Jiangkou cliff tomb

Jiangkou cliff tomb

Jiangkou cliff tombs, with Meihua village of Jiangkou Town as the center, are distributed in saizishan, changshangeng, gaojiagou, Yanjinggou, douyafang, Dayu and youfanggou, covering an area of 30.4 square kilometers. There are 4580 existing cliff tombs.

The upper limit of Jiangkou cliff tombs is the late Western Han Dynasty, and the lower limit is not later than the Three Kingdoms.

Jiangkou cliff tomb was announced as the fifth batch of national key cultural relics protection units in 2001.

geographical position

Jiangkouya cemetery is located on the East Bank of Minjiang River, Jiangkou Town, 5km northeast of Pengshan district.

Out of Pengshan, across the Minjiang River Bridge, not far from pengzushan, you can reach Jiangkou Town. Down the Wuli long street of Jiangkou, to the confluence of Fuhe River and Nanhe River, five tall and straight gingko leaves to welcome guests. Here is the famous Jiangkou cliff Tomb Museum, also known as Han cliff Tomb Museum of Pengshan district. This cliff Tomb Museum, built on more than 5000 Han Dynasty cliff tombs in Pengshan, covers an area of more than 3100 square meters and is divided into three exhibition areas: the first is the exhibition area of cliff tombs, the second is the exhibition area of historical relics with Zitong palace as the exhibition room, and the third is the exhibition area of sculpture hall with rare Han Dynasty portrait bricks and stone as the content.

unearthed relic

At the beginning of May 1941, the Chuankang historic site investigation group, which was jointly organized by the Institute of history and Philology of Academia Sinica, the Preparatory Office of the National Central Museum, and the China Construction Society (Liang Sicheng was the director of the French group of the society at that time), sailed up the Minjiang River from Lizhuang, Yibin, Sichuan to Pengshan. On June 14, the delegation began to excavate the Jiangkou cliff tomb, and all the work ended on December 9, 1942. A total of 76 cliff tombs, 2 brick tombs, 7 earth pit tombs and hundreds of pottery figurines were excavated. Later, Nanjing Museum published the book "Han Dynasty cliff tombs in Pengshan, Sichuan", which caused a great shock in Chinese and foreign archaeological circles.

The precious cultural relics unearthed from Jiangkou cliff tombs are collected in large museums such as Beijing, Nanjing and Chengdu. Among the 150 pieces of "treasures of Chinese cultural relics" published by Nanjing Museum, 6 pieces were unearthed in Jiangkou of Pengshan! In the cliff Tomb Museum, the main contents are brick portraits of the queen mother of the west, brick rubbings of secret plays known as "the first kiss in the world", stone portraits, bronze cash trees, Sarcophagus, wooden Museum and various kinds of pottery of the Han Dynasty. Many of them are precious cultural relics.

Unearthed in 1972, the bronze cash tree with a height of 1.44 meters, is one of the largest, most refined and most richly decorated cash trees unearthed from the cliff tombs of the Han Dynasty in China. It is designated as a national top-grade cultural relic.

When this national treasure was exhibited in Japan in 1986, many people were amazed at the exquisite foundry art of ancient China. These cultural relics are simple and dignified, with various forms, which fully show the wonderful color of Han Dynasty cultural relics.

Characteristics of cliff tombs

Cliff tomb is a kind of popular tomb form in Han Dynasty, which imitates human residence and chisels mountain as room. According to Feng yanzhuan in the book of the later Han Dynasty, "chisel cliff stones to make room, and support Gaoyang to raise immortals." This is the earliest record of cliff tombs. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, because of its long history, the cliff tomb was attached to the society and became the "immortal cave" for cultivating immortals and alchemy. Lu You, the great poet of the Southern Song Dynasty, pointed out that the cliff tombs were "the place where the ancient people who got the way hid the elixirs". Therefore, the cliff tombs were covered with the color of seclusion and magic.

Jiangkou cliff tombs are densely distributed, with various forms, exquisite stone carvings, rich cultural relics, high grade and profound connotation.

There are six types of tombs in Jiangkou cliff tombs, including boat shaped chamber tombs, shaft horizontal chamber tombs, rock chamber and brick chamber combined tombs, patio tombs and special-shaped tombs, which are divided into single chamber tombs, double chamber tombs and three chamber tombs. Structurally speaking, these cliff tombs are composed of a passage, a gate and a chamber.

The tomb road is about 20 meters long, with socket type drainage pipes beside it. The gate of the tomb is imitated by the gate of the imperial residence. It has four lintels and is ornate and colorful. Not only are the forms of carvings on the lintels of each floor different, but also the carvings on the doors of the three tombs are different. Some are decorated with jade eaves and brackets, some are carved with Jiahe ruicao, some are carved with auspicious animals, and some are carved with Kabuki. The tombs are bright and spacious, but they are a little shady and humid. It is said that people in the Han Dynasty paid attention to health preservation and death. They believed that through tombs, the soul would be reborn and enter the ideal world in the future.

Important features

Therefore, an important feature of Han Dynasty tombs is that many tombs strive to copy and express the life style of the dead. Therefore, there are also front and back rooms, left and right wing rooms, halls, interior rooms, kitchens and closets in the tomb chambers of cliff tombs, which truly show the residential style and living habits of Han Dynasty people. In each tomb, there are several coffins, some are pottery coffins, some are stone coffins. The status of stone coffins is higher than that of pottery coffins. On the sarcophagus, there are also exquisite reliefs.

In the meantime, it can be said that the imagination, thinking for thousands of years, while feeling the great creativity of our ancestors, we can also enjoy the beauty of art.

Address: Jiangkou Town, Pengshan County, Sichuan Province

Longitude: 103.90594702111

Latitude: 30.216694742064

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Kou Ya Mu