Ruiying Temple

Ruiying Temple

Ruiying temple, known as "Gegen Sumu" by Mongolian, is commonly known as Buddha Lama Temple. It is located in Fosi village, Fosi Town, Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County, Liaoning Province. The temple was first built in 1669 and began to take shape in 1669. During the reign of Daoguang, the temple reached its peak. Emperor Kangxi gave the name and inscription to Ruiying temple, which was engraved with Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan and Chinese characters. He also called sangdansangbu, the first living Buddha of Ruiying temple, the "old Mongolian Buddha of the Eastern Qing Dynasty". Ruiying temple is a national 4A scenic spot and a provincial key cultural relic protection unit.

architectural style

From south to north, Ruiying Temple adopts the pattern of highlighting the center and assisting each other on both sides, which makes it clear that the primary and secondary buildings are well coordinated. That is to say, it imitates the form of Potala Palace in Tibet and has some changes. It fully embodies the architectural style of Tibetan Buddhist temples with the integration of Manchu, Mongolian, Tibetan and Han. There are four big ZHACANG and dedanqueling outside the main hall. The temples around the hall were built on the top of the mountain or hillside, forming a symmetrical pattern. Outside the hall, there is a 6-kilometer-long Ring Road around the temple. Beside the road, there are ten thousand stone Buddhas standing on the ring road, which is known as "Ten Thousand Buddhas on the ring road". On every roadside leading to the temple and the nearby mountains, there are stone Buddha statues of different sizes everywhere. Ruiying temple can be called a Buddhist holy land.

Historical evolution

Ruiying Temple (commonly known as Dongzang, Mongolian people called "Gegen Sumu", commonly known as the Buddha Lama Temple.) It is located in Fosi village, Fosi Town, Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous County, Liaoning Province, 22 kilometers southwest of Fuxin city. Founded in 1699, it belongs to the Gelug Sect of Tibetan Buddhism and is known as "Dongzang". In 1703, it began to take shape. Emperor Kangxi gave it a name and inscription, and a plaque of Ruiying Temple engraved with Manchu, Han, Tibetan and Mongolian characters. In Manchu, it was called ferguwecun-i acabre ts'i, while in Chinese, it was called Ruiying temple, It is called dgah ldan Dar rgyas grub glig in Tibetan, and gaihamsiga jokiragulogci s ü me in Mongolian. The living Buddha BSAM gtan bzag Po qutugutu (1633-1722) of Ruiying temple was named "jeg ü n gajar UN Monggol no ebugen borqan.". Ruiying temple has more than 3000 monks in its heyday. The temple has a building area of more than 10 Li, including the main hall, the praying hall, the nine ministers praying hall and the East-West side hall. Outside the main hall, there are four big ZHACANG, dedanqueling (Tibetan: Anle Zufa Hall) and the living Buddha Hall. There are five academies around them, which are built on the top or hillside of the East, West, North and south, respectively. Dabaisangai temple is on the top of the northeast mountain to protect the people The Dharma temple sits on the top of the southeast mountain and faces the north. The dormu temple is on the top of the southwest mountain. The Guandi temple is on the southwest mountain. The Sheli temple is on the top of the Northwest Mountain. The layout of the whole temple is reasonable and the primary and secondary are distinct, forming a unique pattern of symmetry inside and outside. In addition, there is a ring road around the temple. There are ten thousand stone Buddha statues on the side of the road. Standing in the ring road, it is magnificent and is actually a holy land of Buddhism.

According to historical records, in the heyday of Ruiying temple, there was a saying that "the famous Lamas were 3600, while the unknown Lamas were sainiumao.". After 180 years of expansion, Ruiying temple covers an area of about 18 square kilometers, with 97 temples and more than 1620 rooms, forming a magnificent Buddhist architectural complex. The main hall, the main hall, is majestic and magnificent. The living Buddha palace is divided into two halls: the East and the west, with 999 houses and seven doors in the north and south. There are four ZHACANG and dedanqueling around the hall. There are ten thousand stone Buddha statues on Wanfo Road, the outer ring of the temple, which is known as "Ten Thousand Buddhas". Each hall, pavilion and pagoda in the temple is of different styles and magnificent. In addition, there are 800 monasteries and more than 3000 tile roofed houses. The doors and windows of the residence are engraved with auspicious patterns painted with red and green colors. The quiet and flat courtyard and the neat and orderly street appearance give people a mysterious and quiet feeling. All the living Buddhas in Ruiying temple were well received by the emperor. Every year they went to Beijing to chant sutras and pray for the emperor. They also got the support of the Eastern Mongolian princes. The organization of Ruiying temple is relatively tight and complete. In addition to the living Buddha, the highest leader of the temple, there are also managers of the living Buddha residence, members of the document room group, and members of various conference groups. There are countless precious cultural relics in Ruiying temple. At that time, the rituals of Ruiying temple were frequent, and the large-scale Buddhist assembly of the whole temple was held eight to nine times a year. Every year, a grand "Chama" (steel exorcism dance) dance is held. Ruiying temple also has its own honor guard. Whenever the monks' honor guard of Ruiying temple holds the ceremony of patrolling around the temple, Mongolian people from all directions gather in Ruiying temple, and many businessmen come to trade with goods, which not only develops the market trade, promotes the exchange of materials, but also facilitates the masses. In the third year of Daoguang (1823), Ruiying temple said in the memorial to the emperor, "there are as many as 3000 monks and disciples in Ruiying temple, belonging to 800 families." With the approval of Emperor Daoguang, the Lifan court awarded the fourth living Buddha of luobusantu butanlag with the inscription of "tuimet UN iasag TA blam-a caqan tian'ci quduqtu iin 'tamaq-a:: tumet-i Jasag Da Lama Cagan diyanci kutuktu-i Doron::" in Manchu, Mongolian and Tibetan. ）According to the ethnography of Fuxin Mongolian Autonomous Region, the seal of the Qing Dynasty is the fourth year of Daoguang (1824). The management system of "integration of politics and religion" should be implemented. Ruiying temple and Pu'an temple in Haitangshan have become the Buddhist cultural centers in eastern Mongolia, known as "Eastern Tibet".

