Ningyuan Confucian Temple

Confucious'Temple

synonym

Ningyuan Confucian temple generally refers to Confucian Temple (Confucian temple in Ningyuan County, Hunan Province)

Confucian temple, located in the holy land of Jiuyi and the source of virtue and filial piety, is a national historical and Cultural City Ningyuan, which is a national key cultural relics protection unit.

It was first built in the third year of Qiande (965 AD) of Song Dynasty. It was rebuilt in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Later, it was rebuilt by Shi Huanzhang, a senior official of Ronglu in 1873. The structure of the whole building is rigorous, the shape is exquisite, and the scale is huge. It gives people a sense of simplicity, solemnity and magnificence, and reflects the unique style of ancient architectural art in China.

Confucian temple, also known as Xuegong. Located in the southwest corner of Ningyuan County, Hunan Province, it was originally built in the old city of Lingdao County in the Western Han Dynasty (now known as Dongcheng). The county was relocated in the third year of Qiande in the Song Dynasty (965). In the twelfth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1873), the city gentry asked Shi Huanzhang, a doctor of Ronglu, to rebuild it in the west of the city.

Confucian temple is the representative building of Confucian culture in ancient China. It is the only institution to offer sacrifices to Confucius, a famous historical and cultural figure, and the only one to file a lawsuit. It is also an educational institution integrating temple and learning in Chinese feudal society. Confucian temple is one of the earliest and best preserved Confucian temples in China. It is 170.8 meters long from north to South and 60.2 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 10282 square meters. Its scale is one of the few existing Confucian temples in China. It is the most complete and largest Confucian temple in six provinces of central and South China.

The origin of history

Ningyuan Confucian temple, also known as Xuegong. Located in the southwest corner of Ningyuan County, Hunan Province, it was originally built in the old city of Lingdao County in the Western Han Dynasty (now known as Dongcheng). The county was relocated in the third year of Qiande in the Song Dynasty (965). In the twelfth year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1873), the city gentry asked Shi Huanzhang, a doctor of Ronglu, to rebuild it in the west of the city. Confucian temple is the representative building of Confucian culture in ancient China. It is the only institution to offer sacrifices to Confucius, a famous historical and cultural figure, and the only one to file a lawsuit. It is also an educational institution integrating temple and learning in Chinese feudal society.

Ningyuan Confucian temple is one of the earliest and best preserved Confucian temple buildings in China. It is 170.8 meters long from north to South and 60.2 meters wide from east to west, covering an area of 10282 square meters. Its scale is one of the few existing Confucian temples in China.

artistic value

Ningyuan Confucian temple is famous for its exquisite stone carvings, especially the 20 gray marble stone carvings with overall height of 5 meters, which are carved with high relief and hollowed out. They are the only ancient buildings in China and have high artistic value. It is known as "national treasure". Many stone carvings in the temple reflect each other, including all the techniques of stone carvings. It is like a perfect Museum of stone carvings.

Reconstruction planning

Since the Northern Song Dynasty, Ningyuan Confucian temple has been repaired and rebuilt for more than ten times in the song, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties. The remaining building was rebuilt by Shi Huanzhang, a senior official of Ronglu from 1873 to 1882. The whole Confucian temple has reasonable planning, scientific structure, rapid drainage and strong local and national style of house decoration art. It embodies the intelligence and creativity of ancient laborers.

Cultural relics protection

In November 1996, it was announced by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Many repairs

Ningyuan Confucian temple has been repaired many times in history. It was rebuilt several times in the second year of Hongwu (1369), the 17th year of Yongle (1419) and the 11th year of Chenghua (1475), the 15th year of Jiajing (1536) and the 26th year of Jiajing (1547) in Ming Dynasty, and twice in the seventh year of Kangxi (1668) to the 20th year (1681) and the 33rd year of Qianlong (1768) in Qing Dynasty.

In 1873, the gentry of Ningyuan County proposed to relocate the old Confucian temple near the commercial market and asked Shi Huanzhang to take charge of the reconstruction of the Confucian temple. Shi Huanzhang selected the site and Huang Xilong and other gentry donated money to rebuild the Confucian temple. More than 60000 taels of silver were raised. After ten winters and spring, it was completed in 1882, becoming the "largest Confucian temple in Hunan" at that time.

In modern times, with the popularization of education, the Confucian temple promoted the educational function of the school and was set up as the "public education library".

wartime

In 1926, during the first Civil Revolutionary War, the Confucian temple was used as the center of the county's Agricultural Movement and became the office of the farmers' Association and the trade union. Later, it successively set up civilian women's art factory and county women's higher primary school in the temple.

In 1937, the Japanese invaders invaded Changsha. Hunan private Yuqun middle school (Changsha No.8 Middle School), the capital of Hunan Province, moved to Ningyuan and occupied the Confucian temple as a school building until 1951. Later, the Confucian temple was occupied as the granary directly under the county. It was not until 1959 that the Confucian temple was designated as a provincial cultural relic protection unit that the granary moved out.

