Huangchenggen Heritage Park

Huangchenggen Heritage Park

Huangchenggen site park, the largest Street Park in the center of Beijing, was officially opened on September 11, 2001. The park starts from Chang'an Street in the South and ends at Ping'an Avenue in the north, with a greening area of 90%. After excavation, an open-air "Museum" was built for people to visit. In the middle of the park, there is a garden spot with the theme of old Beijing courtyard, and 10 springs are designed by using the terrain drop. Six sculptures and three groups of reliefs in the park show the unique cultural environment and historical context of the ancient capital Beijing.

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About the park

Huangchenggen site park is built on the site of donghuangchenggen, the second wall of Beijing City in Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is adjacent to the north and South Heyan street in the west, Chenguang street in the East, East Chang'an Street in the South and Ping'an Street in the north. It is 2.4 km in length and 29 m in average width. It is like a green ribbon connecting the Forbidden City and Wangfujing business district. With the theme of "green and humanity", it creates the four seasons landscape of "Meilan spring rain", "Yuquan summer cool", "Yinfeng autumn color" and "Songzhu DongCui", restores a small section of the city wall, displays the wall base of the Imperial City, embellishes sculptures and borrows scenery, and reflects the historical development and cultural progress, creating a fresh, beautiful, elegant and modern urban environment in the bustling downtown .

Huangchenggen site park, located between the Forbidden City and Wangfujing pedestrian street, is the location of the east wall of Huangchenggen in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Since the Yuan Dynasty, Beijing has been composed of three parts: the Forbidden City, the imperial city and the outer city. The innermost part is the Forbidden City, which is now the Forbidden City. The outermost part is the outer city, which is now the first line of the Second Ring Road, and the middle part is the imperial city.

Landscape recommendation

Huangchenggen ruins park is 2.8 kilometers long and 29 meters wide. There are seven cultural landscapes in the park, including the stone map of Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the remains of underground wall foundation, the restoration of a small section of the old imperial city wall, the courtyard between Dongchang and Cuihua Hutong, and the sculpture of China and France University. It will also be decorated with fountains, sketches and sculptures to form four seasons of scenery, such as "Meilan spring rain", "Yuquan summer cool", "silver maple autumn color", "pine and bamboo winter green".

Flowering calendar

March to April: Magnolia, forsythia, Yingchun, Haitang, Bitao, ziye plum.

May November: rose.

April November: seasonal flowers.

July August: Hosta.

July September: crape myrtle.

Construction background

Beijing, with a history of more than 800 years, has formed a triple pattern of internal, internal and external since the Yuan Dynasty. The center is the Forbidden City, the Forbidden City. The outer part of the Forbidden City is the imperial city. The outer part of the imperial city is called the inner city, which is roughly bounded by the second ring road of Beijing. After the reconstruction of the Forbidden City in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, the triple structure of Beijing became more clear and complete. By the end of the 20th century, the Forbidden City was well preserved and listed as a world cultural heritage. Although the inner city had been demolished, people could still vaguely see its location. Only the imperial city. Since the city wall was demolished in the early Republic of China, people continued to build houses, and the imperial city gradually disappeared in people's memory. To this end, part of the imperial city was renovated and a park of Imperial City root site was built. The construction of Huangchenggen ruins park has greatly improved the traffic conditions, the living conditions and the surrounding environment. Nowadays, people are wandering in the park like a green cultural and leisure corridor. They are no longer dilapidated brick and tile sheds, but a piece of vigorous grass, green trees and flowers. With its unique and profound charm, the imperial city site calls on us to explore and protect its rich cultural connotation, and also provides us with an excellent space to inherit a long history and display modern civilization.

Maintaining history

The inner city wall of Beijing has a circumference of 24 Li. Because the city was demolished 30 years ago, only two Ming City Wall sites near the turret in the southeast corner and from DongBianMen to Chongwenmen are left, which is a sign of the historical development of Beijing. The Beijing municipal government plans to build the section from DongBianMen to Chongwenmen into a Ming City Wall Site Park.

The park is a strip of public green space along the 200 meter long city wall ruins.

In the 9 hectare area of tengtui District, 16 enterprises and 1800 households will be relocated. The demolition will begin on November 25, 2001. The first phase of the Ming Dynasty City Wall Ruins Park is to restore the 57.6-meter-long "horse face". The original city wall is two or three hundred meters long and needs millions of ancient city bricks. The restoration of the Ming City Wall decided not to use a new brick, but to use old materials and techniques to restore it to its original appearance. Different from Huangchenggen Ruins Park, it will be as old as before.

