Chishui River

Chishui River

Chishui River, or Chishui, is a tributary of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in China. It is named for its high sediment content and red yellow water color. In ancient times, it had the names of Chishui River, anleshui River and dabashui river. It was in the border area of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan provinces. It originates from doujiazhai Shanqing, Changba Town, Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province, and its upstream is called Yudong river. It flows eastward to Tiziyan, which is at the junction of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou provinces. Its water volume increases. It passes through qixingguan district and Jinsha County of Bijie City, Guizhou Province, and the border of Xuyong county and Gulin County of Sichuan Province, and then enters Renhuai City, Xishui County and Chishui City, and Hejiang County of Sichuan Province, and enters the Yangtze River. The total length is 444.5 km (524 km)

436.5 km

）The drainage area is 20400 square kilometers.

Three quarters of the Chishui River Basin is in the mountains, so Chishui River is the only unpolluted tributary of the Yangtze River in China. The river is crystal clear, with steep and dangerous rapids on both sides. Hydropower reserves are 1.27 million kilowatts, but no dam has been built on its main stream. Under Baiyangping, it can be navigable for 5-165 tons annually and seasonally.

Chishui River, because of the story of the Red Army of Chinese workers and peasants crossing Chishui, is rich in fine wine in the basin, and is known as "hero River" and "fine wine River".

Name evolution

Chishui River, known as "Heshui" in Qin and Han Dynasties, is named because its basin is one of the prefectures of Nanyi. From the later Han Dynasty to the two Jin Dynasties, it was called "dabashui" and "anleshui".

In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was called bafu (Fu) water;

In the tenth year of Tang Tianbao (715), the name of "red Cobra River" appeared for the first time in the proclamation for the southern expedition. "Red" person, "flow volume sediment, every rain rise, water color muddy red, the river is also named.". "Cobra" refers to poisonous snake. It's because there are poisonous snakes everywhere in the muddy river. In fact, the word "Cobra" in "red Cobra River" should take the meaning of "Cobra": thunder. It refers to the roaring thunder of the Chishui River. In the 15th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1382), Chishui Wei was set up in Xuyong, Sichuan Province, and the name of "red Cobra" was changed to "Chishui". The word "Cobra" in "red Cobra River" should take the meaning of "Cobra": thunder. It refers to the roaring thunder of the Chishui River.

In addition, there are many different appellations for different sections of Chishui River. For example, "Gulin county annals" contains: "once known as Qilang water, Zhixi.".

"Renhuai county annals" contains: "Qing Dynasty once called Renhuai river.".

According to the records of Xishui County, "Taiping Huanyu Ji and Sichuan Tongzhi shanchuanmen are called Anle River and Xiaojiang River; some river sections were named zhailang River (Miao zhailang lived here in ancient times), Renshui River and Zhijiang River".

According to the list of Hejiang County, it is called "Zhixi" in the records of scenic spots.

Chishui River is known as Maotai River in Renhuai county. Liying Township section is also called Napo River.

General situation of main stream

Chishui River is a large tributary on the South Bank of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. It originates from doujiazhai Shanqing, Changba Town, Zhenxiong County, and is called Yudong River in the upper reaches. It flows northward for several kilometers, then turns eastward to Luodian Xiaohekou and turns northeast to Luodian Xiaohekou, passes through a section of undercurrent, turns southeast to Longdong Hekou, turns northeast to the junction of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan, and is called Bishu River, turns southeast to Shiguan, turns northeast to Baohe Hekou and turns northeast to Maohe The section from sanshengjie to Maotai is the Sichuan Guizhou boundary river, the section from Yanzhai to Gulin estuary is the southwest flow, the section from shantan to Gulin estuary is the Sichuan Guizhou boundary river, the section from Tucheng town and YuanHou town of Xishui county is the Northeast flow, the section from Taiping town of Gulin county is the Jinsha flow, the section from Xiaohekou of Longyan is the southwest flow, and the section from Datong estuary is the Northeast flow, It is called Chishui River after passing Chishui, flows into Sichuan by lianyuxi (the section from datonghekou to lianyuxi is the boundary river between Sichuan and Guizhou), and flows into the Yangtze River in the east of Hejiang city.

The total length of the river is 444.5 km (524 km)

436.5 km

About 520 kilometers

）Among them, the length of the upper reaches in Yunnan is 73.5 km, the length of the third section of the Sichuan Guizhou boundary river is 194 km, the length of the river section completely flowing through Guizhou is 126 km, and the length of the river section completely flowing into the lower reaches in Sichuan is 51 km. The total drop is 1588 meters, with an average gradient of 3.57 per thousand. The average annual discharge of the estuary is 309 cubic meters per second. Among them, the total drop in Guizhou Province (including the boundary river section) is 529 meters, with an average gradient of 1.66 per thousand. The average discharge of the outlet is 260 cubic meters per second.

River course

The source of Chishui River is in contradiction with historical records and local records. According to the annals of Gulin County, "it originated from the back of the snow mountain pass in Gulin and the thousand rivers of today's BOLUO brigade in Heini commune.".

There are also media reports: Chishui River originates from Liangzi, huaguoding, Yuhe Town, north of Zhenxiong County, Yunnan Province, with an altitude of 2000 meters.

The records, including the dictionary of ancient and modern place names in China, are not entirely correct.

