hobq desert

Kubuqi Desert, also known as Kubuqi Desert, is located in the north of Ordos Plateau in Inner Mongolia. It is the seventh largest desert in China and is located in the northeast of Kubuqi Desert. It has a magic Xiangsha Bay, which is a masterpiece of nature. You can surf the sand freely from the sand mountain, feel the magic sound of people moving and stopping, and explore the hundred year charm of Xiangsha Bay. The eastern, central and western parts of the desert have their own characteristics. The central and eastern parts of the desert have more rainfall and the western part is rich in heat. In the middle and East, there are many seasonal gullies which originate from the north side of the ridge line of the plateau and flow longitudinally among them, with the characteristics of long gullies, flood in summer and dry in winter, and high sediment concentration. On both sides of the gully flowing through the desert, there are gully terraces of different areas. The groundwater is deeply buried and the soil fertility is high. The oasis landscape is scattered all over the world, forming a superior microclimate condition. There is little surface water and lack of water resources in the West. Only the sarimolin River disappears into the desert to the northwest. The groundwater in the West and north of the desert is affected by the Yellow River, and the water quality is good, which is also in the Yellow River irrigation area.

hobq desert

Kubuqi Desert, the seventh largest desert in China, is located on the South Bank of the Yellow River (some people call it Hetao desert) in the "Jizi" bend of the Yellow River in the Hetao Plain. To the north is Langshan area in the west section of Yinshan Mountain. "Kubuqi" is Mongolian, which means the string on the bow, because it is under the Yellow River, like a string hanging on the Yellow River. In ancient times, it was called "kujiesha" and "punasha". Kubuqi Desert is close to Beijing. Located in the north of the ridge line of Ordos Plateau, part of Hangjin Banner, Dalate Banner and Zhungeer banner in Ordos City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The total area is about 13900 square kilometers, with mobile sand dunes accounting for 61%, 400 kilometers long and 50 kilometers wide. The sand dunes are 10-60 meters high, lying like a yellow dragon across the northern Ordos Plateau and across the three banners of Inner Mongolia. The main forms are sand dune chain and grid dune.

On July 28, 2015, China's seventh largest desert 1 / 3 greening achievement won the 2015 land life award issued by the United Nations, China's vigorous development of desert economic governance mode won the world specimen significance, and China Yili resources group and Egypt sekem won the 2015 land life award issued by UNCCD tonight. Kubuqi international desert Forum

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In December 2018, Yili ecological management area in Kubuqi Desert won the title of "the second batch of green water and green mountains in the country are golden mountains and silver mountains" practice and innovation base.

On September 18, 2019, three new sand crossing highways (the new s215 duguitala Xini section highway, s316 Zhonghe West Balagong section highway and G242 Linhe Yellow River Bridge Gongqi Riga highway) were officially opened to traffic, with a construction mileage of 389.3 km.

Cause of formation

There used to be water plants

Kubuqi Desert is located in the South Bank of the Yellow River (some people call it Hetao desert) in the Yellow River "Ji" bend of Hetao Plain. To the north is the Yellow River and to the north is Langshan area in the west of Yinshan Mountain. According to the book of songs, in the Western Zhou Dynasty 3000 years ago, Shuofang ancient city appeared on Kubuqi grassland. At that time, there were dense forests, abundant water and grass, green grass, and flocks of cattle and sheep. In ancient China, Yanyou, Rongdi and Xiongnu all lived and multiplied here.

Natural factors

There may be three sources of the desert: from the ancient Yellow River alluvial deposits; from the front of Langshan proluvial deposits; from the local sand. In view of the fact that almost all the sand dunes in the Kubuqi Desert are covered by Quaternary river sediments, it is more likely that the sand source comes from ancient Yellow River sediments.

No matter what kind of sand source is, it has prepared the material basis for the formation of desert here.

From the late Shang Dynasty to the Warring States period, the climate became dry, cold and windy, which exposed the source of sand and provided dynamic conditions. Therefore, it can be said that the Kubuqi Desert was formed during this period. The rarity of ancient cultural sites and relics in this period also shows that the ecological environment of this period is very bad.

Chen Linfang pointed out in his lecture notes on desert landforms: the formation of desert depends on two factors: natural factors are mainly affected by climate, geology and landform; social factors are mainly caused by human activities destroying grassland and forest vegetation, resulting in imbalance.

human factor

In the Kubuqi Desert Area, although there are few sites in the period of bainiyao culture and miaozigou culture, there are many sites in the period of Ashan culture, yongxingdian culture, Dakou II culture and zhukaigou culture, which reflects that there is a certain number of population. It will naturally play a role in boosting the formation of the Kubuqi Desert.

