Sanjiao Temple

The landscape of three temples and one tower, one of the six scenic spots of Beijing People's Olympic Games

Sanjiao Temple

Sanjiao temple is located in the north of Dacheng street in the north of the old city of Tongzhou District, Beijing. Three independent temples, Confucian Confucian Confucian Temple (also known as Xuegong), Buddhist youshengjiao Temple (also known as ta'an) and Taoist Ziqing Palace (also known as honger Temple), are arranged in the shape of "pin" near the west wall of Tongzhou government office, so they are collectively called Sanjiao temple. On the west side of youshengjiao temple stands the lamp burning Buddha relic tower, which forms the ancient architectural complex of "three temples and one tower". On the West Bank of the north end of the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal and the South Bank of the Tonghui River Estuary, it has become one of the six major scenic spots of the Beijing People's Olympic Games Tongzhou Canal cultural scenic spot.

Quick navigation

Panorama

Temple introduction

"Three temples and one tower" scenic spot is the only building complex of three religions in China, also known as "three religions Temple". It is three independent temples, covering an area of about 12000 square meters. "Three temples and one pagoda" respectively refer to: Confucian Temple (Confucian Academy, also known as Xuegong), Ziqing Palace (commonly known as honger Temple), lighthouse and Yousheng temple.

Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism are close to each other and independent of each other. These three independent temples are closely arranged in the shape of "pin". According to research, the lamp tower was built in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, while the Ziqing palace was built in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. The three religions coexisted harmoniously for more than 400 years.

Today, it is generally referred to as "three religions Temple", which has become an important part of Tongzhou Canal cultural scenic spot, one of the six scenic spots of Beijing "people's Olympics".

Construction history

Among the three temples, the Confucian temple is the largest in scale. It was founded in 1298, four years earlier than the Confucian temple in Beijing. After 22 times of reconstruction and expansion in the yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has become the largest Confucian temple in Beijing besides the Confucian temple in Beijing in 1883. The middle road crosses the East and West courtyard. The main buildings on the central axis are: Zhaobi, shepu and rurizhong Tianfang (left Zhongyi temple, right Jiexiao Temple), Damen (left "Debei Tiandi" square, right "Daoguan ancient and modern" Square), lingxingmen, panchi Panqiao (left Minghuan temple, right Xiangxian Temple), Jimen (left and right Jiaomen), Dacheng hall and its front apricot altar (left Dongwen, dongchaofang, right Xiwen, xichaofang, xishanwai shengxun Pavilion), Ermen, Chongsheng hall.

On the east side of Dacheng hall is the East Cross courtyard, with the front of Shengrong hall and the back of Zunjing Pavilion.

In the west, there are two academies: Xuezheng department and xunzhuo department. In the front, there are two headmen, and in the back, there is Minglun hall. In the first place, there is Wendi temple.

All the main buildings are on the same ridge.

In December 1935, the temple was the seat of the "Jidong anti Communist autonomous government" of the Japanese puppet regime.

In September 1958, after the relocation of Beijing silk inlay factory, it was demolished according to the function of the factory.

In 2004, it began to repair, and restored the Lingxing gate, halberd gate and east-west rooms on the original Temple site and shape.

Construction situation

Among the three temples, youshengjiao temple on the right and Ziqing Palace on the left are very small. In the "three religious temples", the ancestors of the three religious temples were worshipped by Confucius, the Buddhist temples were worshipped by Sakyamuni, and the Taoist temples were worshipped by Laozi. The Confucian temple was the largest, highlighting the guiding ideology of the feudal rulers. The Taoist and Buddhist temples were very small and placed around the Confucian temple. The feudal rulers put the Taoist and Buddhist thoughts in the auxiliary position, and the primary and secondary thoughts were clearly distributed in the state streets In feudal society, the three religions thought was opposite and unified on the side of state governance, which was the only unique cultural landscape in all provinces, governments, states and counties, reflecting the openness and inclusiveness of the Grand Canal culture.

In the "three religions Temple", there is a lamp burning Buddha relic pagoda, which was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Beijing in 1979 and is a landmark building at the north end of the Grand Canal.

Founded in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, it was rebuilt in Zhenguan of Tang Dynasty during the nine years of Chongxi of Liao Dynasty, Dade of Yuan Dynasty, Chenghua of Ming Dynasty and Kangxi of Qing Dynasty. The pagoda was destroyed in the 18th year of Kangxi, and rebuilt on the original xumizuo in the 35th year. In 1900, when the Allied forces of eight countries occupied Tongzhou, the foreign guns broke the Tali and the foreign guns shot off the bronze bell. In 1976, the Tangshan earthquake affected Tongzhou, and the lotus block of Tali was half collapsed. In 1987, the Tasha was rebuilt as it was. The Tasha is an octagonal 13 storey brick and wood structure solid tower, divided into xumizuo, tower body and Tasha. The whole structure is 56 meters high, 38.4 meters in base circumference, and 11.4 meters in diameter on the opposite side. It is magnificent, magnificent, tall and beautiful. Tall and straight is the outstanding feature of the tower landscape, brick arch, Buddha, decoration is very exquisite.

A total of 2248 bronze bells are hung on the end of each rafter and the corner beam of each rafter. The number of copper bells hanging on the tower is the most in the world.

Each wind chime is engraved with the name of the donor, as well as prayers, poems and ballads.

