Dongshan Academy

Dongshan academy is located in Meizhou City, Dongshan Zhuangyuan bridge (Zhouxi water into the exit of Meijiang River) is the predecessor of Guangdong famous school - Dongshan middle school. The academy is the alma mater of Ye Jianying, marshal of the people's Republic of China and chairman of the National People's Congress. It is also the alma mater of Zeng Xianzi, member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress and chairman of the board of directors of Jinlilai group, and ye Xuanping, vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese people's Political Consultative Conference. It is also the school of Huang Zunxian, an outstanding reformer who came back to advocate new learning. Its founder is tianchangren and the famous "female college" in Qing Dynasty Wang Zhifu, the grandfather of Wang Zhenyi. The academy is composed of the main building, the gate building, the front hall, the middle hall and the back entrance. The main building is 3 rooms in width and 3 rooms in depth. It is of stone column platform beam structure, with double eaves resting on the top of the mountain. The two horizontal buildings are brick and wood structure bungalows. It is the only ancient academy left in Meizhou and the highest standard "double eaves Xieshan" academy building in Hakka area.

Dongshan Academy

Dongshan Academy of Xiangxiang City was founded in 1895 (the 21st year of Guangxu), which has been for 100 years. Here, with a long history, Mao Zedong, Tan Zheng, Chen Geng and other talents come forth in large numbers, with a glorious revolutionary tradition.

Brief introduction to the Academy

When the Academy was first built, it was called Dongshan jingshe, and it was renamed Dongshan Academy in 1900

In 1905, the public Dongshan primary school in Xiangxiang county was built. In 1940, it was changed into a middle school, which was called private Dongshan junior middle school in Hunan Province until the liberation of the whole country. In 1951, private Dongshan junior high school and Xiangxiang women's vocational school merged into Xiangxiang junior high school. In 1952, the Ministry of education of the Central South military and political Commission decided to restore Dongshan school at the former site of the Academy, and named it "Hunan Dongshan primary school". On September 10, 1958, Mao Zedong wrote a letter to teachers and students and inscribed the name of the school. Now Dongshan college has become a complete middle school.

In 1880 (the 16th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), more than ten gentry in Xiali (also known as Shouli), including Xu shisui, Huang Guangda, Chen Yingfu, Wang Xiaotang, Cai zhongluan, Yu Yi, pan Xuehai, Xu Xiangyun, Yang Rongxi, Peng Guolin, etc., started to raise funds for the construction of Dongshan Academy with the support of Yan Mingqi. In the 17th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu, Liu Jintang, the governor of Xinjiang, returned to his hometown because of illness. He donated 2000 liang of silver to prepare for the establishment of the Academy, and was promoted as an advocate.

In 1895, the construction of academies had not started yet, but the Qing government was defeated in the Sino Japanese War of 1894 and signed the Treaty of Shimonoseki, which was humiliating to the country. In the face of the unprecedented national crisis, Xu shisui and others feel that the establishment of old style academies and the cultivation of old style talents who worship Confucianism and classics can not meet the needs of the country. They must cultivate talents who can "prosper the country and strengthen the army and enrich the people". The only way to cultivate such talents is to set up new schools with the nature of saving the nation from subjugation and striving for survival, and learn western knowledge of natural science and social science. Therefore, on December 6 of that year, they wrote directly to Chen Baozhen, the governor of Hunan Province and an active supporter of the reformers, asking for "imitation of Hubei self-improvement school". Set up Dongshan jingshe in time. Chen Baozhen highly appreciated their papers and the regulations of Dongshan jingshe, so he gave an official reply on the same day: "Yang Xiangxiang County transferred the order, transferred Dongshan jingshe gentry to hold it quickly, so as to achieve the effect of promoting education."

Characteristics of Academies

The most important feature of Dongshan jingshe is to set up four schools of mathematics, Gezhi, dialect and business. Gezhi is the general term of sound, light, electricity, chemistry and other natural sciences. Dialect refers to language and writing, which aims to train translators. In order to cultivate talents, we should attach importance to "attaching importance to reality" and "teaching practical things and learning practical skills".

In 1898, the reform movement of 1898 failed, the Qing government returned to the ancients, and Dongshan jingshe disintegrated. It didn't exist for a long time, but it opened a new era of education in Hunan, and its significance is great. At the same time, it takes the social needs as the starting point of running education, and the school running direction of "cultivating practical talents to meet the urgent needs of the time" is also worth inheriting and developing.

Developing schools and educating talents

Dongshan academy began to be built in 1890. The foundation was laid in December 1896. The main hall was built in 1897 (after Ding you). It was completed in June 1900. Ten years later, the project and 147.14 thousand nine hundred articles. In addition to Xu mingsui and other ten people, there are Liu Changyan, Xie Songyue and Yang Yiqing. The Academy governs 854.2 mu of farmland, six houses, two forests and pastures, with an annual income of 1355 yuan.

