North Gate

It belongs to a street in the Hui people's block. Famous shops such as jiasanguan Tangbao also have branches here. The night market is lively and you can enjoy the night scenery

North Gate

Beiyuanmen is a tourism and leisure pedestrian street in the ancient capital Xi'an. It is located on the north side of the east section of the West Street. It starts from the West Street in the South and ends at xihuamen street in the north. It is 560 meters long and 15 meters wide, with the architectural style of Ming and Qing Dynasties. In the Qing Dynasty, to the west of Zhuba City, which is connected with the south entrance of this street, there was the governor's Yamen of Shaanxi and Gansu Province, which was called "South court", while the governor's Yamen located at the north entrance of this street was called "North Court" correspondingly, so "North Court" got its name.

Beiyuanmen was originally a part of the imperial city of Tang Dynasty. It was the place where Cixi and Guangxu took refuge in Xi'an in the 26th year of Guangxu of Qing Dynasty (1900). Jingzhao mansion in Song Dynasty, Fengyuan road in Yuan Dynasty, Xi'an mansion in Ming and Qing Dynasty, Shaanxi governor Yamen in Qing Dynasty, Guanzhong road in the period of the Republic of China, and Xi'an Municipal People's government after the founding of the people's Republic of China were all located in the jurisdiction.

history

The name of Beiyuanmen began in Qing Dynasty. In the early Qing Dynasty, the Executive Office of Shaanxi governor's Department was located in the north of the drum tower, opposite to the Executive Office of Shaanxi Gansu governor's department in the south of the drum tower. The governor's Department was called the "North Court", and the North-South Street opposite to the gate of the North Court was called the north gate. The governor's Yamen is called the "South court", and the street opposite it is called the South court.

Although Beiyuanmen got its name from Qing Dynasty, it has a long history. Beiyuanmen belonged to the Imperial City in Tang Dynasty, and Shangshu province was located here. At the end of Tang Dynasty, Han Jian changed the former Chang'an imperial city into a new city, and Beiyuanmen area became a residential area.

According to the Xi'an Dictionary of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Beiyuanmen street was formed after the drum tower was built in 1380, but the name of the street at that time has no evidence. The city map of Xi'an in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty shows that the area near the drum tower was the area where "yamen" concentrated. In the north of the drum tower, there is "duchayuan", which is the supervisory organ of the Ming Dynasty. In the northwest, there is "xunyingchayuan", in the southwest, there is "yichasi", in the southeast, there is "Xi'an Prefecture", and in the East, there is "buzhengsi".

From the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, Beiyuanmen was located in xuanpingli, but it was changed to xuanpingfang in the middle and late Qing Dynasty.

In the Qing Dynasty, the north of Beiyuanmen street was facing the governor's Yamen of Shaanxi Province. In addition, there were "grain department" and "minister Department" in the east of the street. From the Ming Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, Beiyuanmen was the area where the government concentrated.

In 1900, the Allied forces of the eight powers invaded Beijing. Cixi fled West with Guangxu to Xi'an and lived in Beiyuanmen. However, the fleeing of the defeated country brought new business opportunities for Beiyuanmen, which suddenly doubled the prosperity of Beiyuanmen.

After arriving in Xi'an, Empress Dowager Cixi first lived in the South courtyard, but she hated the bad environment of the South courtyard and moved to the governor yamen of the north courtyard. From then on, the north courtyard was known as the "Xinggong". From 1900 to 1901, Beiyuan became the administrative center of the whole country at that time. Official documents, official visits and provincial tribute were all handled in Beiyuan. At the same time, all kinds of banks and shops in Beiyuanmen came into being and flourished. Until the Republic of China, Beiyuanmen was still a commercial area.

According to the records in the old streets and alleys of Xi'an, after Cixi and his party left Xi'an in 1901, the Imperial Palace in the north courtyard was empty, because according to the regulations of the Qing Dynasty, no one could use the place where the emperor lived. It is said that fan Zengxiang of FanTai, Shaanxi Province, was dismissed by the Qing government because he invited a guest here. He claimed that he would never continue to use it. Later, he was interceded by the prime minister Zhang Zhidong, and was used again a year later.

In the period of the Republic of China, Beiyuan became a political center in Xi'an. After the revolution of 1911, both Zhang Fengdan and Lu Jianzhang lived in Beiyuan. In 1921, Feng Yuxiang also lived here when he was in charge of Shaanxi Province. It is said that there are "Si Lai Tang" and "Li Seng Lou" in the north courtyard. The name of lisenglou comes from the fact that Chen Shufan, the governor of Shaanxi Province, imprisoned Hu Jingyi, the fourth commander of the Yasukuni army.

During the period of the Republic of China, Beiyuan was the seat of the provincial government for a long time. Before the Xi'an Incident, Shao Lizi, chairman of Shaanxi provincial government, lived in Beiyuan. During the Anti Japanese War, when sun weiru was chairman of Shaanxi Province, he also lived in Beiyuan. The middle section of Beiyuanmen Street East was once a part of the "governor's office" in the Republic of China.