The description in the newly compiled general annals of Yunnan is close to the truth: "the Chishui River originates from the Luodian River, 30 Li northeast of Zhenxiong. In the southeast, it flows to the left and then to the East, and then to the left and then to the Changzhang River; in the southeast, it flows to the right and then to the namuhang River; all the rivers meet and are called Chishui River. " In addition, "Renhuai Zhili Tingzhi · territory" said that it "originated from the northeast of Zhenxiong turtledove well"; "Guizhou geography · hydrology" (1988 edition) said that it "originated from Dadongkou of fishing net Township in Dawan District of Zhenxiong"; and "Zhenxiong County annals · hydrology" said that it "originated from doujiazhai Shanqing in the southwest of the county.". It is called Chishui River only after it is accepted by Tongche River on the right bank. According to other data, the source is located in the changshuiyan formation (also known as Chagou) of Yinchang village, chishuiyuan town.

In 1986, several Guizhou scholars visited the upper reaches of the Chishui River and confirmed that the source of the Chishui River came from the Shanqing of anjiaba village and luohanlin village in Changba Town, Zhenxiong County, and passed through chishuiyuan town (formerly Banqiao Town) as Banqiao River.

According to the annals of Zhenxiong County, Chishui River originates from doujiazhai Shanqing, Changba Town, southwest of Zhenxiong County, and flows from southwest to northeast. To Tiechanggou, Guochang River, to Xibai, Songlin mountain clear water in Zuona, to chishuiyuan town (original Banqiao Town), Banqiao River, to luoruo, luoruo River, to Luoshuidong, to Lae Chudong in Guozhu Yi Township, Lae River, from yuejiazhai to Yudong, to Xiongbei River in Zuona, to Yudong River, to Yunling Zuona Shekou water, to Dawan town Luodian zuonatuoni river is called Luodian River; to Yutian, Xiangba River, to Gangou, it flows into the sand bottom of the riverbed in winter and spring to Cangshang River, zuonachangzhang River (Zhaxi River and jiulongxi River in Weixin county), which is the boundary river between Weixin county and Zhenxiong County, to nanmuwo ferry, zuonalop River (backwater in Weixin county), to Boli Liangcha River in chamu Township, and to Tongche River (also known as "Tongche River") CHEHE River ", the upstream of which is called Muxiang River), was originally called Chishui River, and left the country at Chahe, a township of Yi, Miao and Bai nationalities in Potou.

The main stream of Chishui River is 95 km long in Zhenxiong County (including Weixin county and Zhenxiong County boundary river), 50-100 m wide and 7.8 m deep. The river is steep, dangerous and stony in Song Dynasty. It is not navigable. The flood peak discharge of Banqiao reach is 776 m3 / s in 1924, 627 m3 / s in 1948, 541 m3 / s in 1954, 558 m3 / s in 1963 and 173 m3 / s in 1980. In 1980, the low flow was 0.67 m3 / s.

Chishui flows eastward to Jiming, which is at the junction of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan. It enters the urban area of Bijie, receives the Weihe River, turns northeast, and becomes the boundary river between Xuyong County, Gulin County, qixingguan district and Jinsha County of Bijie. It turns southeast at Shiguan District of Xuyong County, Sichuan, and turns northeast at the mouth of the Xiaohe River (Baohe River) in qixingguan District of Bijie, and joins Jinsha County Puzi river is the boundary river between Renhuai City and Gulin county. The main stream is 45 kilometers long at the junction of Bijie City, Jinsha County and Sichuan Province, with a natural drop of 525 meters, an average gradient of 11.8 ‰, and an average annual flow of 35.83 cubic meters per second. The main tributaries of Chishui River in Bijie City are Mianyu River (Weihe River), Baohe River (Wangxiang River, Xiaohe River), Malo River (Erdao River), Puzi River, etc. The main stream is equipped with Chishui River Station.

Chishui flows eastward to Shiguan (Chishui town jurisdiction) of Xuyong county and into Gulin County, which is the boundary river between the county and Bijie City and Jinsha County. It flows through Zhongsha, napan, horseshoe, Guanyu, Xinma, Jiaoyuan, laiban, Gaojia, Shuikou, Jiuling, Miaolin, Tucheng, Xinhua, Erlang, Jiulong, Taiping Town and other towns to taipingdukou. The length of the river is 276 km (45 km from huangjuetan to mayantan, which belongs to Renhuai County of Guizhou Province). It is surrounded by the south, East and north sides of Gulin, converging the horseshoe River, Baisha River, duanjiang River, Yanjing River, Gulin River and other rivers in northern Guizhou Province. It turns north to East and enters Tucheng town of Xishui County of Guizhou Province. The drainage area in the territory is more than 2570 square kilometers.

Chishui River flows eastward to napodu, Liying village, Longjing Township, and enters Renhuai county (and the boundary river of Gulin County, Sichuan). The section of the county is often called Maotai river. Liying Township section is also called Napo River.

First, it flows from the southwest to the northeast, then to Maotai Town, then from the southeast to the northwest, leaving at Lianghekou of Shatan Township and entering Xishui County. 13 townships (towns) including Liying, Longjing, Limin, Wenzheng, Zhonghua, Maotai, Maotai Town, Dukou, Ziyun, Erhe, HEMA, gongqun and Shatan, which flow through Maoba, Luban, Zhongxin and HEMA districts,

Chinese PinYin : Chi Shui He