Wannian Temple

Wannian Temple

Wannian temple, one of the oldest ancient temples in Mount Emei, Sichuan Province, is said to be the Buddhist rites of Pugong, an old man who collected herbs in the Han Dynasty; it was named Puxian temple when it was founded in the fifth year of Long'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (401); it was rebuilt in Huitong in the third year of Qianfu in the Tang Dynasty (876); it was renamed Baishui temple in the Song Dynasty.

Wannian temple was rebuilt in the 28th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1600). It was granted the title of "Shengshou Wannian Temple" by Shenzong, and has been called up to now. Wannian temple is one of the Eight Temples in Mount Emei and one of the key temples in China. It has many scenic spots, such as Wuliang brick hall, majestic hall, white pool and so on.

Wannian temple has a parking lot nearby, which is connected with a cableway. Therefore, many tourists who come to Emei Mountain take Wannian temple as one of the starting points of official climbing from bottom to top. Other tourists regard it as the end of the mountain tour. In addition, Tiantai Mountain in Zhejiang Province has the same temple with a long history.

Brief introduction to temples

Wannian temple is located in Mount Emei, Sichuan Province. It is about 15 kilometers up from Baoguo temple at the foot of the mountain. It is located at the foot of Guanxin mountain. It meets Daping, niuxin and other temples as well as stalagmites and Bomeng peaks. The altitude is 1020 meters,

It is one of the main temples in Mount Emei and one of the key temples in China.

Founded in the period of Long'an in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (397-401), it is a famous Puxian temple built by master Huizhi. In 876, it was rebuilt and renamed Baishui temple; in Song Dynasty, it was also named Baishui Puxian temple; in Wanli of Ming Dynasty, it was renamed Shengshou Wannian temple.

Layout structure

The former palace is seven fold in size, but it was abandoned several times later. In 1946, the fire almost destroyed the brick palace of the Ming Dynasty. The existing palace is two fold, which was rebuilt in 1953. The brick palace was built in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty (1573-1620). It is a domed square beamless palace with a height of 16 meters and a length of 15.7 meters on each side.

Wannian temple has magnificent mountain gate, Maitreya hall, Guanyin hall, Prajna hall, Pilu hall, Wuliang hall, majestic hall, Daxiong hall, bell and Drum Tower, Xingyuan hall, gardens, pavilions, pools and so on. The Garden Temple has become the largest temple in Mount Emei. There is a famous "Xingyuan building" at the back of the brick hall without beams. Inside, there are three treasures of Wannian Temple: Buddha's tooth, Beiye Sutra and imperial seal. Buddha's tooth was given by foreign friends in Ming Dynasty. According to the identification of scientists, it is a fossil of ancient saber tooth elephant. The Baya sutra was presented by the king of Siam (today's Thailand) in the Ming Dynasty. It was written in Sanskrit (ancient Indian) and fahua Sutra. The imperial seal was given by Zhu Yiyao, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, when he built a brick hall without beams.

The imperial seal, one of the three treasures, is the most precious one. The square seal is 13 cm square and weighs 4 kg. It is a seal granted by Emperor Wanli of Ming Dynasty. It is engraved with the words of "great Ming Wanli, imperial edict grant to Eshan, imperial Title brick hall, universal sage wish King's treasure".

Inscriptions in the temple

There are many steles in the temple, the most famous of which is the "first mountain stele" written by the calligrapher Mi Fu of Song Dynasty.

It is recorded in the dictionary of Chinese scenic spots, the dictionary of Chinese scenic spots and some Buddhist books. In the white pool, the mountain shadow is slanting; outside the temple, the red leaves fly in the autumn. Water is like wind, white water is like autumn wind. "White water and autumn breeze" is a natural scenery, which was praised as one of the "ten scenes of Emei" by Tan Zhongyue, a scholar in Qing Dynasty.

