Xiuying Fort

It is located behind Xiuying village, north of haixiu Road, Haikou City. The fort consists of Gongbei, Zhendong, Dingxi, Zhenwu and Zhenwei. It is built in a straight line from east to West on a 200 meter long coastal hill. The gate of the gun faces north and faces the sea. The two platoons of barracks and ammunition depots are opposite each other. In the middle of them is the playground for the general exercises. On both sides, the ancient trees are towering, lush and full of vitality. The whole fort, together with its ancillary buildings, covers an area of about 10000 square meters. It was built in the 17th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1891 A.D.), and has been well preserved for hundreds of years. At that time, this fort was one of the famous coastal fort in China. Together with wuxiangkou fort in Shanghai, Dagu fort in Tianjin and Humen fort in Guangdong, it was known as the four big fort in China. It is a historical witness of Hainan people's fearlessness of violence and resistance to foreign humiliation. In 1985, Haikou municipal government announced that the fort was a key cultural relic protection unit at the municipal level. In May 2006, it was approved by the State Council and announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Xiuying Fort

Xiuying Fort is located in Xiuying village, haixiu Avenue, Southeast of Xiuying port area, Haikou City. It is a grand military facility in ancient Hainan. The original sea water area on the north side of the fort has been filled by the reclamation project. Xiuying Fort, Dagukou fort in Tianjin, Wusong fort in Shanghai and Humen fort in Guangdong were famous coastal fort in the late Qing Dynasty. They were important coastal defense barriers in modern Chinese history.

Xiuying Fort is a key cultural relic protection unit in China, a key cultural relic protection unit in Hainan Province, a patriotism education base and a youth moral education base in Hainan Province and Haikou City, and a base of "Chinese young eagles operation" in Haikou garrison district. It is located on Shimao South Road, haixiu Avenue, Haikou City. The administrative unit is the Hainan Military Region.

Xiuying Fort, together with Tianjin Dagu fort, Shanghai Wusong fort and Guangdong Humen fort, was built in 1891. It was one of the four famous coastal fort in the late Qing Dynasty. It was an important coastal defense barrier in China's modern history.

Haikou, formerly known as haikoupu, is the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of Hainan. Located at the north end of Hainan Island, it is on the Qiongzhou Strait and is on the Chinese mainland Leizhou peninsula. In the Ming Dynasty, the city was built for fortification, which was called Haikou Suo city; in the Qing Dynasty, the fort was built and Haikou division camp was set up to consolidate the coastal defense facilities.

However, due to the long history and other reasons, Xiuying Fort was closed in 2006 and was maintained and protected by the government. In 2013, Haikou invested more than 6 million yuan to repair Xiuying Fort, and it was reopened to citizens and tourists at the end of December that year.

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Layout structure

Xiuying Fort covers an area of more than 30000 square meters. It is built in a straight line from east to West on a 200 meter long coastal hill.

Significance of scale

The fort is built in a straight line from east to West on a coastal hill more than 240 meters long. The building is large-scale and rectangular. It is composed of Gongbei, Zhendong, Dingxi, Zhenwu and Zhenwei. The caliber of Gongbei steel gun, Zhendong and Dingxi steel guns, Zhenwu and Zhenwei steel guns are 0.24 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.15 meters respectively. The muzzle faces north and faces the sea. Its range controls the whole Haikou harbor. It is surrounded by solid city walls. There are tunnels inside, barracks and powder magazine on both sides, and stairs in the back section leading to the ground. The middle part of the battery area is the training ground, the east part is the command room, and the south part is the barracks. The whole fort and its subsidiary buildings cover a total area of 50 mu. The original cannons were burned during the great leap forward. Now the cannons on display are scaled down imitations. In the 1880s, the war between China and France broke out, and France attempted to invade Southwest China. At the same time, the southeast coastal areas were also threatened. In order to strengthen the defense of Qiongzhou, Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, sent Feng Zicai to lead his troops out of zhennanguan to resist the French invaders in 1887. At the same time, he joined Lei Qiong Dao Tai and Lei Qiong Bing Bei Dao waterway to lead Zhu CAI to inspect the coastal defense. He also appointed Zhu CAI and Chen Liangjie, a general of Haikou battalion, to collect more than 100000 liang of silver to build Jingang ridge on both sides of Xiuying village, which controls the throat of Qiongzhou Strait It took four years to build the fort. Xiuying Fort once played a role in the fight against the Japanese invasion of Hainan on February 10, 1939.

Five turrets

There are three big cannons "Zhendong", "Gongbei" and "Dingxi" and two small cannons "Zhenwu" and "Zhenwei". They are arranged from east to west, with a long span of 240 meters. Five big guns from German Krupp Arsenal lie in their positions, with their muzzle facing north and facing the sea, guarding the Qiongzhou Strait.

