Yingtianfu Academy

Yingtianfu Academy

Yingtianfu academy, also known as Yingtian academy, Suiyang academy, Nanjing Academy, Nandu academy and Nanjing Guozijian, is located on the South Lake of Shangqiu ancient city, Suiyang District, Shangqiu City, Henan Province. It is one of the four famous academies in ancient China. According to historical records, "the establishment of schools in prefectures began here.".

Yingtianfu academy, formerly known as Suiyang academy, was founded by Yang Ke of Shangqiu in the late five dynasties. In the second year of Dazhong Xiangfu in the Northern Song Dynasty (1009), song Zhenzong promoted Yingtian academy to Fu Xue, which was called "yingtianfu academy", and officially granted "yingtianfu academy".

In 1014, yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) was upgraded to Nanjing and became the capital of Song Dynasty. Yingtian academy is also known as "Nanjing Academy". In 1043, yingtianfu Academy was upgraded to "Nanjing Guozijian", becoming the highest institution of learning in the Northern Song Dynasty and the only academy upgraded to Guozijian in ancient China.

Most of the academies in the Northern Song Dynasty were set up in mountain resorts, but Tianfu academies were set up in the bustling city, and there were many talented people. With the participation of Yan Shu and Fan Zhongyan, yingtianfu academy gradually developed into the most influential Academy in the Northern Song Dynasty.

The main scenic spots in the academy are: Chongsheng hall, Dacheng hall, front lecture hall, college gate, imperial library, Zhuangyuan bridge, instructor's house, Minglun hall, gallery, etc.

Fan Zhongyan's "Nanjing Academy title" records: "the world's order, depending on this and prosperity.".

According to the annals of the nine dynasties, it is said that the Song Dynasty was prosperous, and the state capitals all over the world began to learn from it.

"In the early Song Dynasty, there were four academies in the world, led by Yingtian academy," according to Zhao Mengxun's Yixue Ji

On April 29, 1998, the State Post Office held the first issuing ceremony of "four academies" stamps in Shangqiu.

On March 13, 2015, Yingtian Academy was listed as "Henan Social Science Popularization base".

Historical changes

Five Dynasties and later Jin Dynasty

The history of yingtianfu academy can be traced back to the Late Jin Dynasty (936-947). After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, Chinese history entered the period of "Five Dynasties and ten states" split, the official school was destroyed, the order of the school was lost, and a number of private academies began to appear in the Central Plains. At that time, Yang Ke, a Shangqiu native, was willing to educate. With the help of Zhao Zhi, a general of the guide army, he founded the Suiyang school and gathered people to give lectures. After Yang's death, his student Qi Tongwen inherited his teaching career and continued to run the school. He cultivated such famous figures as zongdu, Xu Xiang, Chen Xiangyu, Gao Xiangxian, Guo Chengfan and Wang Li, who later became important officials of the Taiwan Pavilion. Suiyang school gradually formed an academic and cultural exchange and education center, but after Qi Tongwen died, the school was once closed.

Song and Yuan Dynasties

In the second year of Jingde (1005 AD), Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty promoted Songzhou (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), the place of Longxing in the Song Dynasty, to be called yingtianfu because Zhao Kuangyin, the Taizu of the Song Dynasty, honored him as "Yingtian Guangyun Rensheng Wenwu Zhide emperor".

In 1009 A.D., Cao Cheng, a rich man from the city, invested 3 million yuan in the old school of Qi Tongwen, built 150 houses, collected more than 1500 volumes of books, and recruited students. In the next year, he hired Qi Shunbin, the grandson of Qi Tongwen, as the main college, and established the college with Cao Cheng as the assistant. The emperor Zhenzong sighed that he could play in front of him and issued an imperial edict to commend him. The scholar of Duanming palace was highly praised by Wen Qiji. Chen yaozuo, a former political counsellor, named Ying Tianfu Academy. Ying Tianfu Academy was changed into a government academy, and the government allocated ten hectares of school land for school funds.

Song Huiyao contains the imperial edict on February 24, 1009. Since then, Yingtian academy has gained the official status. The Academy was officially recognized as an early official Academy in Song Dynasty. Yingtianfu academy and wenxuanwang temple in Qufu were established earlier, and people in Song Dynasty had the record of "learning from prefectures".

The basic courses of the college are the classics of Confucianism, Taoism and Mohism, such as "poetry", "Shu", "Li", "Yi", "Le" and "Mozi", "Daodejing" and "Chunqiu", etc.

In 1014, yingtianfu was upgraded to Nanjing, one of the three capitals in Song Dynasty. Shangqiu is close to bianshui with convenient transportation and business travel. Since Sui and Tang Dynasties, it has developed into a metropolis. Yingtianfu Academy in Song Dynasty was set up in the bustling city of Shangqiu. At that time, it was said that "the establishment of schools in prefectures and counties began here", and schools all over the world "prospered from it". At that time, Yingtian Academy was also known as "Nanjing Academy".

In the fourth year of Tiansheng (A.D. 1026), Fan Zhongyan was appointed by the magistrate Yan Shu to preside over Yingtian academy because he lost his mother and was in charge of Shangqiu.