For thousands of years, Kubuqi has been suffering from a dry, cold and windy climate, and also suffered from excessive cultivation and war in successive dynasties. More than 400 years ago, at the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, the continuous wars and unrestrained reclamation greatly aggravated the desertification of the land. A large area of fertile land became desert, and Shuofang city was gradually abandoned. The prosperous scenery was finally annihilated in the long yellow sand. In the end, the wind and sand raged, the grassland sank, the style and glory disappeared, and the treasure land with rich water and grass degenerated into "the sea of death".

There are only two kinds of weather in the desert, the windy day and the time when the wind stops. The wind and sand gradually engulf the remaining grassland and farmland. The tragedy of sand forcing people to retreat has been on for thousands of years. Extensive grazing and destructive mining activities make the fragile ecology worse.

In the past, there were tens of thousands of farmers and herdsmen scattered in the Kubuqi Desert, just like stars falling in the starry sky. It was hard to find them in the deep nest of sand dunes, living the most primitive life.

When the people's Republic of China was founded, the Kubuqi Desert pushed tens of meters to the Bank of the Yellow River every year, and the inflow of 160 million tons of sediment directly threatened the Hetao Plain, the "granary beyond the Great Wall" and the Anlan of the Yellow River. The survival and life safety of the people in the sand area were often disturbed by it.

In the 1980s and 1990s, the wind was raging in winter and spring, and the yellow sand was rolling. Beijing, 800 kilometers away, suffered from sandstorm.

It can be said that natural factors are the main and basic factors for the formation of the Kubuqi Desert, while social factors are subordinate and auxiliary, which only promote or delay the formation of the Kubuqi Desert.

In 1988, out of love for the desert and concern about desertification, elion resources group began to restore the old style of Kubuqi and began the journey of combating desertification.

Historical records

There is no record of Kubuqi Desert in the ancient documents of Qin and Han Dynasties. The earliest records about the Kubuqi Desert appeared in the northern and Southern Dynasties. According to Wei Shu, Diao Yong, the general of bogulu Town, talked about the transportation of grain from bogulu town to Woye town and the early Kubuqi Desert.

At that time, bogulu town was located near guchengwan in the northwest of Wuzhong City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, on the middle of the ancient Yellow River. Woye town was located in the north of Wuliangsuhai in the north of wulatqianqi, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and in the south of genzichang village in sudulun township. The land transportation between the two towns was from southwest to northeast.

Diao Yong wrote in his book: "it's eight hundred miles from Chen town (I refer to Bo Gu Lu town) to Woye town. There are many deep sand roads, and it's hard for light cars to travel. Today, there are twenty-five trees in the valley. Every deep sand will lead to stagnation. Again, the valley is on the west side of the river. Turn to Woye and cross the river.

Shuijingzhu, which was written in the Northern Wei Dynasty, also preserves the data of the early Kubuqi Desert. Li Daoyuan wrote in shuijingzhu · hee3: "Yu press, Nanhe, Beihe and south of Anyang County, Xisha Fuer, no tuoyi mountain.

Therefore, Guangzhi says: "in the north of Shuofang County, there are seven places to move sand, but there are no mountains to imitate it.". It's also called "Seclusion" in Yinyi. Li Daoyuan was born in 470 and killed in 527. His book shuijingzhu was written before the year of his death, from the first year of Jingming to the third year of Xiaochang (500-527).

(Jin Shenghe, introduction to Chinese historical and geographical documents, P. 113, Shanxi people's publishing house, first edition, 1987) in other words, the mobile sand dunes recorded in this book are the situation and location of Kubuqi Desert in the early sixth century.

Li Daoyuan's so-called "South River" refers to the general location of the current Yellow River channel (actually in the south of the current river channel, see below for details). Anyang County is located in the south of Wula mountain in Wulate Qianqi, Inner Mongolia. This shows that the shifting sand landscape of "Xisha Fuer, wutuoyi mountain" and "north of Shuofang County, moving sand seven places, but no mountain to imitate it" is distributed in the south of "Nanhe" (today's Yellow River), which is the Kubuqi Desert in the northern half of Hangjin Banner.

In his works, Mr. Wang Beichen said: "according to the notes, there were sand dunes in the south of Nanhe river at that time. Li Daoyuan personally saw this, but he didn't know its scope.".

At the end of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the early Kubuqi Desert was still referred to as "shasai". "ZhouShu Wendi Ji" records: in the second year of Yongxi reign of emperor Xiaowu of the Northern Wei Dynasty (533), when Yu Wentai (black otter) and he Bayue discussed the situation of Lingzhou and xiazhou in Guanxi, they once said: "if gongruo led an army near long In the west, Diqiang was selected, shasai was pacified in the north, Chang'an was returned to the army, and Wei's office was restored to the state It is worth noting that he Bayue was stationed in Pingliang at that time, and controlled the western states of guanxi such as Ling, Xia, Jing and Qin

Chinese PinYin : Ku Bu Qi Sha Mo