Suzhou Street

Suzhou Street

Suzhou street, located in the northwest suburb of Beijing, is a business street built on both sides of Houhu Lake in imitation of Jiangnan Water Town. It was built in imitation of Jiangnan Water Town during the reign of Emperor Qianlong. It is a water street for emperors and empresses of Qing Dynasty to visit the city. During the period of Qingyi Garden, there were various shops on the shore, such as jade antique shop, silk shop, snack shop, teahouse, gold and silver jewelry shop, etc. Shop assistants are eunuchs, maids dressed up. The emperor began to "open business" when he was lucky. Dozens of shops on the Bank of Houhu Lake were burned by the great powers in 1860. It was rebuilt in 1986. It is the only one copy of the "palace market" in ancient China.

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Construction background

When Emperor Qianlong visited Jiangnan for the first time, because he was nostalgic for the busy streets and shops and the customs of products in Suzhou, he ordered his accompanying painters to draw a picture and build it in the Royal Garden in the northwest suburb of the capital. At that time, there were three famous Royal shopping markets in Beijing. One was Yuanmingyuan Tongyuan shopping street; the other was Qingyi Garden Houhe shopping street; the third was the "Suzhou Street" extending from Wanshou temple in the west of Beijing Zoo to the gate of changchunyuan (West of Peking University). This street was built for the 70th birthday of Emperor Qianlong's mother, new Hulu. It was the largest shopping street. The above three shops are the most characteristic of Qingyiyuan shopping street.

Development history

Suzhou street, formerly known as Wanshou Business Street, was built during the reign of Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty. Located on both sides of the Houhe River in Wanshou mountain, it is a palace commercial shop modeled on the market in Jiangnan Water Town. In 1775, the pavement house in the back of the mountain was repaired. In 1780, the nine corner buildings of Jincheng and fangyazhai in the pavement house were replaced with columns, beams, planks, tiles, walls and oil decorations. The business street has existed for nearly a hundred years since it was built in Qianlong period. In the tenth year of Xianfeng (1860), all the pavement buildings on the business street were destroyed by the fire of the British and French allied forces, leaving only decaying walls and ruins.

In 1886, when Cixi built the summer palace, he Tianjian, the head of the back hill in Wanshou mountain of the summer palace, planned to change the shopping street into a garden building. However, this design was not implemented, and the shopping street was abandoned. By 1949, when the people's Republic of China was liberated, the ruins of the market and the weeds were growing. In 1962, the summer palace took advantage of the opportunity of dredging the Houhu lake to weed out the weeds on both sides of the river and clear out the base of the shopping street. In 1983, the scenic spot was planned to be rebuilt. Due to the lack of initial construction archives and historical materials, by referring to Jin bailing's "restoration, analysis and reconstruction of Houshan shopping street in Wanshou mountain" of the Municipal Bureau of landscape architecture, and surveying the foundation size of the site, a preliminary plan was drawn up. With the purpose of restoring the landscape of Qingyi Garden, 90 paving houses were rebuilt within the East-West boundary of Sankong stone bridge and half of the East-West boundary of the original shopping street All imitation of folk architecture, green tiles, white walls, brown doors and windows, no color painting, but keep the archway, archway, beat and so on. Reconstruction of painted Fang hall, according to the garden building oil painting. However, due to the pending consideration of how to use it after reconstruction, the preliminary plan has not been reported.

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On March 27, 1986, more than 30 people from the Secretary General of the State Council, the tourism coordination group of the State Council and the leaders of the central government and Beijing municipal authorities came to the park to inspect the tourism resources. On July 30, relevant leaders from the planning department of the National Tourism Administration, the Policy Research Office of the Beijing Municipal Party committee, the Municipal Tourism Resources Coordination Group, the Municipal Tourism Bureau and the Municipal Bureau of landscape architecture came to the park to determine the investment project of zhonganbao reconstruction of Suzhou street. Discuss the reconstruction of Suzhou Street engineering design plant, including Suzhou street, painted fangtang, JinSu mountain and jiayinxuan.

On October 15, 1986, the reconstruction project of Houhu business street, which was planned by the summer palace administration office and designed by Tsinghua University, officially started. The whole project took four years. The project is divided into three phases: the first phase, reconstruction of Suzhou Street stone bridge on the southwest Bank of 14 paved houses, 46 rooms, 1 vertical flower gate, 6 archways, archways. There are 6 upper and lower floors, 3 JinSu mountain, 2 check-in rooms, 2 pavilions and 11 corridors in the painted Fang hall. It was completed on September 20, 1987. In the second phase, 14 paving houses with 3 rooms, 1 chuihuamen, 1 xiaomenlou and 4 archways on the northwest Bank of sankongshi bridge in Suzhou Street will be rebuilt. There are 3 jiayinxuan, 4 ear rooms and 1 Pavilion. In the third phase, 36 paving houses with 126 rooms, 1 vertical flower gate and 9 archways on the north and south sides to the east of the three hole stone bridge in Suzhou Street will be rebuilt. Two wooden bridges, four stone bridges, one stone bridge and four stone steps were built. They were completed on September 16, 1990. A total of 217 storehouses, three chuihuamen, one xiaomenlou and 19 archways were built in Suzhou street. There are 18 rooms, 3 pavilions and 11 corridors in total, with a total of 2870 square meters.