In the fifth year of Tiansheng (A.D. 1027), Wang Yaochen, a student of yingtianfu academy, and Zhao Xiang won the first prize and Tanhua respectively. Fan Zhongyan inherited Qi Tongwen's ambition of "the world is the same as the literature", took "the world as his own responsibility", and cultivated a large number of talents for the Northern Song Dynasty with the broad mind of "I swallow nine rivers, I respect a hundred valleys", "I decide on floating clouds, I cut good jade", such as Wang Yaochen, Zhao Yi, Zhang Fangping, Fu Bi, Sun Fu, Shi Jie, etc. It is recorded in history that "the song people who have a voice in literature are mostly taught by them.". As a result, "the order of the world depends on this.".

At the end of the sixth year of Tiansheng (A.D. 1028), Fan Zhongyan also taught two courses of Yiwen and Yijing when he was in charge of Yingtian Academy. Fan Zhongyan has left many posthumous articles here, such as the book of governance, the title of Nanjing Academy, the memorial of Wang Zhu's lecture in Nanjing, the name of Zhu congdao, a student of Nanjing government, and the preface to Tang Yi's poems. At that time, the college students' Union enrolled in various subjects according to their different specialties. The course advocated learning for practical use, and advocated on-the-spot investigation, that is, the so-called "understanding of the physical and achieving the practical". Fan Zhongyan said: "the world is in danger and there is no one like this. How can we save it? In teaching, we should use our economic career and help our talents. " Under the general requirement of "economic talents", it is necessary to cultivate professional talents. He advocated that the selection of talents should have both ability and political integrity, and pay attention to morality first. Fan Zhongyan "spent his days in government schools, reading books and doing business, exhorting the disciples, teaching arts and literature, and not going out of the house.". In Chang suxue, the scholars in charge of training and supervision all have their own rules. They are diligent, respectful, and take the body first.

In 1043 A.D., Fan Zhongyan participated in the "Qingli New Deal" and was promoted to Nanjing Guozijian academy by Tianshu Academy. He was the highest Academy in the Northern Song Dynasty, along with Guozijian Academy in Tokyo (now Kaifeng) and Xijing (now Luoyang). Fan Zhongyan put forward ten reform propositions, such as "paying tribute and selecting officials". To reform the education system at that time, Tianfu should first implement the reform, changing the superficial style of study that advocated Ci Fu at that time, focusing on classics and righteousness, current affairs and reality.

In 1069 A.D., Wang Anshi reformed the school system by implementing the "three sheds" method.

In the second year of Jingkang (1127 AD), the change of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty led the Jin people to the south. Zhao built yingtianfu in the Southern Song Dynasty and soon moved to Lin'an (today's Hangzhou). During the reign of emperor qinzong of the Song Dynasty, the Academy was destroyed and abandoned for nearly 250 years. Since then, yingtianshu academy has been built and abandoned, and its name has been changed. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, guide school and Confucian temple were built, which greatly reduced the scale.

Ming Dynasty

In the 15th year of Hongzhi (1502 AD) of Ming Dynasty, the Yellow river overflowed and the city of guidefu silted up underground (now the outer Lake area of the South Gate of Shangqiu ancient city), and Yingtian Academy was also buried (now the South Lake of Shangqiu ancient city).

In the sixth year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty (1511 AD), Yang Tai, the governor of Zhizhou, built a new city in the north of the old city. In the same year, Zhou Mian, the governor of the state, continued to build and completed the project. Guide mansion was moved to the new town (now Shangqiu ancient city), and Yingtian Academy was also moved to the city (now in the area of the former site of guide mansion school and Confucian temple in the north of Erjie road in Shandong). There are Minglun hall, Dacheng hall, yueyachi and other buildings. There are tablets of Confucius and his disciples in Dacheng hall, which is the place for offering sacrifices to Confucius; Minglun hall is the school, which is the place for students to take exams.

In the tenth year of Jiajing reign of Ming Dynasty (1531 AD), Cai Yin, the imperial censor of Ming Dynasty, rebuilt the social school in the northwest corner of Shangqiu City, using the old name of "Yingtian academy".

In the seventh year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1579 AD), the prime minister Zhang Juzheng ordered to demolish all the academies in the world. Yingtian academy failed to escape this disaster.

In the 29th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1601 AD), Zheng sanjun, the governor of guide, built and rebuilt the "fan Wenzheng public lecture hall" in the east of the school of guide. He imitated the spirit of Fan Zhongyan and taught by himself. At that time, he cultivated many outstanding talents, such as Hou Xun, the official Minister of the Ministry of household affairs, Hou Ke, the Minister of the Imperial Academy of Nanjing, ye Tinggui, the Minister of the Ministry of war, and practiced state affairs. They have Fan Zhongyan's spirit of uprightness, ambition and integrity. "Fan Wenzheng academy" is also known as "Wenzheng academy". Fan Zhongyan was in charge of Tianfu school, so he was named fan Wenzheng public lecture hall to commemorate his contribution in teaching and educating scholars. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, Suiyang didn't live in the Yellow River, and the city moved to the north.

Qing Dynasty and modern times

In 1651, Hou Fangyu wrote the inscription of rebuilding Academy. In the 15th year of Shunzhi, Fu Yingqi rebuilt the lecture hall and collected scholars to teach.

In the 15th year of Shunzhi (1658 AD), Fu Yingqi rebuilt the lecture hall and collected scholars to teach.

In the 13th year of Kangxi (1674 AD), min Ziqi, the magistrate, built an academy and invited a famous teacher to teach him

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