In the 1950s and 1960s, marshals Zhu De, Chen Yi and he long came to Wannian temple to enjoy orchid tea. The famous tea "Zhuyeqing" in Emei Mountain was created by Temple monks, and marshal Chen Yi named it in the temple. Today, there are about 20 mu of tea mountain in the temple.

In 1980, when Deng Xiaoping inspected Mount Emei, he stayed in room 12 on the second floor of the wing room of the towering Hall of the temple on July 8.

Historical evolution

Wannian temple was founded in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and was named Puxian temple at that time. It was rebuilt and renamed Baishui Temple by Zen master Huitong at the time of emperor Fu Zong of Tang Dynasty. It was renamed Baishui Puxian temple in Song Dynasty. The Emperor Zhu Yijun of Shenzong of Ming Dynasty inscribed "Shengshou Wannian Temple" for short, Wannian temple, which is one of the earliest six ancient temples in Mount Emei.

In 399 A.D., Huizhi, the younger brother of Huiyuan, a Daoan man, left for Sichuan Province to "see Emei and rejuvenate MINXIU", and soon went to Mount Emei to establish Puxian temple.

In the Tang Dynasty (887-888 AD), Huitong Zen master came to the mountain and settled in tin. The temple was built and destroyed repeatedly because of the image of the mountain. He changed "three clouds and two waters" to suppress Mars. He changed Puxian temple to Baishui temple, niuxin temple to woyun temple, Zhongfeng temple to Jiyun temple, Huayan Temple to Guiyun Pavilion, and Huazang temple to Heishui temple. (Heishui temple is built on erduoyan in Heishui village, huangwan township. It has been abandoned. It is two temples with Huazang temple in Jinding.)

Related allusions

In the fifth year of the Taiping reign of the Song Dynasty, monk Maozhen, a monk of the temple, received an imperial edict to enter the court. After returning, six temples were revived. The imperial court sent Zhang renzan to bestow 3000 taels of gold on the Shangfang, casting a bronze statue of Puxian for worship in the temple, which was renamed Baishui Puxian temple. The bronze statue of Puxian is 7.85 meters high and weighs about 62 tons.

The Buddha is 3.64 meters high and sits on the lotus seat on the back of the elephant. The rosette is 1.39 m high and 2.22 m in diameter. Six teeth white elephant, four feet each step on a lotus Deng. Puxian Bodhisattva is covered with gold and wears a double gold crown with exquisite carving. In the 13th year of Jiajing reign of the Ming Dynasty, biezhuan Zen master cast three bronze statues of Buddha, built Pilu Hall of the temple, and cast three bronze bells. The largest one is hung in Shengji Temple (now moved to the opposite side of the Mountain Gate of Baoguo Temple), and the small two are placed in Pilu hall and Yongyan Temple respectively.

Main building

In the 29th year of Wanli (1601), Zhu Yijun, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, celebrated the birthday of his mother, Empress Dowager CI Sheng Huang. He ordered the abbot Taiquan to renovate the temple and give gold to build a brick hall to cover the bronze statue of Pu Xian, with the title of "Shengshou Wannian Temple". Today's Wannian temple was restored in 1954 with funds from the people's government, including Daxiong hall, weie hall, Xingyuan building and Zhaitang. The mountain gate, Maitreya hall, Pilu hall and Prajna hall were built in 1986. In 1991, the Youming bell tower on the left and the drum tower corridor and wall on the right were rebuilt, making it the largest temple in Mount Emei. It is well-known in China.

Beautiful scenery in the temple

Wannian temple is located in the middle of Mount Emei, with an altitude of 800-1900 meters. The trees are mainly broad-leaved trees, with coniferous trees in between, which help the spring and autumn mountains have distinct colors. In spring, the mountains are green; in autumn, the maple leaves are yellow, poetic and picturesque, intoxicating.

