xijiang miao village

Xijiang is located in the southeast of Kaili, and turns northeast from Leishan intersection. It is the largest Miao village around Kaili, with more than 1000 families, so it is called Qianhu Miao village. Xijiang Qianhu Miao village is connected by more than ten natural villages built close to the mountains. It is the largest Miao village in China and even in the world, inhabiting the "West" clan Miao. The upper part of the hillside is stacked with wooden stilted buildings of Miao family. The old houses in brown color are in accordance with the green mountains. Baishui River divides the stockade into two parts. On one side of the river (for tourists, the left side after entering the gate) is mainly a commercial pedestrian street, and on the other side of the river (for tourists, the right hand side after entering the gate) is mainly a viewing platform overlooking the stockade. The Miao village in Xijiang is built on the mountain, layer upon layer. You can see the panoramic view from the viewing platform, which is very shocking.

xijiang miao village

Xijiang Qianhu Miao village is a place to preserve the cultural integrity of Miao people's "original ecology". It is connected by more than 10 natural villages built on the mountain. It is the largest Miao village in China and even in the world. It is a place to appreciate and understand the long history and development of Miao Nationality in China. Xijiang's Miao New Year Festival, Chixin Festival and guzang Festival are famous all over the world. Xijiang's Qianhu Miao village is an open-air museum, displaying an epic of the development of the Miao nationality. It has become a grandstand for viewing and studying the traditional culture of the Miao nationality. Xijiang has a well-known silversmith village. The Miao silver ornaments are all handmade, with a high level of craftsmanship.

In December 2017, Xijiang Miao Village won the honor of top 300 influential villages in 2017. In February 2020, from the end of the epidemic to December 31, 2020, the scenic spot will provide free services to medical workers all over the country.

Historical evolution

More than 5000 years ago, the Jiuli tribe living in the plain area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River was expanding to the north, and there was a fierce armed conflict with the Yandi and Huangdi tribes moving eastward and southward. After a long period of war, the Jiuli tribe headed by Chiyou was defeated in Zhuolu area, and Chiyou was captured and killed by Huangdi. Most of the Miao ancestors were forced to start the first great migration, abandoned the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and returned to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Plain, and established the "three Miao states" on the shore of Dongting Lake and Poyang Lake. With the growing strength of the Sanmiao tribe, Yao and Shun carried out many campaigns against the "Sanmiao". Emperor Shun's position of "hunting in the South" further attacked the "three Miao" who did not obey Emperor Shun's control, and the Miao ancestors were forced to migrate to the southwest and northwest again. Some of the Miao ancestors who were forced to migrate to the northwest merged into the "Qiang people" and became the ancestors of the Western Qiang people. Some of them migrated to the plains due to the increase of population and the lack of arable land, from Qinghai to the south of Sichuan In eastern Yunnan and Western Guizhou, some go further south and west to Laos and Vietnam. The Miao ancestors who migrated to the southwest lived in harmony with the Chu people and became the main members of the later "Chu man".

During the Warring States period, when the Qin Dynasty destroyed Chu, a part of the Miao people left their hometown and moved westward to Wuxi in Wuling mountain area, forming the famous "Wuling man" in history.

During the Western Han Dynasty, this part of the Miao ancestors developed rapidly here, forming a force to compete with the Han Dynasty.

In 47 A.D., the Han Dynasty sent troops to fight against "Wuling barbarians", forcing the Miao people to leave their hometown again. Some of them entered northeastern Guizhou (now Tongren), some of them went south to Rongshui, Guangxi, and then went up to today's Rongjiang, Leishan, Taijiang, Shibing, etc. The Miao nationality has divided into many different branches during several migrations. Among them, Liu clan, Xi clan, you clan and Gou clan arrived in Rongjiang, Guizhou Province almost at the same time. Because Xi clan traveled in many places in Rongjiang, they arrived in Xijiang later than Liu clan. The west clan arrived in Xijiang about 600 years ago, but before the west clan arrived, the Miao "reward" clan had already lived here. "Xi" in the place name of Xijiang refers to the Xi clan, and "Jiang" connects with "dou", that is, Xijiang is the place where the "Xi" clan asks the "Shang" clan for money. After the "Xi" clan arrived and settled in Xijiang, other branches of the Miao nationality moved in one after another, forming a Miao fusion with the "Xi" clan as the main body. It is said that Xijiang has a history of more than one thousand years. There is a close relationship between Xijiang Miao and Chiyou. According to the genealogy of the father and son of Miao people in Xijiang recorded in linyinji, there are 284 generations from Chiyou to 1732, which shows that the Miao people living in Xijiang are the direct descendants of Chiyou.

In the spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, Leishan belonged to the border between the state of Yao and the state of qielang; in the Warring States period, Leishan belonged to dayelang; in the Qin Dynasty, Leishan belonged to Xiangjun and the border between Qielan and Wulian; in the Western Han Dynasty, Leishan belonged to Wulian; in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Leishan belonged to Wulian; in the Three Kingdoms, Leishan belonged to the border under the jurisdiction of the state of Shu; in the Wei and Jin Dynasties, Leishan belonged to Binhua; in the Tang Dynasty, it belonged to luogong; in the Five Dynasties to the Song Dynasty, it belonged to jimianzhou In the middle of Yuan Dynasty, it belonged to xuanweisi of Bozhou in Huguang Province, and in Ming Dynasty, it belonged to Miao nationality area outside Guanzhou.