The inner part of the fort adopts the structure of open platform and dark room, all of which are made of red clay (foreign cement) and bluestone. Each fort is equipped with a command room, a hiding hole, an ammunition depot and a bullet feeding hole. The top of the barracks is equipped with an air circulation hole, and the five Fort tunnels are connected. Three Krupp cannons of 24 cm diameter and two Krupp cannons of 15 cm diameter, purchased from Germany, were placed in the concave bunker, using flowering iron eggs.

Along the steps up the Fort Road, the fort structure of the Ming Tai darkroom, surrounded by lush green trees and shrubs, has a great hiding effect, making it difficult to find the cannon from a distance. The five emplacements arranged in turn are hidden in the gun position. Only when you come to the front can you see the protruding muzzle clearly. The cannons are all placed on the base of the central axis, and the muzzle can move according to the needs. The most complete one is the last Zhenwei fort. The muzzle of the 15 cm caliber cannons is outward, and it seems to be ready to be on guard against the enemy all the time.

There are also training grounds and barracks in the south. The Haikou naval battalion is responsible for guarding the fortress. Chen Liangjie, the general, was the first station commander

Related history

In 1890, in order to resist the invasion of the French army, the Qing government ordered all the troops to strictly guard against the coastal ports. Zhang Zhidong, governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, inspected the situation in Haikou and ordered the construction of Xiuying Fort. The fort is built on a hill about 200 meters away from the coast, facing the sea, commanding the entire Qiongzhou Strait. There are five big and small fort, Gongbei, Zhendong, Dingxi for three big fort, Zhenwu, Zhenwei for two small fort. The five emplacements are in a straight line from east to west, facing north side by side, overlooking the sea and imposing. The five cannons were purchased from Krupp cannons factory in Germany. There is a command room on the southeast side of the fort and a training ground and barracks behind it. The whole area covers an area of 33000 square meters. Xiuying Fort is not only a grand military facility in ancient Hainan, but also one of the larger military facilities in ancient China.

Xiuying Fort is a historical witness of the Chinese nation's resistance to aggression and violence. After the outbreak of the Anti Japanese War, in February 1939, the Japanese army attacked Hainan. In the face of the powerful aggressors, the army and the people fought with blood and blood. Xiuying's ancient guns roared into the sky and beat the Japanese aggressors hard. It composed a heroic page of the people's indomitable and brave struggle in QiongYa. In modern times, with the invasion of foreign powers to China, the military defense status of Haikou area has become increasingly important. In the second Opium War, the Qing government was forced to sign the Treaty of Tianjin in 1858, and Qiongzhou (Haikou) was designated as a trading port by Western powers.

Now this important site has been officially announced as a provincial cultural relic protection unit by the provincial government, and has been determined as the national defense education base of Haikou City. In the 1880s, the Sino French war broke out, and France attempted to invade Southwest China. At the same time, the southeast coastal areas were threatened. In order to strengthen the defense of Qiongzhou, the Qing dynasty built Xiuying Fort in 1891, and built five fort in Gongbei, Zhendong, Dingxi, Zhenwu and Zhenwei, each with a cannon.

Cultural relics protection

In 1985, Haikou municipal government announced that the fort was a key cultural relic protection unit at the municipal level.

On May 25, 2006, the State Council announced that it was the Sixth Batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Close down

Xiuying Fort had been repaired and opened to the outside world, but it closed down in March 2006 for various reasons. The bricks and stones of the five emplacements fell off, the internal water seepage was serious, the courtyard was overgrown with weeds, and the ancillary facilities were dilapidated.

Repair work started

On October 18, 2013, the repair of Haikou Xiuying Fort started, with a total investment of 5.9388 million yuan, including two parts of cultural relic repair and comprehensive environmental improvement. In the aspect of cultural relic renovation, the collapsed rubble retaining wall, Zhenwei platform, Dingxi platform, Gongbei platform, Zhenwu platform, command post, barracks, ammunition depot and other single buildings on the north side of Xiuying Fort were repaired; in the aspect of environmental comprehensive renovation, the external walls were cleaned and painted, the damaged doors and windows were replaced, and new facilities such as barrier free access, blind road, table stool, garbage can, and signs were added. It has been opened to the public in the form of a heritage park.

Address: No.3, Shimao South Road, Longhua District, Haikou City

Longitude: 110.3099755859

Latitude: 20.02099908447

Ticket information: 10 yuan in peak season, 8 yuan in off season, half price for students.

Opening hours: opened

Chinese PinYin : Xiu Ying Pao Tai