Martyr's temple

Martyr's temple

In the classic "three heroes and five righteousness", Emperor Renzong's ancestral temple commemorates Kouzhu. When baiyutang was in Tokyo, he once wrote poems at the martyr's temple. During the period of the Republic of China, the three heroes and five virtues spread widely. Wherever there is a well, there must be three five books. Later, it was used by Jiang Gong as a memorial park for anti Japanese martyrs. It was widely built in various places for later generations to commemorate the martyrs. There are martyrs' temples all over China. Later, it gradually developed into scenic spots for later people to visit and visit.

The Nanyue loyal shrine is a large martyr cemetery commemorating the Anti Japanese war in Chinese mainland. It was built to commemorate the soldiers killed in the war of resistance against Japan. The temple is located at the foot of Hengshan censer peak, Nanyue, Hengyang City. It was built in 1938 and completed in 1943. It covers an area of more than 230 mu, of which the building area is 890 square meters. The building imitates the form of Nanjing Zhongshan Mausoleum. In terms of layout design, the memorial archway, the July 7th memorial tower, the memorial hall, the Anting campaign Monument and the five entrance hall are all located on the same central axis, which are connected by granite Avenue and steps. The total length is 320 meters, the width is 70 meters, the scale is grand, the structure is rigorous, and it is built close to the mountain, the front is low, the back is high, the stone walls are blue tiles, and the pines and cypresses are green.

There are 12 individual tombs of Zheng zuomin, sun Mingjin and Luo Qijiang, and 6 collective tombs of 54th army, 74th army and 53rd division of 16th army. In 1996, Nanyue Zhonglie temple was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council; in 2009, it was rated as a national patriotic education demonstration base; in 2011, it was listed as a national key red classic tourist attraction; in 2014, it was listed in the first batch of national anti Japanese War Memorial facilities and sites list; in 2016, it was listed as the first batch of Chinese 20th century architectural heritage.

Introduction to the martyr's temple

In ancient China, there were temples for loyal officials and martyrs The name of the temple was granted by the emperor. The martyr's temple originated from the ancestral temple of emperor Renzong in memory of Kou Zhu in the classic three heroes and five righteousness. When baiyutang was in Tokyo, the martyr's temple once wrote poems.

During the period of the Republic of China, the three heroes and five virtues spread widely. Wherever there is a well, there must be three or five books. Later, Chiang Kai Shek used them for reference and became a cemetery to commemorate the Anti Japanese martyrs. It was widely built all over the country in memory of the martyrs and sages.

Before the Anti Japanese war against Japan, the national government planned to set up Memorial temples to honor the martyrs. In 1936, the Military Commission of the national government announced "the whole case of the special measures for the continuation of the dead, disabled and injured revolutionary soldiers in previous battles", which formally put forward "the measures for setting up martyrs' temples in various counties".

In 1940, under the instruction of Jiang Zhongzheng, the national government announced "the outline of the measures for the sacrifice of martyrs and the establishment of memorial tablets" and "the measures for the establishment and preservation of martyrs' temples". The objects of worship include the martyrs who fought against the enemy since the revolution of 1911, such as the Northern Expedition and the suppression of the Red Army. However, according to the situation at that time, the main object was the sacrifice of the officials and the people in the Anti Japanese war.

structure

The hall of the martyrs has extended China's ancient wooden structure. The existing imperial shrine is mostly reconstructed from old Guan Yu Temple, Wuhou Temple and Town God's Temple.

source

Three Heroes and Five Gallants

Renzong's edict was to measure and compromise on the ground of Shoushan and Fuhai in Renshou palace. On the left side, the imperial edict was to build a feeding hall for Kougong people, which was called "Zhonglie Temple". On the right side, the imperial edict was to build Qinfeng and Yuzhong temples, which were called "Shuangyi Temple". When the work is finished, you can enjoy it.

