Tomb of Dongfang Shuo

Tomb of Dongfang Shuo in Han Dynasty

Tomb of Dongfang Shuo

Dongfang Shuo's tomb is located in Shentou Town, 10km northeast of Lingcheng District, Dezhou City, Shandong Province. It is very poor. It is the cemetery of Dongfang Shuo, a famous writer in the Western Han Dynasty.

Dongfang Shuo (161 bc-93 BC) was named Manqian. He was a tiresome person in Pingyuan County of the Western Han Dynasty. He was good at diction, witty and eloquent. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was a Taizhong doctor, he gave a speech to Shizhong. Dongfang Shuo cemetery consists of two parts: Tomb and memorial temple.

The tomb is 22 meters from east to west, 16 meters from north to south, and 3 meters high. The original stone tablet in front of the tomb is inscribed "the tomb of Mr. Dongfang Shuo". The memorial hall is now abandoned, and only the stele of Yan Zhenqing's painting praise of Mr. Dongfang, the doctor of the Han Dynasty, which was written in the 13th year of Tang Tianbao (AD 754) has been preserved. Now it has been moved to the urban Pavilion of Lingcheng district for protection.

On April 26, 1977, the tomb of Dongfang Shuo was declared as a cultural relic protection unit of Shandong Province by the people's Government of Shandong Province.

brief introduction

Dongfang Shuo (161-93 BC), with the name Manqian, was born in the plain of the Western Han Dynasty (now Shentou Town, Lingcheng District, Dezhou, Shandong)

The officials went to Taizhong doctor. Plain is county, second is county.

It is recorded in historical records and Hanshu. He is erudite, witty and eloquent. His unique style of humor, direct admonishment and witty exhortation is recorded in the biographies of funny biographies in historical records and biography of Dongfang Shuo in the history of Han Dynasty.

Due to his admiration for Dong Fangshuo's personality and his profound knowledge, later generations praised him as a wise sage, a year star, a peach fairy, a comic master and a star of knowledge, and praised him as the Grandmaster of jokes, crosstalk, riddles, divination and popular literature.

For details of Dongfang Shuo, please refer to the entry: Dongfang Shuo

Textual research on Ji Li

Dongfang Shuo's books are the earliest records of "plain weariness times" in Hanshu. For a long time, there are two kinds of views about Dongfang Shuo's books, one is Shentou town in Lingcheng District, the other is Huimin town. Take some large dictionaries as an example: "Dongfang Shuo tomb" in the dictionary of China's famous scenic spots interprets "hanpingyuan Yanci county" in Dongfang Shuo as Shentou town in Lingcheng district; while "Dongfang Shuo" in Cihai interprets "Pingyuan Yanci county" as Huimin County in Shandong Province; recently, an ancient tomb of Tang Dynasty was excavated near Shentou town in Lingcheng District, and this dispute was solved by archaeological methods.

The epitaph unearthed from the Tang Dynasty tomb in Shentou Town, Lingcheng District proves that Dongfang Shuo was born in Shentou Town, Lingcheng district.

First, the epitaph begins with: "Gong taboo he, from ande, Dezhou, is the grandson of the twenty eighth generation of the Han Dynasty doctor Qian." The owner of the tomb is dongfanghe, a native of ande, Dezhou. Ande is the present city of the mausoleum. Before and after the Sui and Tang Dynasties, there were ande county (state), Dezhou county and Pingyuan county (state) in ande county. Dongfanghe is the 28th generation grandson of dongfangshuo (Manqian). He is from ande. This shows that the 28th generation grandson of dongfangshuo still lives in ande, Dezhou, which is the present Lingcheng district. After his death, he is still buried in Shentou Town, Lingcheng district.

Second, Dongfang Shuo was a man from 161 BC to 93 BC. The inscription of Dongfang he's epitaph was engraved in the third year of Xianheng (672 AD) of the Tang Dynasty, during which there were about 800 years, 28 generations, and the interval between each generation was about 28 years. This is more in line with the reality, so the record is reliable.

Third, the epitaph records: "ancestors, Qi tejin, and moved to Ji, Yi, Nan Yan three prefectures governor." This is dongfanghe's grandfather, dongfanglao, who was a special doctor in the Northern Qi Dynasty. Later, he became the governor of Jizhou, Yizhou and nanyanzhou. Gao Yun, the 19th biography of Beishi · Vol.31, attached: "dongfanglao, an Dezhou people Wenxuan received Zen and was granted the title of Bo in Yangping county. He was appointed as the governor of Yanzhou. " This attachment can be mutually confirmed with the epitaph records, both of which are about the affairs of the old Dongfang, and their positions are the governor of Southern Yanzhou. In the northern history, it is said that the East was always "ande people". Because ande was a county in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and the county was governed by Jinling City. The county had the border town, Yuji, Shentou and other places in Jinling City. Therefore, ande people were still Shentou people in Jinling City. In the early Tang Dynasty, ande county had Dezhou, but it was abolished. Therefore, the East became "ande people in Dezhou" It refers to the same region, that is, it refers to Shentou town in Jinling City. To sum up, it is believable that dongfangshuo is Shentou town in the present Lingcheng District, which is further confirmed by the newly unearthed epitaph of dongfanghe.

