Memorial Hall of the third National Congress of the Communist Party of China

Memorial Hall of the third National Congress of the Communist Party of China

From June 12 to 20, 1923, the third National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held in Guangzhou. It is the only National Congress of great historical significance held by the Communist Party of China in Guangzhou so far, which has had a great impact on the Chinese revolution. In 1979, the site of the third National Congress of the Communist Party of China was listed as a key cultural relics protection unit in Guangdong Province. It was officially restored and opened on July 1, 2006.

historical background

Since the founding of the Communist Party of China, it has actively explored the nature, object, motive force and future of the Chinese revolution. Under the guidance and help of Lenin and the Communist International, the second National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the party's minimum program (the program of democratic revolution against imperialism and feudalism at the present stage) and the highest program (the ultimate goal of struggle), and adopted the resolution on "democratic united front". The West Lake meeting of the Communist Party of China decided that under the condition of Sun Yat Sen's reorganization of the Kuomintang, a small number of responsible persons of the Communist Party should join the Kuomintang first, and at the same time, all the party members should be encouraged to join the Kuomintang in their own names.

Under the leadership and organization of the Communist Party of China, the first climax of the workers' movement appeared, which fully demonstrated the great strength of the new working class on the political stage. However, under the cruel suppression of imperialism and warlords, the workers' movement suffered serious setbacks. The lesson of blood made the Communists realize that the working class must unite with other classes to fight together and form a broad revolutionary united front in order to finally win the revolution.

After Yuan Shikai usurped the fruits of the 1911 Revolution, the failure of the national defense movement and the law protection movement, and Chen Jiongming's armed rebellion, Dr. Sun Yat Sen, the great forerunner of China's democratic revolution, had a great change in his thinking. He looked for a new way out of the revolution, expressed his willingness to accept the help of the Soviet government and the Communist Party of China, reorganized the Kuomintang, and supported the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China Cooperation within the party to jointly carry out the national revolutionary movement.

Three major conferences

The third National Congress of the Communist Party of China, in accordance with the instructions of the Communist International and in combination with the specific conditions of the Chinese revolution, fully developed democracy, correctly resolved the major differences within the party on the issue of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the early days of the founding of the party, unified the understanding of the whole party, and formally determined the strategic guidelines for the members of the Communist Party to join the Kuomintang as individuals and cooperate with the Kuomintang within the party.

In order to hold the conference well, the CPC Central Committee moved to Guangzhou. At present, there is no complete list of delegates to the Congress, but according to the highest number of votes at the time of election, at least 40 delegates attended the Congress. Most of these representatives are secretaries of the CPC's district committees and leaders of the labor movement, representing 420 party members across the country. Ma Lin, representative of the Communist International, attended the meeting. The Congress elected nine executive members and five alternate members to form a new central executive committee. The Central Bureau is composed of Chen Duxiu, Cai Hesen, Mao Zedong, Luo Zhanglong and Tan Pingshan, with Chen Duxiu as chairman.

Meeting content

In 1923, the Communist Party of China held the third National Congress in Guangzhou, and formally decided to cooperate with the Kuomintang led by Sun Yat Sen to establish a revolutionary united front. At the meeting, the cooperation policy was determined: Party members join the Kuomintang in their personal capacity, while maintaining the political, ideological and organizational independence of the Communist Party; help the Kuomintang reorganize into a political party allied with the working class, the peasantry, the urban petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie.

From June 12 to 20, 1923, the third National Congress of the Communist Party of China was held at No. 31 (now No. 3, jiuguyuan Road), Dongshan, Guangzhou. Nearly 40 delegates from all over the country and Moscow, including Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Mao Zedong, Cai Hesen, Chen Tanqiu, Yun Daiying, Qu Qiubai, Zhang Guotao, Li Lisan, Xiang Ying, attended the meeting. They represented 420 party members from all over the country. Malin, the representative of the Communist International, attended the meeting. Chen Duxiu presided over the meeting and delivered a report on behalf of the second central executive committee.

There are three main items on the agenda of the Congress: first, to discuss the draft Party platform; second, to discuss the establishment of a revolutionary united front with the Kuomintang; third, to elect the party's central executive committee. The central topic of the meeting was to discuss cooperation with the Kuomintang and the establishment of a revolutionary united front. In his report, Chen Duxiu focused on the basis and process of the CPC's decision to establish a revolutionary united front with the Kuomintang. The delegates had a heated discussion on the issue of Communist Party members joining the Kuomintang in their personal capacity and establishing a revolutionary united front. After discussion, the Congress accepted the instructions of the Communist International on the cooperation between the Communist Party of China and the Chinese Kuomintang, and adopted the "resolution on the national movement and the issue of the Kuomintang" and the declaration of the third National Congress of the Communist Party of China. The central idea of these documents is that the party should "take the national revolutionary movement as the central work" at the present stage, and the Communists join the Kuomintang in their personal capacity, establish a united front with the Kuomintang in the form of intra party cooperation, so as to complete the important task of the anti imperialist and anti feudal national revolution. The document also stipulates some principles for maintaining the political independence of the Communist Party of China.

