Guanxi Xinwei

Guanxi Xinwei

Guanxi Xinwei, located about 15 kilometers east of Longnan County in Jiangxi Province, was built in 1798 and completed in 1827. It lasted nearly 30 years. It was built by Xu Mingjun, a famous gentry in Guanxi. It is called "Xinwei" because it is different from the old one.

Guanxi Xinwei covers an area of 7426 square meters and a construction area of 11477 square meters.

Guanxi Xinwei is a rectangle with a long side of 94.75 meters and a short side of 83.36 meters.

It is a three story civil structure with 79 enclosed houses on each floor. The outer wall of the second floor is 50 cm thick with inner wall columns, and the third floor is built with 35 cm thick green bricks. Artillery holes are distributed in each floor, and the roof is a two wave roof with purlin and small green tiles. The angle of the gun is a two-story Xieshan roof. The whole house has two gates, east gate and west gate. In the middle of the enclosed house, a luxury mansion with three entrances in front and back, five groups in parallel, and the fourteenth courtyard was built. Supporting the mansion are gardens, earth houses, side houses and other buildings, which are connected by corridors, walls and corridors. In addition, there are 2000 square meters of "xiaohuazhou" and plum blossom Academy for recreation and study at the west gate of Xinwei.

In 1992, Guanxi Xinwei was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Longnan county. Approved by the State Council in July 2001, it was listed as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Historical evolution

In 1798, Xu Mingjun began to build a new enclosure in Guanxi.

The Xu family moved from zaokou, Wan'an county to Taihe and moved to Guanxi in 1237.

When Xu Mingjun arrived, he made a fortune in timber business. Later, he opened medicine shops and pawnshops. His assets grew and he became a rich man. As the number of children increased, the old house became more and more crowded, so it cost millions and took more than ten years to build the house.

In the seventh year of Daoguang reign of Qing Dynasty (1827), Xinwei in Guanxi was completed. Because it was not officially named, it was opposite to the old Wei "Xichang Wei", commonly known as "Xinwei".

In 2009, Guanxi Xinwei was rated as a 4A scenic spot by Jiangxi Tourism Development Committee.

On February 13, 2018, Kansai Xinwei reopened with a new look and began trial operation.

Architectural features

Guanxi Xinwei covers a total area of 7426 square meters. With mountains and rivers, green bamboo, pond, farmland and blue sky complement each other. The new enclosure is square, 88 meters in length and width. The wall is about 9 meters high and 2 meters thick. A 15 meter high turret is built at each corner of the enclosure. The overall structure of the enclosure is like a huge "Hui" shape. The core building of the enclosure is in the "Kou" position in the middle. A luxury mansion with 124 main rooms and 14 patios in 5 rows is built, which is a model of "nine buildings and 18 halls" in Hakka folk houses. The whole enclosure is connected or separated by corridors, walls and corridors, with less luxury decoration and simple and practical. Xinwei in Guanxi, which integrates residence, ancestral temple, Castle and academy, is not only a place for Hakka people's daily life, but also a city that they can defend in times of war.

Overlooking Guanxi Xinwei, its overall structure is like a huge "Hui" character, and the "Kou" character in the middle is the ancestral hall of the enclosed house. The ancestral hall is the "holy hall" of the residents in the enclosed house, and it is the place with the highest grade and the most gorgeous decoration. Taking it as the central axis, the buildings in the enclosed house are symmetrically arranged. The passageway runs through all the buildings in the enclosure, and more than 100 houses have scientific layout and strict structure. Its lighting, ventilation, sewage are very considerate. It has the functions of safety defense, wind and earthquake resistance, regulating yin and Yang, warm in winter and cool in summer.

Cultural relics

There is a pair of stone lions in front of the gate of the main hall of Xinwei, guanxi. The male lion on the left holds his head high and opens his mouth fiercely. The female lion on the right is graceful and dignified, showing the exquisite carving skills of craftsmen. The cylindrical stone carvings of Qian and Kun in the eight trigrams on the gate frame, and various patterns or characters are carved on the stone piers under more than ten large wooden pillars in the hall. There are many animal woodcarvings such as dragon, tiger, unicorn and Phoenix inlaid in the hall, courtyard and wing room.