During the Qianlong reign of the Qing Dynasty, in order to manage the Miao territory, the Qing government implemented household registration for the Miao people, forcibly abolished the tradition of Miao people's son even father's name, and used the homophonic Miao name to determine the Han surname. The surnames of Jiang, Tang, Hou, Yang, Dong, song, Gu, long, Lu, Li, Liang, Mao, Chen, Jin and Wu of the Miao people in Xijiang came from this. From the Qin and Han Dynasties to the yuan, Ming and early Qing Dynasties, although the establishment of the court in Leigong Mountain area was involved, the county system and Jimi Prefecture had very weak rule over this area, and even had no direct governance. In history, it was often called "wild land", "Shengmiao", "Shengjie" and so on.

In 1729, Zhang Guangsi, the governor of Guizhou Province, opened up the Miao area and set up "six halls of Xinjiang" to set up Danjiang hall, which is under the jurisdiction of Danjiang Wei and Kaili Wei. Xijiang belongs to Danjiang Wei.

In the third year of Qianlong (1738), danjiangwei set up sub chieftains, including huangmaoling chieftain, jijiangsi and wudiesi. Jijiangsi was located in Yingshang village near the southwest of Xijiang River. From then on, Xijiang River was included in the governance of Central Plains.

In 1914, Danjiang was changed into a county, and Xijiang was under its jurisdiction.

In 1944, a bureau was set up in Leishan, and Xijiang returned to Leishan and became Xijiang town.

In 1945, Danjiang county was withdrawn and Xijiang county was transferred to Taijiang county.

In 1950, Leishan County People's government was established, Xijiang belongs to the second district office.

In 1954, the Miao Autonomous Region of Leishan county was established. Xijiang Qianhu Miao village is located in Xijiang district. In 1959, Leishan, Lushan, Danzhai and Majiang were merged into Kaili county. Xijiang belongs to Leishan District of Kaili county.

In 1961, Leishan county was restored and 44 communes were built in four districts of Danjiang, Xijiang, Datang and Yongle. Qianhu Miao Village belonged to Xijiang town of Xijiang district at that time. In 1992, after withdrawing the district and merging the township, Qianhu Miao village has been under the jurisdiction of Xijiang town.

geographical environment

geographical position

Xijiang Qianhu Miao village, located at the foot of Leigong Mountain in the northeast of Leishan County, Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou Province, is 36 kilometers away from the county seat, 35 kilometers away from Kaili, the capital of Qiandongnan Prefecture, and about 200 kilometers away from Guiyang, the provincial capital. It is the largest Miao village in China and even in the world.

topographic features

The terrain of Xijiang Qianhu Miao village is a typical river valley. The clear Baishui River passes through the village. The main body of Miao village is located on the slope of the river valley on the northeast side of the river. For thousands of years, the Miao people in Xijiang have cultivated here at sunrise and rest at sunset. They have opened up large terraces in the upper reaches of the Miao village, forming farming culture and pastoral scenery.

Geography and climate

Xijiang Qianhu Miao village has a subtropical humid mountain monsoon climate, with annual precipitation of 1300-1500 mm and annual average temperature of 14-16 ℃. It is cool and pleasant without severe cold in winter and heat in summer.

natural resources

The length of Qianhu Miao village in Xijiang River is 16.8km, the drainage area is 65.39km2, the average gradient is 45.7%, the maximum flood flow is 455m3 / s, the minimum flow is 0.25m3/s, and the annual average flow is 1.84m3/s. Proven ore occurrences: Kaijue and Baishuihe silicalite, one each, mainly containing arsenic, lead, zinc, etc. Kaijue mine can be mined for more than 50 years. Other natural resources include forest resources and water resources, with the forest coverage rate of 85.15%. Most of them are Chinese fir, pine, Liquidambar formosana, chestnut, Qinggang, camphor, chazishu, YINGSHANHONG, etc. There are several hundred kinds of trees and herbs, fruit trees, tea trees, etc.

Scenic spot landscape

Stilted building

The Miao architecture in Xijiang Qianhu Miao village is mainly composed of wooden stilts, which is a structure of crossing bucket and resting on the top of the mountain. It can be divided into two types: flat stilted building and slope stilted building. Generally, it is a three story structure with four buildings and three rooms or five buildings and four rooms. The bottom layer is used to store production tools, keep poultry and livestock, store fertilizer or use as toilet. The second floor is used as the living room, the main room, the bedroom and the kitchen. Outside the main room, there is a unique "beauty rely", which is called "step rest" in Miao language. It is mainly used for enjoying the cool, embroidery and rest, which is a major feature of Miao architecture. The third layer is mainly used to store grain, feed and other production and living materials.

Xijiang Miao people's stilted building originated from the southern Ganlan style building of ancient residents. It uses the combination of rectangle, triangle, diamond and other multiple structures to form three types of stilted building

Chinese PinYin : Xi Jiang Qian Hu Miao Zhai