In March 1959, the Provincial Department of culture allocated 3000 yuan for the simple decoration of Xiangxian and Minghuan ancestral halls. The county cultural center and the county school of culture and art moved into the Confucian temple. Xiangxian ancestral hall was converted into a library. Minghuan ancestral hall was used as the office and teachers' and girls' houses of the art school. The West veranda was used as the classroom. At that time, the warehouse of Dacheng hall had not yet been demolished, and it was used as the boys' dormitory of the art school. Later, the men's dormitory was moved to a bungalow in the back garden of the Confucian temple.

Layout structure

The east wall of the outer garden of the Confucian temple was occupied by the county power plant. The power plant dug two big holes on the wall to serve as boiler doors. A boiler room was built outside the wall, and a factory shed was built under the south wall to stack fuel (at that time, firewood was used as fuel to burn boilers). During this period, although the Confucian temple was occupied by various organs, schools and warehouses, the front door was not opened, and the readers who came to the cultural museum to borrow books could only come from the East Tengjiao gate

Enter, still closed.

Funding protection

In October 1963, the provincial government allocated 50000 yuan to renovate the roof of the Confucian temple to prevent seepage and leakage, and to protect and extend the service life of the ancient building.

In 1966, when the "Cultural Revolution" began, the Confucian temple was the first to break the four old ones. A group of rebellious "Red Guards" rushed into the Confucian temple and smashed 48 exquisite stone carvings in half a day. The exquisite stone carvings were destroyed and they were ready to unload tiles and demolish houses in the afternoon. Later, it is said that the "head" of the red guards, who was the leader of the red guards, went home with constant stomachache and was scolded by his mother, A catastrophe was averted.

In 1967, in order to keep up with the "good situation" and express themselves as revolutionary mass organizations, the "rebels" in the county's cultural system set up the wing rooms on both sides as exhibition halls, sealed the floating nails of Dacheng gate with plywood, wrote Chairman Mao's hand style poems, opened the door for cars to enter and leave on the screen wall, set up quotation boards full of cement precast slabs, and demolished the Confucius shrine and the emperor's plaque in Dacheng hall. Taking Mao Zedong's historical photos as the main content, the Confucian temple is named "optical image worship Hall of Mao Zedong".

Important cultural relics

In 1973, the State Council issued a document again asking all localities to protect historical relics, and the Confucian temple re erected the signboard of "key cultural relics protection units in Hunan Province".

In the summer of 1974, the provincial government allocated 30000 yuan to renovate the Dacheng Hall of the Confucian temple.

In 1976, the cultural center and the library were restored, and the two units used the Confucian temple as public housing and housing respectively.

In 1979, the Cultural Bureau of the county was separated from the cultural and educational department and worked in the West Chamber of the Confucian temple.

In 1981, the provincial government allocated 42000 yuan for the maintenance of Dacheng hall and Chongsheng temple.

In 1983, the provincial people's Government re praised the Confucian temple as a key cultural relic protection unit at the provincial level, and the county finance allocated 14000 yuan to repaint the Dacheng hall, dachengmen and the two ancestral halls of the famous officials.

In 1984, buxianfang, which was closed during the cultural revolution, was restored, and the gate on the screen wall was closed. Since 1982, we have been selling tickets in Dacheng hall. Each ticket is RMB 2 points, then it is RMB 5 points. We collect tickets in buxianfang. The income is mainly used to solve the health maintenance expenses in the Confucian temple.

In 1985, the county government demolished the fruit shop built in front of buxianfang during the cultural revolution. In March of that year, the county cultural relics management office was officially established, and the Confucian temple, as a place for people to visit, was officially opened. In September, Mr. Zhou Lingzhao, a professor of the Central Academy of fine arts, led nine students to Ningyuan to collect wind. He evaluated the high relief stone carvings of the Confucian temple as beautiful as the Danlong of Taihe palace in the Forbidden City.

scenic spot

In 1987, Jiuyishan scenic spot was officially announced by the provincial people's government. We printed offset color tickets and marked them with the tourism commemoration of Jiuyishan scenic spot. Ningyuan Confucian temple was used as a tourist attraction of Jiuyishan scenic spot for publicity and opening to the outside world.

In 1989, the Provincial Bureau of cultural relics allocated 20000 yuan for the restoration of the wooden leaf gate of the Dacheng hall, and the county government allocated 10000 yuan for the reconstruction of the statue of Confucius in the Dacheng hall. Since 1987, the county library began to move out of the Confucian temple, the elderly people's association activity center and the County Cultural Bureau occupied the Confucian temple moved out one after another, and by the winter of 1989, they had all moved out. In order to strengthen the security and ticket sales, the county cultural center, which occupies the back garden of the Confucian temple, also opened a new gate to enter and exit, no longer from the Confucian temple, and the Confucian temple began to transit to a special scenic spot for sightseeing.

On August 6, 1995, Zheng Xiaoxie and Luo Zhewen, ancient architecture experts from the Ministry of construction and the State Administration of cultural relics, came to Ningyuan for investigation. They were found to be the exquisite and spectacular stone dragon and Phoenix pillars of Ningyuan Confucian temple

Chinese PinYin : Ning Yuan Wen Miao