North Slope of Changbai Mountain

Tianchi of Changbai Mountain is located at the top of the volcanic cone of the main peak of Changbai Mountain. It is the largest crater lake in China and won the Guinness title of the highest elevation volcanic lake in the world. Tianchi is surrounded by many peaks and clear water. It is the source of Songhua River, Tumen River and Yalu River.

At present, the north slope, west slope and south slope of Changbai mountain can reach the Tianchi Lake. However, due to different angles, the three scenic spots have different views of Tianchi Lake. The north slope is the first developed tourist landscape zone with complete facilities and functions, receiving more than one million tourists every year. In the scenic area, you can enjoy four famous landscapes: vertical vegetation belt, sulfide hot springs, Changbai feiqiong waterfall, and Shenshou Yitian lake. You can also enjoy the elegant beauty pine, the vast underground forest, the tranquility of Xiaotian lake, the orchid of Lvyuan lake, the heroic Grand Canyon, the surging Erdaobai River, and the majestic Yuehua forest. The scenery is very beautiful.

North Slope of Changbai Mountain

The north slope of Changbai Mountain is located at the north foot of Changbai Mountain in the southeast of Erdaobaihe Town, Antu County, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture. There are Tianchi, waterfall, hot spring and Xiaotianchi in the area. Underground forest, alpine ski resort, Yuehua Valley and other representative landscapes of Changbai Mountain.

Location

The north slope of Changbai Mountain is located in Erdaobaihe Town, which is named Erdaobaihe town because it crosses both sides of Erdaobaihe river. Erdaobaihe town is located in the southwest of Antu County, on the north slope of Changbai Mountain, 100 km away from the county seat and 35 km away from Changbai Mountain. The town is 49.2 km wide from east to west and 64.8 km long from north to south, covering an area of 1987.95 square kilometers. The total population is more than 60000, of which ethnic minorities account for about 15%. Baoma is the site of Xingzhou city in the Bohai kingdom of Tang Dynasty. The Jin dynasty built a Lingying King Temple in Baoma in the 15th year of Dading (A.D. 1175) and ordered the ministers to hold festivals and prepare rituals, and take the "seal Changbai Mountain as Lingying king cewen" to the memorial ceremony. The area of hepingyingzi belongs to the nyin Department of Jianzhou in Ming Dynasty.

The north slope area is a strip from southeast to northwest, accounting for 4.4% of the total area of 43509 square kilometers in Yanbian Prefecture. With an average altitude of 800m, it is a temperate continental monsoon climate with cold winter and cool summer. It is suitable for the growth of Korean pine, white birch and other cold resistant plants. The forest coverage rate is 94%, with a total forest area of 272.883 hectares, more than 120 kinds of plants and more than 30 kinds of economic trees. The grassland area is 12.342 hectares, and the region is 49.2km wide from east to west.

The township was established in 1956, the commune was changed in 1959, the township was restored in 1983, and the town was established in the same year. In 1997, it covers an area of 1987 square kilometers and has a population of 44000. The town government is located in Erdaobaihe, which governs 11 administrative villages, namely Erdao, Hongfeng, Anbei, Changsheng, Tiebei, Shuitian, toudaobaihe, Changbai, Jinma, baihegang and Naitoushan. It also has 4 neighborhood committees named by ordinal number, 16 neighborhood committees named by Bailin street, 3 neighborhood committees named by Linhai street and 1 neighborhood committee named by Nature Reserve Administration Bureau Four neighborhood committees, Baihe Forestry Bureau and its 10 forest farms, the former Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve Administration Bureau and its 5 stations.

Long geological history

In the geological history of hundreds of millions of years, Changbai Mountain area has experienced vicissitudes. At first, it was submerged by sea water, and there was a vast ocean everywhere. Later, due to the rise of the earth's crust, the sea water retreated, and the surface of the earth reappeared. Under the action of sunshine, rain, climate change and other external forces, the rocks on the ground were weathered and damaged. Finally, Changbai Mountain also experienced the explosion of volcanoes and the sculpture of glaciers, forming today's landscape.

About 30 million years ago, that is, in the Tertiary period, the earth entered a new active period, that is, the Himalayan orogeny. In about 25 million years, the Changbai Mountain area has experienced four volcanic eruptions. Basaltic magma started from the upper mantle and continuously upwelling along the huge fissures in the crust, ejecting out of the surface with huge energy (geologically known as fissure type volcanic eruption). During the period from 600000 to 1500000 years ago (quaternary middle late Pleistocene), the Changbai Mountain area experienced another period of crustal activity, which is geologically called Changbai Mountain period. During this period, there were four volcanic eruptions, characterized by central eruption mode. The underground magma upwelling along the tubular channel formed by the intersection of deep faults, forming a volcanic cone landscape on the surface.