Suzhou street was opened to the public on September 16, 1990. A stone tablet is erected in the north gate of the summer palace, which reads "the 130th anniversary of the British and French allied forces burning down Qingyi Garden, the restoration of Suzhou street at the site, the completion of the construction and the display and opening up, this ambition" to commemorate. Since then, from 1991 to 1994, a large amount of money has been invested in the maintenance, emergency repair and redoing of oil decoration painting of Suzhou Street shop.

geographical position

Suzhou street of the summer palace is located in the northwest suburb of Beijing, near the north gate of the summer palace, in the middle of Suzhou River, from Wanshou temple on the west side of Zizhuyuan in the south to the west side of Haidian town in the north, and close to Huifang hall site, CI scenic spot and other historic sites.

Street layout

Qingyi Garden period

Qingyiyuan shopping street is built under the central axis of the four major continents in the back mountain of Wanshou mountain, on the north and south sides of the middle Houxi River, with a total length of about 270 meters. The architectural layout imitates the common form of "one water and two streets" in eastern Zhejiang. The three hole stone bridge in the middle of Houxi river is centered on both sides. On the winding lakeshore on both sides, there are more than 60 and more than 200 pavements, with the river as the street and the bank as the market.

According to the incomplete records in the imperial archives of the Qing Dynasty in the first archives collection of China, there are more than 10 buildings and 60 beats on the business street of Qingyiyuan. There are at least 6 archways and 15 archways. Shop names include: Tongyu, Tailai, Liuhe, Hengsheng, Keyuan, fangyazhai, jijinlou, Fuda, Fenghe, Jingwei, lvxiangzhai, xixiangpu, yunhanzhai, pinquanzhai, yiguzhai, miaohuazhai, Tuyun, fuquanlou, xianglou, wanyuantang, Yunhan, lanxintang, Jincheng, etc. Among them, fangyazhai and Jincheng are two corner buildings with 9 buildings and 29 beats. According to the shop name, they sell shoes in Luxiang studio, sacrificial utensils in Miaohua studio, silk and cloth in Jingwei studio, tobacco in Tuyun studio, four treasures in study in Yunhan studio, literary and entertainment in Yigu studio, tea house in Pingquan studio, restaurant in fangya studio, silver business in Tongyu studio, flowers in fragrant studio, musical instruments in mingpeizhai studio, etc, The palace maids disguised themselves as customers, and even the goods such as shoes, fruits and vegetables were all fake wooden goods. The palace market is only a fake business for emperors and funerary concubines to cherish Jiangnan scenery, but moved to Jiangnan scene for appreciation, which has no practical commercial function. In the market, there are two small teahouses with facade, three high-rise restaurants with memorial archways, and a full range of hat shops, banks and pawnshops. On both sides of the three hole stone bridge, there are four corner buildings. According to the rules of Huitong in Yuanmingyuan, wanshoushan and Neiting collected by Beijing Library, the name, size, labor and materials of the "goods" in the shop of Houshan shopping street in wanshoushan are recorded. In this regard, Qianlong summarized them as "large pieces of fake articles and duplicate fake pictures" in his imperial poems.

The summer palace period

The restored Suzhou street is still centered on the three hole stone bridge across the North banks of Houxi river. On the stone bridge, there are white marble railings, granite bridge foundations under the bridge, and royal stones in the middle of the bridge deck. The building area is 233.27 square meters. There are 40 watchposts and 42 fence boards (including drum). More than 60 shops are distributed on the lakeshore on both sides of the stone bridge. On the southeast Bank of Suzhou street, there are old duyiju Hotel, which deals in yellow rice wine, antique, gold stone, seal and jewelry, Tongchun pharmacy, Fuquan restaurant, Dajiang building, Wanshun restaurant, fangyazhai painting shop, yunhanzhai pen and ink shop, changyizhai restaurant, caizhilou sugar shop, xiaoshanlou milk tea shop, and all kinds of pigment collection studio Tongshunhe, which manages loudspeakers such as gongs, drums, Rao and ba.

There is a three hole wooden suspension bridge on the East Bank of Suzhou street, connecting the north and south banks. The bridge deck can be lifted to facilitate the boat. The north side of the bridge is Luxiang Zhai, and the south side is tongshunhe. There are miaohuazhai and pinquanzhai teahouses specializing in all kinds of utensils on the Northeast Bank of Suzhou Street Changqiao. Xiaoxiangzhou archway on the east side of miaohuazhai and the west side of central island is a skyrocketing style with two columns and one floor. The building faces east and West, with an area of 4.62 meters and painted with spiral colored paintings. On the north side of xiaoxiangzhou archway are Jingwei weaving house, Ruyun cigarette bag shop, Tailai leather goods shop, Chuang, Xinzhi flower and wood house, zunyuan official service bureau, Tongyu silver bank, Tinglu building, chenxiangzhai Rouge shop and Lantao teahouse.

On the east side of Lantao building on the Northeast Bank of Suzhou street, there is a curved single hole stone arch bridge, facing east and West, with a construction area of 30.32 square meters. There are 10 watchposts on each side, 11 fence boards, including 2 drum. There are animal heads on the top of the arch. East of the bridge

Chinese PinYin : Su Zhou Jie