Ruiying temple is rapidly restoring its former style and has increasingly become a Buddhist holy land attracting people's attention. With the passage of time and the changes of the times, Ruiying temple, which once flourished in history, has changed beyond recognition during the "Cultural Revolution". The temple hall was seriously damaged, and there were few Buddhist statues, scriptures and other objects left. The only thing left was the dilapidated Mahavira hall, which was converted into a granary. The front and back courtyard of the inner hall, the East Hall, the West Hall and the study room of the living Buddha mansion are used as schools and offices. All the ten thousand Buddha statues on the ten thousand Buddha Road have been destroyed one after another. The monks were driven out of the temple. Ruiying temple has had a very far-reaching impact on the development of Mongolian medicine, astronomy and calendar, architectural technology, culture and art, and has a high position in the majority of religious people, especially the Mongolian people. From the beginning of Ruiying temple to 280 years before the founding of the people's Republic of China, there were six living Buddhas. Ruiying temple is a masterpiece of Tibetan, Han and Mongolian architectural styles, which plays an important role in ancient Chinese architectural system. A large number of precious cultural relics with historical, artistic and scientific values are preserved in the temple, which not only reflects the unique traditional cultural and artistic characteristics of the Mongolian nationality, but also reflects the exchange and integration of Mongolian, Han and other multi-ethnic cultures. It is the historical evidence of the unity and fraternity of the Chinese nation and the common creation of civilization. Ruiying temple was once a very influential Buddhist temple. As the largest Mongolian Tibetan Buddhist cultural center in eastern China, it accepted pilgrims thousands of times a day, and even overseas believers came to worship.

In 2011, with the approval of the national tourist attractions quality rating committee, Fuxin Ruiying Temple scenic spot was promoted to national 4A scenic spot, becoming the second national AAAA scenic spot after Haitang mountain scenic spot.

Legend of temple building

In the early spring of 1669, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty went to the northeast for a private visit in Weifu. Not long after he left the pass, he rode a black donkey into a small village and was invited into the main hall by a wedding master to drink wedding wine. Kangxi heart surprised, looked up at the weather, thought: today is not a auspicious day, why did the host choose this day to do the wedding? Before leaving, Kangxi asked, "who chose the date of their children's marriage? I want to see him The master replied, "at the top of the mountain in tunbei, there is an eminent monk named sangdansangbu who sits in the cave all the year round." Kangxi, following the direction of his master's direction, leads the donkey to turn left and right, and climbs up the mountain step by step. Suddenly, he sees a Chaoyang stone cave in front of the strange peaks and rocks. Looking closely, a little white rabbit jumps to the entrance of the cave, and instantly becomes a gorgeous tiger. He lies across the cave. When he sees a stranger coming, he looks at it. Kangxi was scared out of a cold sweat. When he was in a dilemma, a middle-aged Lama with a smile came out of the cave and recited in a loud voice: "when the distinguished guest comes, it's hard to welcome him. The tiger is shocked. Please Haihan!" The tiger blocking the hole suddenly turned into a rabbit and jumped away.

Emperor Kangxi breathed a sigh of relief, stepped into the cave and asked softly, "are you sangdansangbu Lama?"

"Poor monk, it is." Sang Dan sang Bu answered and put a stone bowl of strong tea on the stone table, "please taste the local Hosta tea.".

Kangxi tasted a few mouthfuls and suddenly felt refreshed. Look at the mulberry in front of you

Chinese PinYin : Rui Ying Si