Alsophila spinulosa Nature Reserve

·Guyou is the first national Alsophila spinulosa Nature Reserve in China.

·After long-term weathering and denudation, the red sandstone exposed in Jurassic develops along the joint direction, forming "Danxia landform" with unique landscape.

·It also maintains a good original ecological environment. The number of Alsophila spinulosa is more than 40000. Alsophila spinulosa is a kind of tall woody tree fern 200 million years ago. Generally, the plant height is 1-6 meters, and the highest is nearly 10 meters.

·The National Tourism Administration has established the original "China Jurassic ecological park" here, where people can return to nature and cultivate their sentiment. It is the best resort for ecotourism.

Alsophila spinulosa Nature Reserve

Chishui Alsophila spinulosa National Nature Reserve (abbreviated as Alsophila spinulosa reserve) in Guizhou Province mainly protects the rare and endangered animals, plants and natural ecosystems, covering an area of 13300 hectares.

survey

geographical position

Cymbao district is located in Chishui City, Northwest Guizhou Province, with geographical coordinates of 105 ° 57'54 "~ 106 ° 7'7" E and 28 ° 20'17 "~ 28 ° 20'40" n. The highest point is 1730.1m and the lowest point is 331.5m. The whole area is composed of three river valleys, namely, Zhanhe River, Jinsha River and Banqiao River, with a total area of 133 square kilometers. It borders Xishui County in the southeast, Chishui highway and Chishui River in the northwest, 480km away from Guiyang City, 230km away from Chongqing city and 350km away from Chengdu City.

climate

The area has a humid monsoon climate in the middle subtropics, and the valley has a climate similar to that in the south subtropics. The climate in the region is characterized by radiation, less sunshine, high temperature, high humidity, abundant precipitation, more cloudy and rainy days, and large vertical difference. Affected by the terrain and climate conditions, the total radiation of the sun to the ground is weakened. The annual total radiation of the valley is about 2600 MJ / m2 · a, and that of the peak is about 3100 MJ / m2 · a. This area is one of the areas with the least sunshine in China. The valley lasts less than 650 hours and the peak lasts less than 1000 hours. There is no severe cold in winter and no severe heat in summer. The average temperature in January is 7.5 ℃ and the extreme minimum temperature is - 2.1 ℃; the average temperature in July is 27.3 ℃ and the extreme maximum temperature is 41.3 ℃. The valley is basically free of frost and snow throughout the year, with a frost free period of 340-350 days. The average annual precipitation in the area is 1200-1300mm, and the average precipitation on the windward slope raised by warm and humid air flow is more than 1500mm. The precipitation in summer is more than 44% of the annual precipitation, followed by spring and autumn, and the least in winter. The rainy season is from April to October, and the precipitation accounts for 80% of the whole year. The average relative humidity of the valley is 90%, the highest from December to January, more than 90% on average, and the lowest from April to may, 88%.

hydrology

The first tributaries of Chishui River are Qizhan River, Jinsha River and Banqiao River, which originate from and flow through the area. Zhanhe river originates at the foot of huluping mountain, the highest point in the area, with a total length of 26.5km and a drainage area of 70.8km2. Jinsha River originates from Liangzi, yanxiaogou, Dongzi, with a total length of 11.9km and a drainage area of 42km2. Banqiao River originates from Shaoji wanliangzi, with a total length of 11.8km and a drainage area of 40 square kilometers. The discharge of the river in the area is 0.955 m3 / s in the normal period, 0.4 m3 / s in the dry period, and the maximum peak discharge is 150 m3 / s. In the area, the forest vegetation is good, the soil permeability is strong, the groundwater storage is rich, the runoff is about 0.4 m3 / s, and the runoff modulus in dry season is 9.11/s · km2. The water and soil loss in the area is less than 0.9kg/m3 except in flood season.

geology

The exposed strata in Zaobao area are upper Cretaceous (K2) Jiaguan formation (k2i), which are brick red, purple red, brown to grayish purple thick massive feldspar and quartz sandstone. Outside, Jurassic strata can be seen, and only middle Jurassic (J2x of lower Shaximiao formation, J2x of Upper Shaximiao formation, j2sn of Zhuning formation) and Middle Jurassic (J3p of Penglai formation) are exposed nearby. In low-lying areas and gentle slopes, there are Quaternary deposits of purple, brown, yellow and brown clay, loam, sand or sandy loam. Due to gravity collapse and flood alluvial, residual rock blocks and sand and stone piles of different sizes are common in valleys, depressions and gentle slopes.