Chen Duxiu, Cai Hesen, Li Dazhao, Tan Pingshan, Wang Hebo, Mao Zedong, Zhu Shaolian, Xiang Ying and Luo Zhanglong were elected as members of the Central Committee. Deng Pei, Zhang Lianguang, Xu meikun, Li Hanjun and Deng Zhongxia were elected as alternate members of the Central Committee, Chen Duxiu served as chairman, Mao Zedong as secretary, and Luo Zhanglong as accountant, responsible for the daily work of the Central Committee. According to the strategic principles of Marxism Leninism and the instructions of the Communist International, the third National Congress of the Communist Party of China, combined with the specific situation of the Chinese revolution, fully carried forward democracy, correctly solved the major differences existing in the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the early days of the founding of the party, unified the understanding of the whole party, and formally determined the identity of the Communist Party members The strategy of joining the Kuomintang as a human being and cooperating with the Kuomintang within the party enables the party to unite all possible forces to accomplish the task of democratic revolution against imperialism and feudalism.

After the third National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the promotion of the Communist Party of China, Dr. Sun Yat Sen reorganized the Kuomintang, determined the three major policies of uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party and supporting agriculture and industry, held the first National Congress of the Kuomintang cooperating with the Communist Party of China, formally established the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China, and set off a massive and vigorous revolutionary mass movement against imperialism and feudalism in the whole country The Northern Expedition promoted the upsurge of Chinese revolution. However, the Congress did not pay due attention to the leadership of the proletariat, the peasants and the army. On the day of the end of the third National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the delegates came to the tomb of the martyr in Huanghuagang and sang the international song under the command of Comrade Qu Qiubai. The Third Congress of the Communist Party of China was successfully concluded in a magnificent and powerful international song.

Cooperation between KMT and CPC

The Chinese Communists conscientiously implemented the resolution of the third National Congress of the Communist Party of China, joined the Kuomintang in their personal capacity, vigorously publicized the policy of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party with full political enthusiasm, and helped the Kuomintang restructure and develop local organizations. With the strong support and help of the Communist Party of China, the first National Congress of the Chinese Kuomintang was held in Guangzhou in January 1924. Sun Yat Sen reinterpreted the three people's principles. In fact, he determined the policy of uniting Russia, the Communist Party and supporting agriculture and industry. The first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was formally formed. The Kuomintang was reorganized into a Revolutionary Alliance of workers, peasants, petty bourgeoisie and national bourgeoisie.

Before the first National Congress of the Kuomintang, the Kuomintang's activities were basically confined to a few places such as Guangdong. After the Congress, thanks to the help of the Communist Party, Kuomintang organizations and revolutionary forces in various places developed rapidly. As Zhou Enlai said, "after the reorganization of the Kuomintang, thanks to the efforts of our party, the workers' movement and the peasants' movement have greatly developed throughout the country. Kuomintang organizations in all provinces have also been established and developed thanks to the efforts of our comrades. At that time, the main responsible people's congresses of the Kuomintang in all provinces were our comrades It was our party that attracted the revolutionary youth to the Kuomintang, and it was our party that made the Kuomintang have relations with the workers and peasants. "

Historical function

The third National Congress of the Communist Party of China established the policy of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and raised the issue of the leadership of the proletariat and the alliance of workers and peasants in the democratic revolution at the Fourth National Congress, which made the Communist Party develop rapidly, created favorable conditions for large-scale training of the backbone of the revolutionary movement, promoted the rise of the mass movement of workers and peasants, and laid the foundation for unifying Guangdong, starting the northern expedition, and promoting the expansion of the national revolution from Guangdong to the whole country Foundation.

When the tide of revolution was rising day by day, the right wing of the Kuomintang openly betrayed the three major policies of uniting Russia, the Communist Party and supporting agriculture and industry, launched a counter revolutionary coup, and the great revolution was defeated.

In the later practice of revolutionary struggle, the Communist Party of China gradually summed up its experiences and lessons, adhered to and developed the three determined principles of the United Front, united the vast majority of the Chinese people, formed the broadest revolutionary united front, and finally defeated the powerful enemy. In the historical period of transition to socialism and socialist construction, especially reform and opening up and modernization, the party's United Front Theory and policies have been further enriched and developed, the scope of the United Front has been further expanded, and the United Front has played an increasingly important role.

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