Yingenmen

Yingenmen

Yingen gate (Korean: Pei 은문) is a archway of the ancient Korean Dynasty. It is located in Xiandi cave, Ximen District, Seoul special city, South Korea. It means "Gongying huangen". It is the place where the king of the Korean Dynasty personally welcomed the envoys of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Founded in 1407 (the seventh year of Emperor Taizong of Korea), it was demolished by the pro Japanese government of Korea in February 1895. The current address is the independent gate.

Start to build

Since its founding in 1392, the Korean Dynasty has been a vassal state of China's Ming Dynasty (after 1637, it was a vassal state of the Qing Dynasty). It strictly abides by the principle of vassal state and pursues the principle of doing great things. Therefore, it attaches great importance to the vassal state relationship with China. In 1407 (the seventh year of Emperor Taizong of Korea), the Korean Dynasty imitated the Korean Dynasty's "Welcome Hotel" in Kaijing (today's Kaicheng of Korea), and built the "Muhua tower" (renamed "Muhua Pavilion" after 1430) in the western suburb of the capital Seoul (today's Seoul of Korea), as a state guesthouse to welcome China's "angels". There are two mahogany pillars in front of the Muhua Pavilion, which are called "Yingzhao gate" or "Yanzhao gate" It is the subsidiary building of the Muhua Pavilion. This is the rudiment of Yingen gate.

extension

The form of "Yingzhao gate" was very simple, just a small red gate without a plaque, so it was decided to expand it during the reign of emperor Zhongzong in Korea. Originally, it was planned to build a Chinese style archway with three rooms and four columns, but it was rejected

Later, under the proposal of Jin An Lao, a powerful minister, it was changed into a two column archway, covered with green tiles, and the plaque of "Yingzhao gate" was hung in 1537 (the 32nd year of Zhongzong).

Two years later, in 1539 (the 34th year of Zhongzong), Xue tingchong, an envoy of the Ming Dynasty, came to Korea. He expressed his opinion on the name of "Yingzhao gate" and said, "there are imperial edicts, imperial edicts, and rewards to welcome, but it seems that the name of" Yingzhao "is biased." So he inscribed "yingenmen" as the new name of the school.

Later, yingenmen was destroyed during the Japanese rebellion in Renchen. After reconstruction, Zhu Zhifan, an envoy of the Ming Dynasty, re inscribed the plaque of "yingenmen" in 1606 (the 39th year of xuanzu's reign in Korea) and signed the "imperial envoy's letter to Zhu Zhifan in Jinling" on it. Since then, the gate has been in use for nearly 300 years.

ceremony

During the period of the Korean Dynasty, when the envoys of the Ming and Qing Dynasties came to Korea, the king of Korea had to go out of the city to meet the "angel" in person and hold a grand welcome ceremony, which is called "Jiao Ying Li". Yingenmen built a yellow curtain hall with color, and "set yellow house, Dragon Pavilion and incense Pavilion in the center of the curtain hall, and display gold drum, yellow guard of honor and drum music in front of it."

In the morning, the king of Korea wore the Dragon Robe of yishanguangung, led his clan and officials to yingenmen and bowed to the Chinese envoys. The envoys placed the imperial edicts issued by the emperor in the Dragon Pavilion. Then the king of Korea and the Chinese envoys went through yingenmen and went to the palace to hold a formal ceremony.

In 1881 (the 18th year of Emperor Gaozong of Korea), Empress Dowager Ci'an of the Qing Dynasty died. The Qing government sent the Minister of the Ministry of household to Korea to deliver an obituary. The king of Korea Li Xi (Emperor Gaozong of Korea) went to yingenmen in person.

This is also the last "suburban welcome ceremony" held in front of Yingen gate. In 1890, the Qing Dynasty sent envoys to worship rites and Xuchang to worship the empress Shenzhen of Korea. As a result, the second Imperial Envoys came to Korea by sea. Therefore, the location of Jiao Ying was temporarily changed to Jingji jiansi yamen outside dunyimen (West Gate). Since then, no Chinese envoys have been sent to Korea.

Demolish

When the Sino Japanese war broke out in 1894, Japan controlled Korea and supported the pro Japanese puppet government. On January 7, 1895, the Korean government promulgated the "Hongfan 14 articles" and officially declared that "it will cut off the attachment to the Qing state and consolidate the foundation of independence". Four days later, on the initiative of Pro Japanese Minister Park yongxiao, yingenmen was decided to be demolished.

At that time, some Korean ministers did not want to demolish the Yingen gate, saying that it could be kept as art works, so the matter was delayed again and again. After all, on February 5, 1895, the Korean police department officially started to demolish the Yingen gate. Because it was very strong, it was not demolished until 9, leaving only two plinths.

British Consul General in North Korea Shi Zaiming reported that:

"At the gate of the main road leading to Beijing, there is an ancient arch with a history of 300 years. It is a well-known building with gorgeous decoration, but it was recently demolished by park yongxiao. The king frowned at the vandalism of this poetic monument, which all his colleagues denounced as the ignorant act of vandalism, but all these objections were ignored. And then Pu yongxiao will destroy all the other monuments, that is, the historical traces recording China's status as the patriarch of the country. "

In November 1896, the Korean independent association began to build the "independent gate" on the original site of yingenmen. In 1963, the pillar foundation of yingenmen was designated as No. 33 historical site by the government of the Republic of Korea, and the plaque of "yingenmen" inscribed by Zhu Zhifan was kept in the National Palace Museum of Korea.

Address: Huancheng West Road, Yuecheng District, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, China

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Chinese PinYin : Ying En Men