The geological structure is a part of Southeast Sichuan fold bundle in Zhongtai depression of Sichuan Province, which is called Chishui fold bundle in Guizhou Province. The structural system of Zaobao area is located in the area where the east-west and North-South latitudinal structural systems intersect and compound. It is located in the south wing of dabaitang syncline near the axis of "Chishui Qijiang structural belt" of "Sichuan Guizhou latitudinal structural system". From Sinian to Triassic, the area is a relatively stable geosyncline or subsidence zone, without strong folds and faults. From Jurassic to Cretaceous, the red clastic rock formation with a thickness of 3000-4000 m, i.e. sandstone and mudstone tile, was deposited in this area as in adjacent areas. After the "Sichuan movement" at the end of Yanshanian period, the strata and structures before Cretaceous and before were folded and fractured, forming a series of long and narrow symmetrical and asymmetric linear facies in this area, with east-west and North-South latitudes It is a transitional fold structure system. This is the geological basis for the development of geomorphology in this area.

landforms

This area is located in the northwest slope of the North Branch of the North Qilou mountains in the north of Guizhou Plateau, and it is the foothill of the slope to the Sichuan Basin, which can also be said to be the slope of the southern edge of the Sichuan Basin. Most of the valleys in the area are in the shape of "V" or "U", and the narrow valley covers the barrier valley. The general trend of terrain in the area is high in the southeast and low in the northwest. The three main rivers in the area all originate from southeast to northwest, flow through the area and then flow into Chishui River. Watershed is the boundary of the area, and its altitude is above 1200m, and the highest huluping is 1730.1m. The altitude of the valley is between 331 and 700m, and the lowest is 331.5m. The relative elevation difference in the area is 1398.6m, which leads to the great vertical difference of climate and the formation of different climatic vegetation. The northeast and southeast of the area are mountains, forming a natural barrier, which makes the area closed and brings convenience to the management of the area. The surface of the area is strongly cut, with high mountains and steep slopes, steep river channels, numerous waterfalls and beautiful natural landscape.

soil

The main strata in Zaobao area are Jiaguan formation and Guankou formation of Upper Cretaceous, the former is brick red, brown red and purplish red thick block feldspar quartz sandstone. The main minerals are feldspar, quartz, mica, amphibole, apatite, garnet, chert and a small amount of calcite. The chemical composition is Al2O3, Fe2O3, Cao, MgO, Na2O, K2O, etc. The soil is mainly non zonal purple soil, which is mature and deep, up to 50 ~ 100cm. There is little or no parent rock debris in the topsoil. Calcareous purple soil is also developed in some areas with weak leaching of purple soil. Yellow soil, which is developed from the remains of ancient weathering crust of purple sand shale, is distributed in the area above 800m above sea level.

The situation of the resources in the conservation area

Climatic and hydrological resources

The results show that the climate above 700m is humid monsoon climate in middle subtropical zone, and the valley below 700m is subtropical climate. Abundant water and heat resources bring unique conditions for the survival and development of biodiversity. The daily average temperature is more than 10 ℃, the accumulated temperature is 3614 ~ 5720 ℃, and the average annual precipitation is 1200 ~ 1300mm. Abundant water and heat conditions are suitable for the development of agriculture and forestry. Due to the lush forest, good soil permeability, strong water abundance of rocks, less sunshine and small evaporation, the groundwater resources in the area are very rich, with 29200 m3 / D in dry season and 43900 m3 / D in average. The water quality is HCO3 ca. The pH value is 6.9 ~ 7.05, which belongs to fresh water. After testing, it is not polluted. It is an excellent domestic water and industrial water. As a natural purified water, it has a very broad prospect. In the area, the streams of Zhuozhan River, Jinsha River and Banqiao River are continuous all the year round, and the flow is relatively stable. Hushi power station, Jinsha power station and Banqiao power station are built, so there is still great potential for the development of small hydropower.

Biological resources

The unique climate conditions and abundant water and heat resources in the area create a good environment for the development of biodiversity. According to the preliminary investigation results, there are more than 2500 kinds of animals and plants in the area, among which more than 10 are new to Guizhou, new to mainland, new to China and endemic to China. Xiaohuanghua tea is the first class protected plant in Guizhou, Alsophila spinulosa and Taxus chinensis are the first class protected rare and endangered plants in China, Fokienia hodginsii and changbanjianzhu tea are the second class protected plants in China, and Manglietia chinensis, Coptis chinensis, Gastrodia elata, Zhennan, Illicium verum and Cephalotaxus fortunei are the third class protected plants in China. There are 9 species of animals under the first-class national protection, including clouded leopard, second-class national protection, Tibetan chieftain monkey, macaque, black bear, pangolin, Sumen antelope, forest musk deer, otter, big civet and little civet; and there are white pheasant, red pheasant, red pheasant, kite, common, kestrel, spotted bunting resident bird, white tailed Harrier, white crowned pheasant and zhouniao bird under the second-class protection A total of 10 species, in addition to the national key protection of the above species, there are some rare species. The new species include the provincial protected species in Guizhou Province, such as nymphalid butterfly, red headed Rhododendron, Guizhou small headed snake, red water crab, maoguan deer, etc.

Chinese PinYin : Suo Luo Zi Ran Bao Hu Qu