Chongwu ancient city

Chongwu ancient city is the most complete T-shaped Stone Ancient City in China. It is one of the more than 60 fortresses built by Ming government to fight against Japanese invasion.

Chongwu ancient city

Chongwu ancient city

Located on the southeast coast of Hui'an County, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, and bordering on the Taiwan Strait, it was built by Zhou Dexing, Marquis of Jiangxia in 1387 (the 20th year of Hongwu of Ming Dynasty) to defend against Japanese pirates. It is the most complete existing T-shaped Stone Ancient City in China. It is one of the more than 60 fortresses built by Ming government to fight against Japanese invasion in the vast sea. Chongwu ancient city, Jingfeng Liancheng Acropolis and Jingfeng Temple (3a scenic spot) are the first batch of key cultural relics protection units at the county level announced by Hui'an County Reform Committee in 1979. In 1988, it was listed as the third batch of state key cultural relics protection units by the State Council, the first batch of "national defense education bases" in Fujian Province, the first batch of "patriotism education bases" and "national defense education bases" in Quanzhou City.

At the same time, half moon bay, Qingshan Bay and Jingfeng huinv Bay of Hui'an coast have been selected as one of the "eight most beautiful coastlines in China" by National Geographic magazine.

Chongwu ancient city is located in the south end of Chongwu Peninsula, 24 kilometers southeast of Hui'an County, between Quanzhou Bay and Meizhou Bay, on the coast of Quanzhou City, Fujian Province. It is adjacent to the Taiwan Strait, also known as "Lotus Island". It was founded in 1387. It is a national AAAA tourist attraction integrating coastal scenery, historical relics, folk customs and carving art. It is known as "natural studio" and "South North Island" "Daihe". Chongwu ancient city is the only intact stone city of Ming Dynasty in China. It is also a relatively complete historical site in the history of China's coastal defense. It is a "national key cultural relics protection unit".

In February 2020, in order to pay tribute to the medical workers who are struggling in the front line of anti epidemic, from the day when the scenic spot is restored to operation to December 31, 2020, the preferential policy of free opening to medical workers across the country will be implemented.

Historical evolution

"Advocating martial arts" means "advocating military equipment". The ancient name here is "Xiaodou". In 981 (the sixth year of the Taiping reign of the Song Dynasty), shoujieli, Chongwu Township, was set up in Huiyuan County, and Xiaodou village was set up. In the early Yuan Dynasty, it was changed to Xiaodou inspection department. In 1370 (the third year of Hongwu reign of Ming Dynasty), Japanese pirates, who were active in Korea and the coast of China, suddenly landed on the Hanjiang River in Xiangzhi, threatening the security of Quanzhou. In 1387 (the 20th year of Hongwu), Zhu Yuanzhang, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, appointed Zhou Dexing, Marquis of Jiangxia, to inspect the southeast coast in order to prevent the invasion of Japanese pirates. Zhou Dexing is an expert in military engineering. According to the characteristics of Quanzhou Coastal Area, such as tortuous coastline and dangerous terrain, "one county has its own station, and one county has its own guard.". At that time, yongningwei was set up in Quanzhou, under the jurisdiction of five institutes, namely Fuquan, zhongzuo, Jinmen, Gaopu and Chongwu. Huian has five cities, namely Chongwu City, Rex Cave City, Xiaoyi City, Huangqi city and Fengwei city. Chongwu city is one of the five cities, which is subordinate to a thousand households of yongningwei, Fujian Province.

According to the records of chongwusuo City, the city "has four doors and each building is on top of the city", "the moon city is on the East, West and north sides, and there is no moon city in the south. The gate and gate tower are well preserved. It is also recorded that "an enemy platform is set up in the east city to prevent the boat from fighting with the tide, which is convenient for observation". Later, in 1574 (the third year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty), four enemy platforms, named xutai, were built on the south, North and west sides of the city. There are large and small holes on both sides of the system, which can be used to install blunderbuss. The platform can accommodate tens of people. "These enemy platforms are about 50-100 meters away from the city gate, and are now in good condition. There are also 26 bunkers around the city, which are used by soldiers to rest.

Chongwu city has been built and maintained for several times. In 1417 (the 15th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty), the city was increased by 4 feet, and the East and west gate moon city was built; in the Jiajing period (1522-1566), four gatehouses were built, running horse roads were built, and new bowmen bunkers were built; in 1661 (the 18th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty), the city was moved due to war, and the houses were destroyed, and the boundary was restored in 1680 (the 19th year of Kangxi); in 1841 (the 21st year of Daoguang), the city was renovated. Since then, due to the loss of military role, and long-term abandoned, part of the city wall dilapidated collapse. After liberation in 1949, the people's government strengthened the protection and management of the ancient city. In 1963, it was listed as a cultural relics protection unit at the county level and the scope of protection was delimited; in 1985, it was announced as a cultural relics protection unit at the provincial level; in 1988, it was announced as a cultural relics protection unit at the national level. Since the overhaul in 1841, the ancient city has been in disrepair for more than 140 years. After the reform and opening-up, from 1980 to 1987, the ancient city was rebuilt in three phases, from the north gate to nanchengjiao, then to the north of shuiguanmen, and finally to the north gate. It was completed in September 1987. As a result, the ancient city has been restored to its former glory on the sea. It has become a valuable material for the study of Chinese military architecture and the core of Chongwu scenic spot

geographical environment

geographical position

Chongwu ancient city is located in the southeast coast of Fujian Province, between Quanzhou Bay and Meizhou Bay, and at the southern end of Chongwu Peninsula, 24 kilometers southeast of Hui'an County, bordering on the Taiwan Strait.

