houses in front of the garden. The garden is still called Zhuozheng. Guangxu 13 years (1887) once again repaired, "the first change garden door, expand its old system The rest of them supported, while the collapsed ones were straightened. The Chengguan building was built on top of the pool. At that time, the ancient trees in the garden were towering, "the corridor was built, the spring was close to the ground, the marsh was beautiful, the steep stone was the door, and the peaks were beautiful.". This pattern of water based, wide water surface and natural scenery has been basically maintained

Chinese PinYin : Zhuo Zheng Yuan