Shuo temple and tomb

Every year during the Qingming Festival, blind people from siwaibaxiang come to Shentou town in Lingcheng district. It turns out that they come to Shentou town to worship Dongfang Shuo temple and tomb. Dongfang Shuo is Manqian. He is a mediocre scholar in the Han and Taichung dynasties. He is knowledgeable and eloquent. He has written many works all his life. He is good at telling state affairs and teasing dignitaries in humorous language and way. Therefore, those in power appreciate Dongfang Shuo's talent, but dare not reuse him. Therefore, Dongfang Shuo's personality was noble, but his status was low.

geographical position

Dongfang Shuo's tomb is located in Erhua Li, southwest of Shentou Town, Dezhou City, Shandong Province. It is adjacent to Pingfu highway in the South and Xijin ancient river in the north. There are boundary stones around the base of the tomb, and pines and cypresses are planted in it, occupying dozens of mu. The ancestral temple of Dongfang Shuo is located in the North Street of Shentou Town, the hometown of Dongfang Shuo. Shuo temple and tomb were built one after another after Dongfang Shuo's death.

Building story

The construction of Shuo temple and Shuo tomb is worth mentioning twice in history. The first time was the construction of Shuo temple and tomb by Yan Zhenqing in the Tang Dynasty when he was the governor of the plain. This construction not only reinforced and sealed the tomb, planted pines and cypresses, but also made Yan Zhenqing write the praise stele of Dongfang Shuo. The inscriptions on the four sides of the stele, regular script in the main body, seal script on the Yang forehead of the stele, official script on the Yin forehead, and the collection of faces on a stele are particularly valuable. Therefore, this monument is like a treasure, which makes Shuo temple and tomb more beautiful.

The second one was built in the Hongwu Period of Ming Dynasty. It is said that Liu Bowen, the military adviser who helped Zhu Yuanzhang conquer the world, was skilled in eight trigrams divination, which was created by Dongfang Shuo for the blind. In the age of Dongfang Shuo, blind people had no way to make a living, so they had to do a lot of work for them, and suffered from bullying. Dongfang Shuo was very sympathetic to the situation of the blind people, so he created eight trigrams to teach them to speculate about good or bad fortune for them, so as to guide their behavior. At that time, the eight trigrams divination created by Dongfang Shuo was based on the book of changes, with dialectic thought. The blind got the means to make a living, and changed their status from ox and horse to gentleman. The situation changed obviously, so the blind respected Dongfang Shuo as their master. Liu Bowen's legendary calculation improved the reputation of Eight Trigram divination, so the activities of respecting teachers and offering sacrifices to ancestors rose again, and he decided to add Shuo temple and Shuo tomb. Blind people tried their best to think that the construction should reflect the style and work of their ancestors. The result of the discussion was to cast a large censer. The censer is 2 meters high and 3.5 meters long. It can not be placed in the room. It is placed in front of the temple. It is called "the censer is bigger than the temple". Its meaning is: the body is inferior, the style is high, the temple is small, and the incense is abundant. This is also very subtle. Because Shuo temple and tomb were built by different people in different dynasties, they have different feelings and are full of fun. After many vicissitudes, Shuo temple only has the portrait praise stele, which has been listed as a national first-class cultural relic. Shuo tomb has also been listed as a key cultural relic protection unit at the provincial level.

offspring

Dongfanghe

According to the epitaph of dongfanghe, the great ancestor of dongfanghe, the 25th generation descendant of dongfangshuo, was dongfangying. Yongpingzhong (508-511) of the Northern Wei Dynasty was the chief historian of Qingzhou. The epitaph said that he was "the ruler of the three Qi dynasties and the ruler of the Qing Dynasty". Dongfanghe's grandfather is dongfanglao. According to the epitaph, "his grandfather, Qi tejin, moved to Jizhou, Yizhou and Nanyan.". It is said that Dongfang was a special doctor in the Northern Qi Dynasty, and later became a governor of Jeju, Yizhou and nanyanzhou. This can be found in the official history, and it is attached in the northern History Volume 31 biographies No. 19 Gaoyun: "Dongfang Laoren, Anderu people (now Lingcheng district people) Wenxuan received Zen and was granted the title of Bo in Yangping county. He was appointed as the governor of Yanzhou.

Historical records

According to historical records, Dongfang was always a famous general. First, he went from life to death for Gao Gao's (Xiang Yu's type of character). After many battles, he made great contributions to Gao Huan, the founder of the Northern Qi Dynasty. Therefore, after Gao Huan's son Gao Yang ascended the throne, he became Dongfang's elder uncle in Yangping county and the governor of Southern Yanzhou. As an important general, Dongfang Lao led his army to Nanliang. Although he made some achievements at the beginning, he was defeated by the "flooded seven armies" due to continuous heavy rain. Dongfang Lao was captured by Liang and then killed. Dongfang Rong, the father of Dongfang he, was the official of the emperor's badminton army. This official position was only for the emperor's confidants. Dongfang he was very famous when he was 20 years old. "In the year of emperor Xi, he expounded five chariots and was rich in six classic arts". He also served in the army in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. After the stability of the Tang Dynasty, he wanted to devote himself to the civil service, but he suddenly died in 672 and was buried in his hometown.

epitaph

The epitaph of dongfanghe records the life experiences of the descendants of the 25th to 28th generations of dongfangshuo. The time span of written records (508-672) is about 160 years, but it has gone through Five Dynasties: the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Eastern Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty, the Sui Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty. This period of history is exactly the turbulent period from chaos to governance in Chinese history, but from dongfangying to dongfanghe, despite the changes of dynasties, Each generation plays an important role in the political arena of different dynasties. It can be seen that the descendants of Dongfang Shuo are quite rich

Chinese PinYin : Dong Fang Shuo Mu