climatic conditions

Chongwu ancient city is located in the subtropical zone with a subtropical marine monsoon climate, which is mild and humid all year round. The annual average temperature is 20.2 ℃, the average temperature in the hottest month (August) is 27.7 ℃, and the average temperature in the coldest month (February) is 12 ℃. The annual precipitation is 1136.1 mm. Due to the adjustment of marine climate, it is not hot in summer, with more typhoons in June and July and often accompanied by heavy rainfall; in winter and spring, the north wind moves southward, and it is not cold in winter due to the barrier of mountains and marine climate. Strong sea breeze and strong sunshine are the important climatic characteristics here all the year round.

Main attractions

The ancient city gate

There are four gates in the city. The north and South gates are more than 500 meters apart, and the East and West gates are more than 300 meters apart. The East, West and north gates are similar, each with two gates, a moon city and a tower. Each gate is equipped with a beacon tower, while the south gate is equipped with a wall. There is a statue of Guan Gong in front of the wall. It is said that when Japanese pirates shelled the city, Guan Yunchang of Guandi temple in the city waved the green dragon Yanyue knife, and the shell was thrown to the side of the city wall. With another wave, the shell shot back to the stolen ship, so the ship sank and the pirates died. The two gates of Ximen are still intact. There are several small stalls under the shady gate. The cross street in the city is connected with four gates, and the streets are paved with stone slabs.

Ancient city wall

The walls are all made of white granite. The perimeter is 2467 meters long, the foundation is 5 meters high, the walls are 7 meters high, and there are two or three stories of happy horse road built inside, and the width is 4 meters. There are 1304 wall dishes, 1300 arrow windows, 26 Wopu, 5 enemy platforms and city gates on all sides. At the commanding height of Lianhua Mountain in the city, there is also a lookout platform. On all sides of the city, there are Wopu, Yuecheng, pier and TongWai culvert ditch, forming a complete set of military defense engineering system. "Chongbao Temple" and "Yuansi Palace" were all built to commemorate the heroes who died in the war against Japan.

Ancient dwellings

Keep walking along the city gate, the noise outside seems to be separated from the city gate, and the old street is surprisingly quiet. The old street of the ancient city is a stone street with simple dwellings on both sides. Stone houses, red brick houses and wooden houses are not decorated much. These buildings of different ages show the traces of time, and the light of precipitation is still there.

Historic sites

There are more than 30 ancient architectural relics inside and outside the ancient city, such as temples and nunneries, which were built in the song, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and then repaired and continued. They cover an area of hundreds or even thousands of square meters, and each temple has its own development track. They are vivid poems of Chongwu ancient city, a historical monument of fighting against foreign invaders. They are deeply branded with the footprints of Chongwu people's hard struggle and entrepreneurship for thousands of years At the same time, it also reflects the complex and diverse religious beliefs from different angles. For example, the Sung Ying Temple of Song Jian was changed to Town God's Temple in Ming Dynasty; Ming Jian's Guan Yu Temple, Tian Fei palace, si de temple, three official Temple, Chong Shan palace, Chong Bao temple, Yunfeng Nong, Heng Tun nun, and Dongyue Temple of Qing Jian, and so on, formed an ancient monument with ancient city.

The stone inscription "weizhenhaibang" in Hengmei of beichengmen is said to have been written by Qi Jiguang, and the "horseshoe stone" behind Mazu palace is said to have been left by Zheng Chenggong in 1651 (the eighth year of Shunzhi of Qing Dynasty) when he was stationed here to resist the Qing Dynasty. Three kilometers away from the city, one of the eight sceneries of dafaishan, "dragon throat Xiaoyan", has the reputation of the first scenic spot in Hui'an, as well as the cliff stone inscriptions of literati poets who record the history of the ancient city, the lion stone platform of "lion stone night light" used to be Qi Jiguang's command platform for training sailors, and the Neolithic cultural site of dafaishan.

Folk custom of huinv

Chongwu ancient city is one of the main settlements of Hui'an women, who are well-known at home and abroad. They wear yellow hat, white scarf with small flowers, cover their cheeks and mandible, and blue cardigan with short and narrow, showing their belly. They wear silver waist chain around their waist, and they wear elegant low waist black trousers, with exquisite headdress. Slang called: "feudal head, democracy belly, saving clothes, waste pants." Huian women's clothing was listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list in 2006.

Huian stone carving

Huian stone carving is a representative of Southern stone carving, which has been listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage protection list. On the south side of the ancient city wall, the "China Stone Carving Technology Expo Park" is one of the few in China

Chinese PinYin : Chong Wu Gu Cheng