In the south of the 13th floor, between the central kitchen door, there is an ancient poem carved with bricks, which has sentences such as "the towering ancient pagoda was built in Luling town and by the people of Tang Dynasty in Laizhou Dynasty", indicating that the pagoda is Zhenhe pagoda, which was founded in Northern Zhou Dynasty and rebuilt in Tang Dynasty.

Modern and ancient architecture experts identified it as "Liao". One of the eight scenic spots in Tongzhou, "Lingyun ancient pagoda" refers to here.

It is said that the shadow of the tower is reflected in the Grand Canal 200 meters away, which is a wonder.

On the northwest side of the 13th floor of the tower, there is an elm tree, which is 3.7 meters high, 4.2 meters wide and 0.17 meters in diameter. It has no main root, and the longest one fibrous root is 2.5 meters. The whole root system is like a folded fan. In order to protect the safety of the pagoda, the elm has been transplanted to the park under the pagoda. Now it is luxuriant, and is called "Ta Yu" by TongZhou people, which symbolizes the tenacious fighting character of Tongzhou people.

Relevant information

One temple and one tower in Buddhism

Since the establishment of Tongzhou, the prefectures and counties have been located in the west of the north gate of the old city since the Northern Qi Dynasty. In the third year of Jin Tiande (1151), Tongzhou was set up here, until it was demolished in 1958 and moved to a new site.

In ancient times, Tongzhou was at the bottom of many rivers. Every rainy season, water came from three sides, often causing floods. According to the customs and beliefs at that time, in the late Northern Zhou Dynasty, in Gaogang, where the four rivers meet, that is, not far from the West Bank of Luhe River, a lamp burning Buddha relic tower was built to calm the river god. The tower is being built on the northwest side of the county government. The temple under the tower is the Yousheng Temple of Buddhism.

As soon as the temple enters the courtyard, there are three mountain gates and three main halls. There are stone steles in the Republic of China, which record the crimes of Eight Allied forces destroying the temple and pagoda. Youshengjiao temple, also known as "ta'an", should have been built earlier than the relic pagoda of burning lamp Buddha. According to the introduction, the temple of early youshengjiao temple is quite large in scale. After generations, there is only a big bright hall, an ancient tree and a incense burner marked with "burning lamp Pagoda". In the hall, the teacher burning lamp Buddha of Sakyamuni is worshipped. The lamp burning Buddha is the most famous Buddha in the past. When Sakyamuni Buddha became a Buddhist, he met the lamp burning ancient Buddha in his life. When the Confucian boy knew the ancient Buddha, he worshiped it with five stems of lotus. When he saw that there was mud on the ground, he paved the way and asked the Buddha to step on it.

Then he got to light up the lamp to teach him the words: "it's the last ninety-one calamity. It's a famous calamity. You are regarded as a Buddha, and you are called Sakyamuni Tathagata." After the ninety-one disaster, the Confucian boy was really a Buddha. In Buddhist scriptures, he was called the present Buddha, and he was honored as the third Buddha with the past Buddha, the ancient Buddha and the future Buddha Maitreya. In the small courtyard on the west side of youshengjiao temple is the relic tower of burning lamp Buddha, which is named after the burning lamp Buddha, the teacher of Sakyamuni, is worshipped in the cave due to the south of the tower. It is also commonly known as "TongZhou tower".

This pagoda was built in the Northern Zhou Dynasty. According to legend, there were many rivers in Tongzhou in ancient times. There were monsters in the river. They often made waves and caused floods. Therefore, this Zhenhe pagoda was built at the highest place in the city to calm the river god. Later, the Tang, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties continued to rebuild, rebuild and repair. The existing tower was built in the 35th year of Kangxi (1696). Because it was damaged by the Tangshan earthquake in 1976, the most recent repair was in 1985.

The Confucian temple is the most important of the three religions

The layout of the three religious temples reflects the history of the gradual integration of Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism, and shows the mentality of mutual recognition, which is a history of religion as well as a history of thought. Buddhism believes that: the first element of practice is to cut off the edge of the world, so its temples are mostly located in Xiufeng Jialin, lakes and springs, beautiful scenery, in order to facilitate Qingxiu. It is a Taoist tradition to practice Taoism in the mountains. It is a religion that follows nature. That is to say, "one's life is two, two's life is three, and three's life is all things; the earth follows heaven, the heaven follows Tao, and the Tao follows nature (couplet of Tiantian Shidong in Qingcheng Mountain)". Its demanding degree of practice environment is far more than that of Buddhism. Since Confucius and Mencius, the Confucianists have actively entered the world, paying attention to maintaining the old feudal system and the ancient and modern orthodoxy, that is, the distinction between the monarch and the minister, the gentleman and the villain. Later, with the development of Neo Confucianism in the song and Ming Dynasties, the Confucianists took it as their own duty to govern the country and the world. Therefore, it has become a religious doctrine that the feudal rulers have been using. Its idea of actively entering the world is different from that of Buddhism and Taoism And there are many conflicts. The Confucian temple is in the front of the three religions temple. Youshengjiao temple and ziyue Palace are on the two wings behind the Confucian temple. Both of them are smaller than the Confucian temple. They are in an equilateral triangle position and close to the government office, highlighting the Confucian status. As the saying goes, "first class Buddha, second class immortal,

Chinese PinYin : San Jiao Miao