Gengqing Temple

Gengqing temple is the main temple of Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism. Located in Gengqing Town, dege county. Because there are few tourists here, the temple is also very quiet.

Gengqing Temple

Gengqing temple is the main temple of Sakya sect of Tibetan Buddhism in Kang District, Sichuan Province. Located in Gengqing Town, dege county. It was originally a temple of Ningma sect, but was converted to Sakya sect and expanded in the seventh generation of dege Tusi laqing. It was named lunzhuding temple, commonly known as Gengqing temple, which means big temple. It is a chieftain's family temple, which stipulates that the chieftain's eldest son becomes a monk and presides over the affairs of the temple, and the second son succeeds the chieftain. So far, there is no living Buddha in the temple. There are seven sub temples. Until the 12th chieftain jiandege Scripture printing academy, it was famous for its Tibetan opera. The original building is divided into the west, with a main hall in its headquarters, balinglong in the East, tangjiajing hall in the west, and Yinjing hall in the middle. It was destroyed in 1967, and now there are only two Yinjing hall and tangjiajing hall. In 1981, Tang Jiajing hall was approved to open. After 1981, the monks of Gengqing Temple carried out religious activities in the well preserved Tangjia Sutra hall.

Temple construction

The Gengqing Temple of Sakya sect is located in the east end of Wenhua street in dege county (Gengqing town). In 1448, the 36th generation bota Zhaxi of dege family took root and Tang dongjiebo, a famous monk in xiangbaga, Tibet, presided over the first Sutra hall in sigenlong, named Tangjia Sutra hall after Tang dongjiebo. During the reign of gamasung, the sixth generation of dege chieftain in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, he began to build the large-scale Gengqing temple at the expense of a lot of manpower and material resources. During the period from the seventh generation of chieftain Xiang bapengcuo to the eighth generation of chieftain Gen gapengcuo, the Gengqing Temple project was basically completed. During the reign of Yongzheng in the Qing Dynasty, the 12th generation of dege Tusi dengbazeren built another large-scale construction project. It took decades to build a grand and famous dege Scripture printing academy on the west side of the main hall of Gengqing temple, and handed it over to the monks of Gengqing temple for management. So far, Gengqing temple has formed a large-scale building complex, covering an area of hundreds of mu, winding down the ouqu, with the main temple and the monk's room alternating in scale in the East and the Yinjing courtyard and Tangjia scripture hall in the West.

In 1986, after the tenth Panchen Lama personally selected the address, the main hall of Gengqing temple was built at the site of the motorcade in oplong county. In March 1988, the grand, simple and spectacular Gengqing temple hall covering an area of about 30 mu was completed, and the project entered the stage of internal carving, sculpture, painting and decoration.

Distribution of rights

Gengqing temple, from Tangjia scripture hall to the main hall of the temple, was built by the dege Tusi family. Since 1448, Gengqing temple has been the home of the Tusi family. In the political and religious affairs, it is under the control of the Tusi and plays an important supporting role in the political and religious rule of the dege family. According to the rules of the Tusi family, there is no living Buddha in Gengqing temple, and the leadership of the temple is vested in the Tusi family Hereditary. That is to say, the chieftain has two sons, and the eldest son becomes the head of Gengqing temple and takes charge of the religious power! The second son inherited the chieftain position and took charge of the political power. If he was the only son, he would take over the position of the superior and concurrently serve as the leader of Gengqing temple. He tried to control and influence Gengqing temple, so as to control and make use of other religious temples in his jurisdiction to serve his political rule. During the reign of the 12th generation of chieftain dengbazeren, the chieftain family granted five additional temples, but still respected Gengqing temple as their own, continued to support and control Gengqing temple, and allowed the temple to enjoy the highest privileges in land, commerce, usury, weapons and politics. Gengqing temple, on the other hand, tried its best to praise the Tusi family from the religious point of view for hundreds of years, exaggerating and praising the achievements and wisdom of the Tusi family in the past dynasties, actively safeguarding the political interests of the Tusi family, and maintaining the relationship between the ruling class and the Tusi family until the early liberation.