The main hall of the academy has three rooms, five rooms in the East and five rooms in the West. The whole building is grand in scale, magnificent in buildings and elegant in environment. "There is a hall for speakers, a place for recreation, a room for food, and a net for nothing. It is a good place to study! The gate of the academy is white marble with the four characters of "Dongshan academy" written on it. It was written by Huang Ziyuan, a calligrapher of the current Dynasty. On the wall of the left corridor of the main hall is a record of Dongshan academy written by Chen Wucui, a county magistrate.

After the completion of the Academy, classes began on November 15 of that year. Dongshan jingshe was renamed Dongshan Academy. In July 1905, Li gentlemen Wang Gang, Yang Bingqian and Peng mengri initiated the transformation of Dongshan academy into a public Dongshan primary school in Xiangxiang county. In January 1905, they began to recruit students for three years (two years after 1921). From then on to 1940, there were 45 classes with more than 2000 graduates. In the beginning, it was changed from the eighth class to the digital class.

Dongshan primary school has a school motto and a school song. The school motto says: "honesty, diligence and Thrift", and the black gold plaque is hung in the main hall. On both sides of the column, there is a couplet: "when the public is finished, they will govern privately, and when the teacher is strict, they will respect the way.". The curriculum setting, teaching management and teaching methods of primary schools are carried out in accordance with the principles and requirements of modern schools. At that time, the courses included self-cultivation, Chinese, history, geography, mathematics, physics, chemistry, English, sports, pictures, music, etc. The teaching method emphasizes the combination of leading and subject, teaching and learning, theory and practice, so as to make it lively.

Dongshan high school has an excellent teaching team and a group of teachers with progressive ideas and unique insight, such as Li Yuanfu, Gong Yipeng, Xiao Yueying and Shen Chunlong. Gong Yipeng is strict in school management and diligent in teaching. During his tenure as the head of the school, his students achieved excellent results, and he was awarded by the Secretary of Hunan Province. Li Yuanfu was enthusiastic about the cause of education, actively advocated new learning, and had a good eye for pearl. When Mao Zedong came to the school to apply for the examination, after reading his examination composition entitled "Yan Zhi", Li immediately praised him highly, thought that he was "a material to save the country", and accepted him out of the ordinary. Later, he supported him to apply for the secondary school in Changsha. Xiao Yueying was poor all her life, indifferent to fame and wealth, and loved education. He and his sons Xiao San and Xiao Zisheng gave Mao Zedong great support and help. In order to carry forward his interest in education, his descendants donated his little legacy to Dongshan school and set up the "Xiao Yueying scholarship". Shen Chunnong participated in the democratic revolution in his early years, joined the party in 1925, joined the peasant movement during the great revolution, and finally died generously. In addition, there are many well-known and unknown progressive teachers. For example, in 1930, martyr Yang Zailin was killed by Kuomintang reactionaries on the Bank of Lianshui River. The next day, a teacher of Dongshan primary school wrote a poem and angrily denounced that the storm of Longcheng was cold in Lianshui, and the blood of the strong men spilled on the beach. He became a hero in eighteen, and looked at the green mountains on the Zhenxiang stage. "

Outstanding talents

Dongshan primary school is famous for its concern for the fate of the country and the nation and its teaching content, which has attracted a large number of young people who pursue the truth. Mao Zedong is an example. He is a native of Xiangtan. He was not enrolled in the school, but he has heard of his name for a long time and wants to study in the school. In the autumn of 1910, Mao Zedong was admitted to Dongshan and was in class E. Here, he not only came into contact with Kang and Liang's reform thoughts, but also received the enlightenment education of bourgeois democratic culture, that is, western social science and natural science. Therefore, he had a broad vision and sprouted the ambition of "transforming China and the world". Mao Zedong once said affectionately: "I am from Xiangtan, but I have received Xiangxiang education", "I have made a lot of progress in this school".

The period of primary school is a period of talent gathering. In addition to Mao Zedong, Xiao Zisheng, one of the founders of Xinmin society, studied in class 1, Xiao San in class 2, Liu zongtao (secretary of the special committee of the shareholder District) in class 4, Yi Lirong in class 7, Chen Geng and Yang Youlin in class 9, Mao Zeqin in class 10, and Tan Zheng in class 16. According to our incomplete statistics, nine martyrs died for the revolution during the democratic revolution alone. During the great revolution, the peasant movement in Xiangxiang was well-known throughout the country. Most of the backbone leading the movement were alumni of Dongshan Primary School of higher learning.

Today, although the academy has gone through a hundred years of vicissitudes, with the efforts of Dongshan people, Dongshan academy is still well preserved. It is still simple and elegant, solemn and solemn, and beautiful. The classrooms, dormitories and study rooms that Mao Zedong, Tan Zheng, Chen Geng, Xiao San and Yi Lirong studied in remind us of the heroic feelings of leaders, generals, poets and scholars who worked hard to guide the country. Outside the Academy, there are stone bridges, clear rivers, green trees and red flowers, and the sound of birds. It makes people feel that the hundred year academy is simple and fresh, solemn and lively

Chinese PinYin : Dong Shan Shu Yuan