According to the Empress Dowager's edict, Chen Lin was appointed as the capital hall, and fan Zonghua as chengxinlang. She changed the broken kiln into a temple, and granted a thousand taels of silver and ten hectares of fragrant land, so fan Zonghua was called the temple official, who was immortal in spring and autumn. The eunuch in charge of the martyr's temple knows that every new moon the holy one must bring incense, and he has already prepared for it. Shengshangpai drives to Zhonglie temple and comes to the inner hall. On the front is the image of Kou Chengyu, still dressed in palace makeup, but standing.

There are also four figures of attendants on both sides. The son of heaven prayed to Nianxiang silently. Although he did not bow down, his respect was sincere. When the incense is finished, look up at the golden statue. Only father-in-law Chen was there, and when he saw the statue's appearance, he burst into tears. I didn't dare to cry, so I quickly wiped it off.

However, the emperor had already seen it, so he refused to look at it. Instead, he looked up at the Buddha's banner. Looking back, he saw that the writing inside the Western gable was dripping. He said in his heart, "who is there to write here?" However, he stepped forward and looked up, but it was a five character quatrain poem, which said: "it's a pity that the king will die under the staff. His name is immortal, and he has won a fire of incense.

Zhonglie temple gate

This couplet was later pasted by Emperor Renzong on the gate of the martyrs' temple and became a couplet on the gate of the martyrs' temple.

Renzong's first couplet: Kukai, I heard that liezhijianzhen is actually the second couplet of shaoyutang in the world of Hanli: the blood staff marks the history of Qing Dynasty, and the loyalty and fearlessness is comparable to that of Hebi

Typical representative

In mainland China, there are Nanyue martyr's temple and Taipei Martyr's temple in Taiwan.

Nanyue martyr Temple

The Nanyue Hall of honour lies at the Heng Mountain, Hengyang, and is the largest martyr cemetery in Chinese mainland to commemorate the Anti Japanese soldiers.

In memory of the soldiers who died in the war of resistance against Japan. It was built in 1938 and completed in 1943, covering an area of more than 230 mu, of which the building area is 890 square meters. The building imitates the form of Nanjing Zhongshan Mausoleum. In terms of layout design, the memorial archway, the memorial tower, the memorial hall, the Anting campaign Monument and the hall are all located on the same central axis. They are connected by granite Avenue and steps. They are 320 meters in length and 70 meters in width. They are large-scale, rigorous in structure, built close to the mountain, low in front and high in back, stone walls, green tiles, and green pines and cypresses, which are particularly solemn

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Nanyue martyr's Shrine is the largest martyr's cemetery built by the national government in the mainland to commemorate the Anti Japanese soldiers

. There are 12 individual tombs of Zheng zuomin, sun Mingjin and Luo Qijiang, and 6 collective tombs of 53 divisions of 54, 74 and 16 armies. In 1996, Nanyue Zhonglie temple was announced as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council; in 2009, it was rated as a national patriotic education demonstration base; in 2011, it was listed as a national key red classic tourist attraction; in 2014, it was listed in the first batch of national anti Japanese War Memorial facilities and sites

In 2016, it was announced as the first batch of China's 20th century architectural heritage and national Martyrs Memorial facilities

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Martyr's temple has great historical status and significance. As a witness of the history of Anti Japanese War

With patriotic education and the spirit of martyrs as the link, the martyrs' Shrine connects the Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Strait and overseas, giving full play to the role of China's patriotism base, the historical witness of the anti fascist war in World War II and the national martyrs' memorial site.

Taipei Martyr's temple

Located in Nangang, Taipei City, the military cemetery was established in 1969 under the direction of the then Premier Jiang Jingguo. It is a memorial hall for military cemetery. In 2003, he became a martyr of the Qing army in the Sino French war.

Address: Fujiazhuang village, Xinfu District, Xinzhou City

Longitude: 112.70328521728

Latitude: 38.416286468506

Chinese PinYin : Zhong Lie Ci