Huixian wetland

Huixian Karst National Wetland Park in Guilin, Guangxi

synonym

Huixian wetland generally refers to Guangxi Guilin Huixian Karst National Wetland Park

Guilin Huixian Karst National Wetland Park is a national AAA scenic spot,

Located in the west of the central part of Guilin City, Guangxi, in the watershed of Lijiang River and Liujiang River in Northeast Guangxi, it is a typical karst peak forest plain landform. The wetland park covers a total area of 586.75 hectares, including 493.59 hectares of wetland area, with a wetland rate of 84.12%. It mainly includes lake swamp wetland centered on Mudong lake, Longtou mountain, fenshuitang, Shizishan, fengjiayutang and fenshuitang to Xiangsi river During the period of Empress Wu Zetian of Tang Dynasty, the ancient Guiliu canal and other wetlands were divided into five functional areas: conservation area, restoration and reconstruction area, science popularization and education area, rational utilization area and management service area. The wetland landscape and its surrounding environment in the wetland park are extremely rare in the Peak Forest karst plain landscape in China and even in the world.

In December 2017, it passed the pilot acceptance of the State Forestry Administration and officially became a national wetland park.

geographical environment

Huixian Karst National Wetland Park in Guilin, Guangxi is located in the west of the central part of Guilin City, in the watershed of Lijiang River and Liujiang River in Northeast Guangxi. It is a typical karst peak forest plain landform. The ground elevation is between 147-292 meters. The total area of the wetland park is 586.75 hectares, including 493.59 hectares of wetland area and 84.12% of wetland rate. It mainly includes lakes, swamps and wetlands centered on Mudong lake Longtoushan, fenshuitang, Shizishan, fengjiayutang and fenshuitang xiangsijiang wetlands were excavated from the ancient Guiliu canal (also known as xiangsitai canal) in the period of Wu Zetian of Tang Dynasty. They reach fenshuitang East Canal in the East, xiangsijiang River in the west, Qixing village in the South and Houshan fishing ground in Shizishan in the North, involving Mudong, Xinmin, Shanwei, Siyi and Wenquan administrative villages in Huixian town.

Resources

Wetland resources

The total planning area of the wetland park is 586.75 hectares, including 107.81 hectares of cultivated land (100.67 hectares of paddy field and 7.14 hectares of dry land), 82.22 hectares of forest land, 3.9 hectares of grassland, 333.86 hectares of water area (31.03 hectares of rivers, 25.85 hectares of lakes and 276.98 hectares of ponds), 0.15 hectares of traffic land, 0.16 hectares of science and education land and 0.16 hectares of swamp land 65 hectares. It can be divided into Lake wetland, river wetland, swamp wetland and constructed wetland. Among them, the lake wetland area is 25.85 hectares, the river wetland area is 16.98 hectares, the herb swamp area is 58.65 hectares, and the constructed wetland area is 392.11 hectares.

Animal and plant resources

At present, there are 316 species of vascular plants belonging to 241 genera and 108 families in Huixian karst wetland, 234 species of terrestrial vertebrates and 19 species of national key protected animals. Among these national key protected animals, except Rana tigrina, all are birds. Among them, there are 1 species of national first-class key protected animals: dongfangbai, 18 species of national second-class key protected animals: tiger frog, black headed white ibis, black crested falcon, black winged Kite, snake carving, crested eagle, songque eagle, sparrow hawk, goshawk, common buzzard, kestrel, swallow falcon, brown winged crow cuckoo, Jaya Peng, Grass Owl, collared owl, collared buzzard, spotted buzzard, and Guilin loach, which is endemic to Guangxi.

Main attractions

In Huixian Wetland Park, the ancient Guiliu canal, also known as xiangsidai, Nandu River, Lingui Douhe and Nanqu, was excavated in the first year of Changshou in the Tang Dynasty more than 1300 years ago. In the old Lingqu of Xingan County, it has the title of "Lingqu in the north and Douhe in the South". Wu Zetian believed in the "three stars auspicious" pattern. Starting from the fenshuitang in the southeast of gunziling, it was built by building xiangsidi and blocking the water. It is 15 kilometers long, 30 meters wide and 6 meters narrow. Along the river, it has built 24 nihudou and mopandiou bridges, and 11 bridges. At present, it has preserved Xinqiao, huixiangao bridge, Longmen Bridge, Xinglong bridge, Tongqiao and so on, all of which are built with stone Lijiang and Liujiang River systems.

After the ancient Guilin Liuzhou canal was excavated, it once played an important role in history. First, it is used for the transportation of grain. The second is Huijia trade. Before the canal was built, the waterway from Guilin to Liuzhou was circuitous, more than 500 kilometers long. After the canal was dug, the voyage was shortened to more than 150 kilometers, greatly shortening the transportation distance. Thirdly, it has the function of irrigation, not only regulating flood, but also navigation and drainage. That is: "to be able to fly, to be able to discharge, to be able to irrigate, and to rely on both agriculture and commerce.".

