ferris wheel

ferris wheel

Ferris wheel is a kind of large-scale wheel like mechanical construction facilities. Hanging on the edge of the wheel is the gondola for passengers. Passengers sitting on Ferris wheel slowly turn up, you can overlook the surrounding scenery from high. The most common Ferris wheel generally appears in amusement parks (or theme parks) and garden games. As a kind of amusement park motor game, it is called "three treasures of paradise" together with roller coaster and carousel. But Ferris wheel often exists alone in other occasions, usually used as an active viewing platform.

classification

According to the difference of operating mechanism, Ferris wheel can be divided into three types: Ferris wheel, non spoke Ferris wheel and observation wheel. The cabin of gravity Ferris wheel is hung on the wheel to maintain the sliding axis level by gravity, while the cabin of viewing Ferris wheel is hung on the outside of the wheel, which requires a more complex mechanical structure of connecting rod to adjust its level synchronously with the position of the car.

Development history

The earliest Ferris wheel was designed by American George Washington Ferris in 1893 for the Columbus Memorial Exhibition in Chicago to compete with the Paris tower built by Paris in 1889. The first Ferris wheel weighs 2200 tons and can carry 2160 people. Its height is 26 stories. It is because of the achievements of Faris that people will call this facility Ferris wheel, which we are familiar with.

Viennese Ferris wheel is a 19th century Ferris wheel that has survived and is still in operation. In 1897, it was erected in Platte playground of Leopold city (Second District) in Vienna, Austria. It was built for the celebration of emperor Franz Joseph I's Golden Jubilee, with a total height of 64.75 meters. After the Paris Ferris wheel was demolished in 1920, Vienna Ferris wheel became the highest Ferris wheel in the world. In 1944, it was burned during World War II and rebuilt the next year. It remained the world's highest Ferris wheel until 1985 when it was surpassed by Tsukuba, Japan (85 meters high).

Ba london eye, once the world's largest Ferris wheel throne for a long time and located on the banks of the Thames River, is a Ferris wheel with a total height of 135 meters from the ground. It is also a pioneer in the design of Ferris wheel. However, its No. 1 position in the world was broken after the completion and opening of Nanchang star, a 160 meter high gravity Ferris wheel, in Nanchang City, the people's Republic of China.

However, Nanchang star's No.1 position in the world will not be long since the Singapore Ferris wheel opened in March 2008 Flyer, with a total height of 165 meters (wheel diameter of 150 meters), won the first place in the world over Nanchang star. However, due to their different structural concepts (Singapore Ferris wheel adopts the same design as London Eye Ferris wheel), Nanchang star can still maintain its position as the highest gravity Ferris wheel until a new challenger appears. As like as two peas, the world's most powerful titles are being challenged, including the Beijing skyline, which is expected to be launched in the fourth quarter of 2009. The 208 meter long wheel diameter 198 meter Ferris wheel is constructed with the same skyscraper wheel structure as the The London Eye.

In terms of the diameter of the ferris wheel, Taiwan's largest Ferris wheel is located in Jianhu mountain, Gukeng Township, Yunlin County, with a diameter of 88 meters. However, although the diameter of the eye of Kaohsiung in the dream age of Kaohsiung is only 50 meters, it is the highest in Taiwan with a total height of 102.5 meters because it is erected on the roof of a building rather than on the ground.

Construction method

The construction technology and method of Ferris wheel structure should be specified according to the specific structure form and site conditions. At present, the construction methods of the existing Ferris wheel structure can be summarized into the following three types.

Ground assembly and integral hoisting method

The steel structure of Ferris wheel flange is processed and assembled in sections in the factory. After being transported to the site, the wheel flange is assembled as a whole, and then connected with the internal rigid truss support or flexible steel cable system. Finally, it is hoisted in place as a whole. London Eye adopts this construction method. The steel pipe truss of the wheel flange is divided into three sections, processed in the factory, transported to the site and assembled as a whole. Then the steel cables inside the wheel flange are installed and tensioned, and the prestress is introduced. Finally, the wheel disc structure and the supporting tower structure are formed into a whole structure, and then the hoisting is carried out.

The ground assembly and integral hoisting method is conducive to the installation of steel structure, and the installation accuracy is easy to guarantee, but the ferris wheel structure scale and weight are generally large, so it needs larger construction site and stronger hoisting capacity.