History and culture

Defense culture

The Xu family, the owner of the new enclosure in Guanxi, chose to live together for self-protection, which also strengthened the defensive nature of the enclosure. Hakkas "living together" is not a big family style "common wealth cohabitation", but a small family style "different wealth cohabitation". Although the property is independent, there are many indivisible public properties, such as Heping, wells, halls and so on. Property independence is conducive to reducing family conflicts, while having indivisible public property is conducive to uniting clans and enhancing family cohesion. When the enemy attacks, the Xu family can well resist foreign enemies.

fengshui culture

Gannan is the birthplace of fengshui, and the influence of Fengshui concept is everywhere. As the residence of local families, the design of guanxi Xinwei pays special attention to traditional geomantic omen. At the beginning of construction, Xinwei in Guanxi was the base site selected by Kanyu family. By observing the direction of the mountains and the source of the flowing water, the Canyu family chose such a geomantic treasure land as Xinwei in Guanxi, which is "surrounded by mountains and water on the left and right". The location of Xinwei is also particular about geomantic omen. It chooses the location with north facing south and low front and high back.

The terrain of Xinwei site is "toad shaped". Then there is laowei, and after laowei there are hills stacked on top of each other. The South and northwest of Xinwei are farmland, surrounded by green mountains behind the farmland. The east gate of Xinwei faces southeast, and the terrain is open and moist. There are both hopeful mountains and case mountains. In the northeast of Xinwei, there is no geographical barrier except for some low walled houses. In order to make up for its shortcomings, Xu Mingjun built a large screen wall in front of xiaoximen. The wall extends to the northeast corner. In parallel with the enemy tower in the northeast corner, an exquisite wall is built between the wall and the enemy tower. A gate is opened in the middle, facing a large area of open terrain in front of it to absorb the Northeast atmosphere. It not only makes up for a deficiency in Feng Shui, but also serves as an outer wall to protect the new and old study, xiaohuazhou, Meihua study and other buildings. It is also an outer gate between the new and the old. The design is reasonable and ingenious. The central axis of Xinwei, which is located in the middle of the "toad shaped" position, is very close to the big brother's enclosure. According to the design drawing of Xinwei, the tall enemy tower in the northwest of Xinwei extends to the side of the big brother's enclosure, namely the "big library enclosure", with the corner facing the big brother's enclosure. But considering Feng Shui, he sacrificed his elder brother's interests in the end.

Guanxi new Wai east gate is more than 10 meters in front of the excavation of a half moon pool, a symbol of wealth. The Banyue pond is connected with the pond outside the east wall, forming a water surface barrier between Xinwei and its large open farmland in the southeast, which is also conducive to the military defense of Xinwei. In terms of the river system of Xinwei, the builders of Xinwei also pay attention to the flow direction. The water of Xiaoheba stream in Guanxi flows from northwest to Southeast, which is the ideal flow direction from Tianmen to Dihu.

Cultural Activity

In 2004, Kansai Xinwei held the 19th World guest relatives' Congress.

On December 8, 2018, the second China Longnan Hakka enclosed House Summit Forum was held in Xinwei, guanxi.

In September 2019, the world finals of Miss global tourism international competition will be held in Longnan, Jiangxi Province. The participating beauties will walk into Guanxi Xinwei for outdoor shooting.

Cultural relic value

Guanxi Xinwei is the Hakka square house with the most complete preservation, the largest scale and the most complete functions found in China so far. It is also a typical representative work of "nine wells (buildings) and eighteen halls" in Gannan traditional residential buildings.

The research on the architectural space and decoration of guanxi Xinwei plays a positive role in the inheritance and development of Chinese traditional architectural culture, and can bring inspiration to modern architectural design.

Guanxi Xinwei represents the highest standard of "Guo" type enclosed houses in Gannan, and is the best of Hakka enclosed houses in Gannan. The Hakka enclosed houses in Gannan, the courtyard houses in Beijing, the caves in Shaanxi, the Ganlan houses in Guangxi and a seal in Yunnan are known as "five traditional residential buildings with Chinese characteristics" by Chinese and foreign architectural circles. As the representative of Gannan Hakka dwellings, Gannan Hakka enclosed houses have been included in the reserve list of World Heritage applications in November 2012.

protective measures

In 1992, Guanxi Xinwei was listed as a key cultural relic protection unit in Longnan county.

In July 2000, Guanxi Xinwei was announced as the fourth batch of provincial key cultural relics protection units by Jiangxi provincial government.

In July 2001, Guanxi Xinwei was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

Tourism information

address

Guanxi Xinwei is located about 15 kilometers east of Longnan County, Jiangxi Province.

traffic

transit

Take the bus from Longnan county to Guanxi Town, the ticket price is 2 yuan.

 

Self driving

Guangzhou: South China Express - Beijing Hong Kong Macao Expressway - jiebei Expressway - get off at Longnan toll station of Daguang Expressway - drive for 0.7 km, turn left and turn around to 407 provincial road - turn left and go straight for 12 km to 407 provincial road - arrive near Guanxi Xinwei

Airport Expressway jiebei Expressway Daguang Expressway Longnan

Chinese PinYin : Guan Xi Xin Wei