The first eruption formed about 600000 years ago, which formed the cone floor of Changbai Mountain volcano; the second eruption occurred about 400000-300000 years ago, which lasted for a long time, with wide distribution area and large thickness of rock strata; the third eruption occurred about 400000-300000 years ago The fourth eruption was about 80000 years ago, which was dominated by small-scale volcanic activities, and lava flow covered some parts of the volcanic cone. So far, the main peak of Changbai Mountain was formed. In the above four volcanic activities, each eruption of volcanic material increased the volcano by more than 200 meters. At the same time, some small parasitic craters were formed around the main crater. Since then, Changbai Mountain has entered a relatively stable period.

During 11000-15000 years ago (quaternary Holocene), the volcano revived again and ejected a large number of gray white and light yellow pumice, with a local thickness of 60m. This violent eruption caused the top of the cone to collapse and form a funnel-shaped crater. When the intensity of volcanic eruption and the temperature of lava gradually decrease, the molten slurry gradually condenses in the volcanic channel and blocks the volcanic channel. After the volcanism stopped, the crater received the continuous recharge of atmospheric precipitation and groundwater, and gradually impounded into a lake, forming a crater lake. This is the famous Tianchi Lake in Changbai Mountain. Around the crater lake of Changbai Mountain, there are many peaks standing. Among them, 16 peaks are more than 2500 meters high, and other peaks are more than 2300 meters high. The peak is almost entirely composed of volcanic ash and yellowish pumice erupted around 12000 years ago. After the formation of the main body of Changbai Mountain, the area entered the intermittent period of volcanic eruption, and the crustal movement was relatively stable. According to historical records, there have been three small-scale intermittent activities since 1597. The first eruption was on August 26, 1597 (the 25th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty). According to eyewitness records, at that time, there was "the sound of shooting. When you look up, the smoke opens up to the sky. It's as big as a few boulders. After the smoke breaks out, you don't know where to go after flying over the mountain.". The second eruption occurred in 1668 (the seventh year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty). The third eruption occurred on April 14, 1702 (the 41st year of Kangxi reign of Qing Dynasty). Changbai Mountain volcano is in dormancy. On the mountain more than 2000 meters above sea level, there are many hot springs continuously overflowing from the underground, which shows that there is still huge energy in the underground. According to modern seismic observation, the crust of Changbai Mountain is relatively stable, and there is no sign of volcanic eruption.

The rolling mountains

The southern part of the mountain belongs to the Sino Korean paraplatform, and the northern part belongs to the Jihei Variscan fold belt. The Mesozoic Yanshanian movement unified the North-South tectonic direction and formed the Cathaysian mountain foundation. During the tertiary Himalayan movement, a large number of fault blocks rose and a large number of basalts erupted. The mountain area is mainly composed of granite, basalt, gneiss and schist, and granite is the most widely distributed area. Basalt is mainly distributed in Mudanjiang River Basin and around Changbai Mountain.

Changbai Mountain is characterized by the alternate distribution of equal mountain range, wide mountain basin and valley. Most of the mountain areas are 500-1000 meters above sea level, and only some are more than 1000 meters above sea level. The peak is 2749.2 meters, which is one of the high mountains in the eastern part of the Asian continent. The middle mountain area is mainly distributed to the east of zhangguangcailing, Laoyeling, weihuling and Longgang mountains, generally more than 1000 meters; the low mountains and hills are most widely distributed, including Wanda Mountains, Jilin hadaling and Daheishan mountains.

Abundant rainfall

Changbai Mountain is one of the places with the most precipitation in Northeast China. The annual precipitation at the southern foot of the mountain is more than 1000 mm, and the average annual precipitation is 500-800 mm. The north and northwest part of the river system are Songhua River system, including Songhua River, Mudan River, Muling River, woken River and Naoli River, accounting for more than 40% of the total flow. The east slope is Tumen River system, including Gaya River, burhatong River and Hailan river. The south slope is Yalu river system and Liao River system, including Hun River, Hun River and Taizi River. The water system is radial.

Dense plants

The north slope of Changbai Mountain is a typical temperate coniferous broadleaved coniferous mixed forest, which is distributed at an altitude of 500-1200 meters. Pinus koraiensis and Abies psammophila are the dominant coniferous species, while Abies odorifera and Picea koraiensis are the others. Broad leaved trees are mainly Betula formosana, Tilia amurensis, Tilia amurensis, color wood, Fraxinus mandshurica, Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla and Quercus mongolica. Pinus koraiensis and Betula formosana often occupy the dominant position in the forest, and occupy the top of the forest canopy, which is the representative of mixed forest. The middle and lower layers are mostly young trees and herbs.

The low-lying marshes with poor drainage at an altitude of 500-800 meters often form coniferous forest or pure forest dominated by Pinus tabulaeformis, commonly known as "Pinus tabulaeformis dianzi"; the valleys or basins below 500 meters are mainly meadow vegetation, with a wide variety of weeds, known as "wuhuacaotang"; while the marshes in floodplain, old river course or oxbow lake are well developed. Above the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest belt (1200-1

Chinese PinYin : Zhang Bai Shan Bei Po