"Northwest Huangpu" Military Academy was set up in Beiyuanmen and became the seat of Xi'an municipal government after liberation. During the period of the Republic of China, Beiyuan had a military school called "the second Huangpu". In February 1927, the first period of KMT communist cooperation, under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping (then known as Deng Xixian), "Zhongshan military and political school" was established in Xi'an "Beiyuan". The school's location became the seat of Xi'an Municipal People's government after the founding of the people's Republic of China. Shi kexuan, a member of the Communist Party, is the president of the school, Li Lin is the vice president, and Deng Xiaoping is the director of the political department (and has served as the director of Education). Zhongshan military academy mainly trains junior officers of national barracks, companies and platoons as well as revolutionary youth selected by the Communist Party. Zhongshan military academy is nominally subordinate to the headquarters of the national army. In fact, it is under the control and direct leadership of the Communist Party. Deng Xiaoping personally taught for the students and propagated Marxism Leninism to the vast number of young officers. At that time, Zhongshan military and political school in Xi'an was known as "the second Huangpu" and "Northwest Huangpu".

After liberation, "Beiyuan" has been the seat of Xi'an Municipal People's government until February 2011, when the municipal government moved to the north.

scenic spot

The north gate is a north-south street, the drum tower built in the Ming Dynasty (called jingshilou in the Yuan Dynasty) in the south, the "Bangyan ancient folk house" in the Ming and Qing Dynasties in the west, and the stone archway in the north.

On both sides of the street, there are special snack stalls, restaurants and various shops. Many of them are buildings of Ming and Qing Dynasties listed as cultural relics protection units.

snack street

Beiyuanmen, where the drum tower is located, is one of the busiest old streets in Xi'an. In the past, it was a prosperous commercial street with many merchants and famous shops. It is said that there are 108 food stores, including 10 slaughterers of cattle and ducks. Whether they are going to the market or not, they are very busy.

Many foreign tourists will say that Beiyuanmen is "Huimin Street". In fact, the real name of this 500 meter long street is "Beiyuanmen", which is rich in history.

"Beiyuanmen Huifang cultural street" includes Beiyuanmen, Xiyangshi and Huajue lane, with a total length of 1100 meters. Beiyuanmen is the core part with a total length of 545 meters and a width of 16 meters. It is a pedestrian commercial street with architectural style of Ming and Qing Dynasties, mainly antique and Hui flavor snacks.

There are many delicacies in Beiyuanmen alley, among which the most famous are Pingwa barbecue, jiasanguan steamed stuffed bun in soup and water basin mutton. In addition, there are Fengjia casserole barbecue, special special barbecue, Lin yuelou Anjia fried vegetables, Pingwa barbecue shop, laiyite special snacks, etc.

Gao's courtyard

Gaojia courtyard, No. 144 residential building in Beiyuanmen, covers an area of 42 mu, with a total area of 2517 square meters and 86 houses, of which 56 are now open to the outside world. It is a brick and wood structure courtyard with three courtyards and four entrances. Its main body is built in Chongzhen period of Ming Dynasty, which has a history of more than 400 years.

"Gao's wall, Ma's house, and Mi's gold are worth a lot of money." this long-standing doggerel tells us that Beiyuanmen used to be famous.

In the 14th year of Chongzhen reign of Ming Dynasty, the ancestors of Gao family took part in the imperial examination when they were 12 years old. They were appointed to the imperial examination and lived in Taisi. The emperor Chongzhen gave them a house. At that time, civil servants got off the sedan chair and military officers got off the horse. Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty approved the plaque of "bangyanji".

Gao family is Han nationality, and the most famous one in the family is Bangyan Gao Yuesong in Tongzhi period. According to historical records, he was honest and thrifty, and did his duty scrupulously. He is cautious and friendly, supports the elders of the clan, and never behaves excessively. Unfortunately, he died young at the age of 31. Later, his son was elected and became an official in Gansu. It is said that the brick walls of Gaojia courtyard are tall and thick, and they are made of lime, clay and fine sand mixed with glutinous rice juice. They are extremely strong, so they are called "Gaojia's walls".

Settle down

Located at 125 Huajue lane, anjiayuan was built in the late Qing Dynasty with a history of about 200 years. Anjiazhaiyuan is a compact quadrangle courtyard. The entrance is in the west of the courtyard, adjacent to Huajue lane, a tourist souvenir street. The courtyard has a clear east-west axis, with a total area of 220.5 square meters, a width of 9 meters from north to south, a depth of 24.5 meters from east to west, and a total construction area of 192.6 square meters. It is a typical green brick and grey tile building in Qing Dynasty.

Their ancestors were good at business. At that time, they were mainly engaged in the sale of candles, and the business was prosperous. They once took Xi'an as the base and monopolized the candle Market of the whole northwest provinces. As a result of its rich economy, an house has exceeded the construction level of ordinary houses since its construction. It attaches great importance to the quality of architectural art and employs superb craftsmen at that time to carry out elaborate construction. Although the courtyard is small, it is exquisite everywhere. This can be fully evidenced by the numerous brick and wood carving art heritages left by an house up to now. No. 125 house has never been repaired since it was built, and small-scale decoration is only limited to interior decoration, so the current situation of settled house is basically the original historical appearance.

In 1997, the Prime Minister of Norway and then President Jiang Zemin signed an agreement on cooperation between China and Norway, one of which is the protection of Beiyuanmen historic district. Norway contributed 5 million yuan, and the State Science and Technology Commission, Shaanxi Province and Xi'an city respectively provided certain supporting support

Chinese PinYin : Bei Yuan Men