Layout management

Gengqing temple is divided into two parts: the east courtyard and the West courtyard. GONGYA temple, galun temple, Yinnan temple, Wengen temple, mencha temple, Keluo temple in the county directly under the central government and dengdeng temple in Jiangda County in Tibet have seven sub temples. In addition, there are dozens of sub temples in Baiyu County, Shiqu County and Jiangda county. The highest leader of the temple is the chieftain of dege or the elder brother of the chieftain, under which there are gengben, Dongda Lama and Xida Lama (in the period of the Republic of China, Jiangcun Lama was set above Dongda Lama and Xida Lama), Kanbu, gegu, Zhongyi, laichong and zhuben lamas. The administrative organ of the temple has a meeting room of gengben (Banjiu), which is composed of one gengben and one gegu, two Kanbu and one east and one west Lama. Chieftains are the top decision-makers in gengben conference room. Gengben presides over the daily affairs of the conference room and is responsible for holding meetings to study and decide on the political and religious affairs of the temple. Gengben is responsible for recommending candidates for promotion to the chieftains of Ba Ben, Ba Ling, Ba Zhong and temple clergy.

Temple politics and religion

During the period of the Republic of China, the KMT government placed the official Lamas of Gengqing temple in the County Council, the joint conference of the party, government and army, the district and township government, the local armed forces, the trade union, the chamber of Commerce and other institutions, and attached great importance to soliciting and using the religious forces of Gengqing temple to serve its politics. After liberation, the party and the government implemented the separation of administration and religion in the temple, and abolished the economic and political privileges of Gengqing temple. After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, four religious elites of Gengqing temple were elected as members of the county CPPCC and the county Buddhist Association, giving full play to the positive role of religious elites in patriotism and religion, contributing to society and economic construction.

Temple culture

From the early Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, Gengqing Temple gathered a large number of religious scholars at home and abroad, promoted the development of Gengqing temple in Tibetan painting, music, Tibetan opera, sculpture, woodcut, architecture, printing, Tibetan medicine and so on, and played an important role in promoting the development of Tibetan culture in dege area and forming the style characteristics of religious culture in dege area. Luode wengbo, the great Lama in the Qing Dynasty, and Kanbu sangdeng luoren in the late Qing Dynasty are famous scholars with profound Tibetan knowledge and many works. In the early Qing Dynasty, the great Lama, who was called Zhuqing, made great contributions to the engraving and checking of danzhuer printing plate. Gengqing Temple must hold many God dancing activities every year, which have a long history and play a very important role in the formation of music, dance and rap art in dege area. Influenced by Tang dongjiebo, the originator of Tibetan opera, dege Tibetan opera, represented by Gengqing Temple Tibetan opera, was formally formed in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. Through continuous evolution and development, the traditional Tibetan Opera performed in Gengqing temple on the first day of July every year has become a typical representative of dege Tibetan opera with its own style and characteristics. Gengqing temple's traditional Tibetan Opera is mostly derived from the story of Buddha, which is characterized by simplicity, ruggedness, singing, dancing, reciting and white. It does not dance when singing and does not sing when dancing. The costumes, masks, appearances, dancing postures, actions, props, performance time, exit and entrance, music, intonation and singing of the characters in the play are clearly defined. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, kenbu sangdengluozhu of Gengqing Temple adapted "shareba" and "Prince norong" for the first time, forming five traditional Tibetan Opera repertoires including "shareba", "Prince norong", "kemegandeng", "liuchangmai" and "Jiaqiang" that Gengqing Temple performed for a long time.

Personnel economy

According to the statistics at the beginning of liberation, there were 960 monks in Gengqing temple, including 40 grand lamas and official lamas, 300 general lamas, 360 Zaba lamas, more than 400 guns and more than 400 monks and soldiers. In Gengqing, balida, GONGYA, wangbuding, Baiya, keluodong and other places, there were more than 1000 mu of cultivated land, 3000 cows and more than 200 households in Koba. There were only 9 Land and livestock rental items in the temple The temple has 15000 kg of highland barley, 600 kg of butter and 64 bags of tea. The temple has an average annual investment of 5000 ocean for business, 25000 ocean for business, 60000 kg of highland barley for usury, 120000 kg of grain, 10000 ocean Qiang, 1000 kg of butter and 100 cattle. According to statistics in 1988, there are 313 monks in Gengqing temple, including 170 professional and ordinary lamas and 143 Zaba lamas. The temple provides architectural design, land and livestock management, printing, painting and sculpture, transportation and other social services, with an annual economic income of more than 30000 yuan.

Address: dege County, Sichuan Province

Longitude: 98.579989

Latitude: 31.807205

Chinese PinYin : Geng Qing Si