Current situation of the park

The park will be a strip of public green space along the 200 meter long city wall ruins. The green space is divided into five functional areas: old Beijing nanchenggen cultural area, modern sculpture park, DongBianMen turret public leisure place, Chenglou Ruins Park Memorial forest, Beijing station south exit and square.

history

Huangchenggen site park, located between the Forbidden City and Wangfujing pedestrian street, is the location of the east wall of Huangchenggen in Ming and Qing Dynasties. The city of Beijing in Ming Dynasty was composed of Forbidden City, Imperial City, inner city and outer city. In the Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, Beijing city was built at the beginning (later called inner city), and the Forbidden City was in the middle. The imperial city was built around the Forbidden City. During the Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, a new outer city of Beijing was built in the south of Beijing.

Internal introduction

More than 1800 trees such as magnolia, Ginkgo biloba, Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus bungeana, Sophora japonica and Acer truncatum will be planted in the park, and more than 30000 shrubs such as clove, Chimonanthus praecox, rose, taipinghua, pomegranate, Ligustrum lucidum and Euonymus japonicus will be planted, and 6800 square meters of lawn will be paved. The total green area will reach 75000 square meters. According to the plan, the park will try not to build, reduce hard pavement, and the greening rate will reach more than 90%.

Culture

The imperial city was formed in Dadu of the Yuan Dynasty. It was called "Xiaoqiang" in the Yuan Dynasty, which played an important role in defending the imperial palace. In the feudal dynasty, there were only government offices in the Imperial City, but no residents. The Huangchenggen Heritage Park, built in the year of the new century, has invested more than 800 million yuan. It is a major investment in Beijing's municipal construction, and is also the largest Street Park completely open in Beijing.

Speaking of the imperial city of Beijing, many people don't know much about it. According to the famous scholar Hou Renzhi, "the old city of Beijing is well planned, the palace buildings are magnificent, and the feudal capital of the world is incomparable." "At the beginning of the planning of the old city, the Forbidden City was surrounded by the Imperial City, and there was an inner city outside the imperial city. Later, the outer city was added to the south of the big city, so there were inner and outer cities. There are nine gates in the inner city and seven gates in the outer city. Besides each gate, there are also urn and arrow towers, which are also different. In the four corners of the inner and outer cities, arrow towers were built respectively, so the shape of the city defense was magnificent, which was unprecedented in any previous capital. " From this point of view, since the Ming Dynasty, the imperial capital has three and a half circles. The most central palace is the Forbidden City as the imperial palace. The second circle is the imperial city. Outside the imperial city is the inner city, and the outermost half circle is only in the south, which is the outer city.

The walls of the imperial city had not been greatly renovated until the Qing Dynasty, but had been repaired many times. According to the records of the unified annals of the Qing Dynasty, about 18 Li around the Imperial City, the total length should be 3304 Zhang. According to the book of the Qing Dynasty, the wall of the imperial city is 3656zhang5 feet. The wall of the imperial city is different from that of the inner and outer cities. In fact, it is a wall with a height of 18 feet, a width of 6 feet, and a width of 5 feet and 2 inches. All the walls are built with bricks, with a small amount of broken bricks and stones in the middle. The walls are painted with red chalkiness, and the top is covered with yellow glazed tiles. The Qing dynasty fell and entered the Republic of China. Due to the need of municipal engineering, the imperial city wall was demolished one after another in the mid-1920s. Up to now, only one section in the south is left, that is, the "red wall of Tian'anmen Gate" standing from the east side of Tian'anmen Gate tower to nanheyan street intersection and from the west side to Fuyoujie street intersection. The other three imperial city walls and three gates have disappeared. However, during the municipal construction of xihuangchenggen in Beijing, the foundation site of the city wall was excavated, and during the construction of Huangchenggen Heritage Park, the old foundation site of donganmen was excavated.

Modern planning

Huangchenggen Heritage Park is an important project to realize the overall planning of Beijing, improve the environment of the city center and protect the style and features of the ancient capital. Starting from Chang'an Street in the South and Ping'an Avenue in the north, the park is about 2.8 km long and 29 m wide, covering an area of 7.5 hectares. In order to show the remains of the imperial city wall and reflect the historical features of the ancient capital, a small section of the city wall was rebuilt at the north end of the park. The nodes such as dong'anmen gate, Sino French university, Beida Red Mansion, south end point and north end point were selected to excavate and display the remains of the underground wall foundation. The natural landscape was built with sculptures and reliefs to make the general image of the ancient city of Beijing more complete. According to the literature, donganmen gate is seven rooms wide, about 35 meters wide and 15 meters deep. It is quite grand and magnificent. Historical photos can reveal its original appearance. It is the gate that gives the name to Beijing's famous donganmen street and donganmen market. During the construction of the park, the remains of the original site of Dong'an gate were found, and an open-air "Museum" was specially opened underground. The restoration of the imperial city wall and the opening of exhibitions provide rich and detailed material views for people today to understand and study the history, culture, society and other aspects of the feudal capital of China, and to arouse modern people's memories of the imperial city of Beijing

Chinese PinYin : Huang Cheng Gen Yi Zhi Gong Yuan