Center rotation installation method

The central rotation installation method refers to that after the supporting tower and axle are installed in place, the tower is used to set up the working platform, or the lifting system is used to install the ferris wheel structure system from the center to the outside circle by circle. It is widely used in some small and medium-sized Ferris wheel installation projects.

Vertical rotation installation method

The vertical rotation installation method refers to the construction method that the temporary rigid spoke is used to drive the sectional flange and steel cable to rotate and install after the supporting tower and axle are installed in place. The vertical rotation installation method can be divided into one-sided rotation installation method and two-sided rotation installation method, which is suitable for the flexible Ferris wheel structure system with centripetal force provided by steel cables. This method has been used in Tianjin Cihai Bridge Ferris wheel structure.

The vertical rotation installation method can avoid a lot of high-altitude work, and the risk is low; but it needs a larger traction power system and a good braking system, especially for the two side rotation installation method, it also needs special treatment for the center axle of Ferris wheel.

Classification of Ferris wheel

According to the difference of operating mechanism, Ferris wheel can be divided into Ferris wheel and observation wheel. The cabin of gravity Ferris wheel is hung on the wheel to maintain the level by gravity, while the cabin of viewing Ferris wheel is suspended on the outside of the wheel, which requires a more complex mechanical structure of connecting rod to adjust its level synchronously with the position of the car.

working principle

The working principle of Ferris wheel is to use the motor to reduce the speed through the reducer, turn the high speed and low torque into the mechanical power of high torque and low speed, and transfer it to the wheel disc through the intermediate mechanism with elasticity and certain strength, such as tires, to make it rotate at low speed.

High ranking

At present, the top 20 Ferris wheel heights in the world are as follows:

Famous Ferris wheel

longan

The ferris wheel on the roof of Jiangnan global port is named "longan".

Longan is the third Ferris wheel in Changzhou, and it is also the highest roof Ferris wheel in China. It adopts radial spoke type, with a diameter of 88 meters and a height of 120 meters, which is equivalent to the height of a 40 story building. "Longan" has a total of 48 cars, and each car carries 4 people. All cars have air conditioning and music.

Nanchang star

Nanchang star Ferris wheel is located in Ganjiang citizen Park, Hongjiaozhou, Honggutan New District, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, with a height of 160 meters and a diameter of 153 meters. It was the highest Ferris wheel in the world when it was built in 2006.

It has 60 space capsules, each of which can accommodate 6-8 tourists. The cabin is equipped with LCD TV, air-conditioning walkie talkie, etc., which can accommodate about 360 people for sightseeing at the same time. You can have a panoramic view of the beautiful scenery of the Western Hills of Jiangxi water and all kinds of urban customs.

Nanchang star Ferris wheel has the world's largest clock, and 60 space capsules represent the 60 minute time scale respectively. The ferris wheel will adopt dual power supply and dual power system to ensure the safety of tourists. At the same time, the space capsule is also equipped with fire extinguisher, walkie talkie and life-saving rope barrel. In case of failure, tourists can go down along the rope to avoid danger. The ferris wheel rotates at a constant speed, but if a passenger has a sudden disease in the space capsule, such as heart disease, he can adjust the transportation speed by contacting the ground operation and control personnel through the walkie talkie, so that the patient can reach the ground quickly.

Changzhou

The ferris wheel is 89 meters high and costs 150 million yuan. The total weight of the steel structure is about 3000 tons. The main structure is a composite steel box girder structure with steel pipe truss support on the inside and 24 entertainment cabins on the outside. It is known as the "world's largest and domestic only" non spoke Ferris wheel. It is named "the turn of the day", which means that the 120 degree east longitude longitude circle the earth to form a ring, and the tourists enter the giant ring from the underground and return to the underground after a circle.

Suzhou

Suzhou Ferris wheel, the world's largest water Ferris wheel, is located on the south side of modern leisure Square in Suzhou park and beside Jinji Lake. The ferris wheel is 120 meters high and is currently the world's largest water Ferris wheel.

Suzhou Ferris wheel park is located in the East Bank of Jinji Lake in Suzhou Industrial Park, the cultural water corridor landscape area, and the south side of modern leisure square. It includes a giant Ferris wheel with a diameter of 120 meters and a variety of supporting amusement facilities. The project covers a total area of 3.768 hectares

Chinese PinYin : Mo Tian Lun