In the area of Wannian temple, the villager's houses are scattered, just like a picture of peaceful mountain scenery. Wannian temple is one of the Eight Temples in Mount Emei. It was founded in Jin Dynasty and called Puxian temple. It was renamed Baishui temple in Tang Dynasty and Baishui Puxian temple in Song Dynasty. Wannian temple is at the foot of xixinling, 1020 meters above sea level. The Tiancheng white pool is located on the flat hill on the left side of the temple gate. Up to now, the water is as clear as a mirror, and the mountain shadow and moonlight are often reflected in the pool. The water and sky are the same color, also known as the bright moon pool. It is the place where Tang poet Li Bai visited Emei, Changliu temple, and Gao monk Wenjun in the temple played the piano and wrote poems. There was a monument by the pond where Li Bai of Tang Dynasty listened to master Guangjun playing the piano.

Wannian temple, 1020 meters above sea level, is the first of the six ancient temples in Mt. Emei. It is located on a peak rising from the mountains under Camel Mountain.

Scene of the original site

The temple's original hall is seven heavy and large-scale. After several years of development and abolishment, there is only a brick hall without beams in Ming Dynasty. When the Ming Dynasty was rebuilt, it imitated the techniques and styles of building temples in India and Myanmar. The length and width of the main hall were 16 meters, and the four walls were all built with bricks. When it reached 7.7 meters, it gradually turned inward and built into a dome shaped vault, on which were painted four heavenly girls holding pipa, konghou and dizixianju.

The whole hall has no beams, no columns and no wood, so it is called "no beam hall". The walls of the hall are decorated with round arches, vertical columns, window lattice and other wood like structures.

There are five white pagodas and four auspicious animals on the dome. There are many Buddha statues on the top wall of the dome. Originally, there were 3000 iron Buddha statues, 12 Jin people statues and 500 Luohan statues. The shape is simple and simple. It is called "the Thousand Buddhas' reign of Puxian". Now, in the middle of the dome, there is a bronze statue of Puxian Bodhisattva, which is 7.35 meters high and weighs 62 tons. It was cast in 980, the fifth year of the Taiping reign of the Song Dynasty.

The Bodhisattva is serene, sitting on the lotus throne, wearing the golden crown of five Buddhas, holding Ruyi in hand, full-bodied and solemn; the petals of the lotus blossom furiously, overlapping four layers. Under the seat, the white elephant with six teeth has a vigorous posture, big ears drooping, nose touching the ground, and four feet standing on the lotus platform.

Puxian, also known as "Tongji" and "sanmantodra", represents virtue. It is said that this Bodhisattva has the virtue of prolonging his life and has made ten great wishes. Therefore, he became the master of virtue and the practitioner of virtue, and was honored as "the great sage". And the line of justice, quiet heavy than the elephant, so the sages often ride six teeth white elephant.

Folklore

There is a rectangular pool on the right side of the temple. It is said that Guangjun, a monk of Tang Dynasty, once played the piano for Li Bai. Therefore, there is a poem "listen to shuseng Jun play the piano" sung by Li Bai for thousands of years. The poem day: "shuseng embraces Lvqi and goes down to Emei peak in the West. Wave your hand for me, like listening to Wanhe pine.

Guest heart wash water, I ring into the frost bell. I don't feel the dusk of the green mountains and the dark clouds of autumn. " Later generations built a pavilion beside the white pool to commemorate it, with a wooden plate engraved with "Li Bai's piano listening place in the Tang Dynasty".

Originally known as the Wuliang hall, it is called the Wuliang brick hall because of its brick structure. It was built in the 28th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1600). It was built by Emperor Wanli for his mother's birthday.

The hall is 17.12 meters high, 15.79 meters wide and 16.06 meters deep. It has a semicircular hollow dome on the top and a square base on the bottom, which is like a yurt, symbolizing a round sky and a place. The walls and roofs of the hall, even the lintels, architraves, and window lattice were all made of brick. The hall is carved with double eaves, with embroidered lattice and small windows. The gate Yin is engraved with the situation of the whole Sichuan mountains and rivers, the yuncang sword Pavilion and the land and water journey.

Chinese PinYin : Wan Nian Si