Development and construction

brand building

In February 2012, the State Forestry Administration approved Huixian wetland to be included in the pilot construction of National Wetland Park, and dispatched personnel to carry out wetland management and protection.

In December 2017, it passed the pilot acceptance of the State Forestry Administration and officially became a National Wetland Park, named "Guangxi Guilin Huixian Karst National Wetland Park".

Infrastructure

Before the Song Dynasty, Huixian wetland area was about 65 square kilometers. In the early days of the founding of new China, it was managed by the village collective, but no scientific management measures were taken, resulting in the wetland area shrinking and ecological function degradation. The wetland area has been reduced to 25 square kilometers. Since the modern half century, with the global warming, the deterioration of the ecological environment, and the human activities in the surrounding villages The original wetland has been destroyed and eroded continuously, the water surface area has gradually shrunk, the ground has gradually dried up, and the swamp and wetland ecosystem have been seriously damaged. Up to now, the existing area of the wetland is less than 6 square kilometers, and the wetland protection is imminent! In 2012, Huixian wetland in Lingui county was included in the pilot construction of National Wetland Park. The park was named Huixian Karst National Wetland Park in Guangxi, and personnel were dispatched to carry out wetland management and protection.

It plays an important role in protecting and rescuing the shallow lake wetland in the global karst ecosystem and maintaining the stability of Lijiang River system. Guilin is the most typical area of peak forest plain landform in the world. The unique double-layer hydrological structure of karst landform makes it difficult to preserve water resources, so the natural lakes in karst area are extremely rare. Huixian karst wetland is a relatively closed hydrological system, which is composed of shallow groundwater, distributed in underground caves and rivers, connected with Mudong lake, Mudong River and guguiliu canal. Influenced by Huixian tectonic basin, it forms a large underground water storage capacity, and the groundwater flows to the middle of the basin to supply surface water of the wetland, making Huixian wet It is not only a large area of Lake wetland, especially in the karst area, but also a rare marsh wetland in southern China. The characteristics of lake and marsh wetland are typical, and the biodiversity is rich. It is a natural reference for wetland restoration, with high protection value, and is the best scientific research base for Karst wetland research. Huixian karst wetland and Lijiang River system constitute the "kidney of Guilin", which is the "one wetland" in the construction of "six rivers, four reservoirs, four lakes and one wetland" of Lijiang River system. It is of great significance to maintain the ecological security of Lijiang River system, and has been included in the national implementation of Guilin water ecosystem protection and restoration.

In the Wetland Park, motor vehicles are not allowed to pass, patrol roads and ecological parking lots are built in the periphery to facilitate the management and parking of tourists, and low-carbon travel such as pole boat and walking is mainly used in the internal tour system, with no noise and harmful gas generation, and supporting the construction of sanitation facilities, fire prevention facilities and rescue facilities, which well reflects the concept of ecological environmental protection. The domestic sewage of the central protection station, ecological toilet and Wetland Science Museum in the park is discharged into the buried sewage treatment facilities (septic tank). After preliminary treatment, the sewage is discharged into the plant purification tank for purification, and then into the water system of the wetland park. Multiple purification treatment can prevent the water system of the park from being polluted.

The ecological parking lot, ecological toilet, rest Pavilion, wooden plank road and other facilities in the wetland park are all eco themed. They integrate the green natural ecological elements into the service facilities to create a natural atmosphere of ecological protection. Most of them use natural materials such as wood, stone, earth brick and bamboo. Even after being corroded by the sun and rain, they can also be recycled, which is eco-friendly and reduces the impact on the environment The impact of plants, as far as possible to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction, scientific and environmental protection.

Guilin Huixian Karst National Wetland Park is mainly based on natural restoration, supplemented by artificial restoration. Priority should be given to the protection of natural ecological characteristics, regional landscape characteristics, unique folk customs, ancient Guiliu canal culture, natural and cultural landscape, biological habitat and biodiversity of karst wetland, so as to prevent the decline of Wetland and its biodiversity. Appropriate artificial intervention measures should be taken to clean up Pomacea canaliculata and Pomacea canaliculata In order to restore the structure and function of Huixian karst wetland ecosystem, we should pay attention to excavating, displaying and utilizing the natural resources and human resources from the Wetland Park, and arrange the construction projects scientifically and reasonably, so that the public can enjoy the natural scenery and wetland at the same time In addition, full consideration should be given to the development of economic construction and social development on the bearing capacity of wetland ecosystem, so that wetland resources can not only meet the needs of economic construction and social development of contemporary people, but also meet the needs of future generations

Chinese PinYin : Hui Xian Shi Di