Yingang College

Yingang College

Yingang academy is the only ancient academy preserved in Northeast China. It is one of the five famous academies in Qing Dynasty and the first Academy in Northeast China. It plays an important role in the history of Northeast Education. It is "the first city education", training a large number of talents. Premier Zhou Enlai went to primary school in Yingang college. Yingang academy is now a key cultural relic protection unit in Liaoning Province. The memorial hall of Zhou Enlai's youth study site is listed as the patriotic education base in Liaoning Province. In 2013, the State Council announced Yingang academy as the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units.

Brief introduction to the Academy

Located to the right of the South Gate of Tieling ancient city in the past and in today's prosperous Yingang community, Yingang academy is a simple and quiet garden style building complex of Qing Dynasty. Yingang Academy was founded in 1658. Its founder was Hao Yu, who lived in Tieling in Qing Dynasty. Today's Silver Garden, with rockery corridors, waterside pavilions, arch bridges, lotus ponds, fish and flowers, is elegant and quiet, just like a natural garden.

Yingang academy is the only academy preserved in Northeast China, which has become the base of patriotism education and revolutionary tradition education.

Historical evolution

After being pardoned, Hao Yu, his good friend Han Ke and others fled to his good friend Zuo Maotai and moved to Tieling in the 15th year of Shunzhi. At that time, Tieling City was full of rubble and Artemisia. Except for the officers and soldiers who managed the exiles, there were no residents. Zuo Maotai and his friends lived at the foot of Longshou mountain outside the city. Hao Yu selected a geomantic omen place in "the right of the South Gate" and became the first resident to live in Tieling City after Nurhachi captured Tieling City. Hao Yu wrote to himself: "in May of 1898, he went down to the mountain. He lived on the right side of the south gate, about 10 mu. There were three study rooms in the middle. There were gardens in front of him to grow vegetables, gardens to grow flowers, and my bedroom on the left. In the area of the right wall, all my friends live in houses.

Hao Dafang, Hao Yu's father, was very happy to learn that his son had been pardoned and settled down in Tieling. He raised money and sent someone to help him build the house. Since then, Hao Yu, with his profound knowledge, set up a school account at home, taught Confucian classics, trained students and popularized culture, which gave Tieling culture new vitality. Hao Yu lectured here for 18 years. In 1675, he returned to the imperial court and lived in the Academy, which was named "Yingang academy". After several times of construction, it has a considerable scale. By the time Premier Zhou entered the school in 1910, there were more than 70 school buildings. The whole building complex is quiet and elegant with rich ancient charm. Today's Yingang academy covers an area of 8800 square meters, which is equivalent to "ten Mu" when it was first built. And there is no big change in the layout. There are three courtyards arranged from east to west. In the middle is Hao Yu's original house, in the East is Yin yuan, and in the west is Zhou Enlai's memorial hall. From a distance, over the tile green wall, the ancient building's roof looms between the green swaying branches and leaves, and there is a trace of mystery in the simple and quiet.

Yingang academy has cultivated a large number of talented students, and has become the gathering place and cultural center of scholars in Tieling, which has an important impact on the development of culture and art in Tieling, Liaoning and even northeast China. During the reign of Kangxi, Tu Yi, who once served as Tianfu Yin and Fengtian Fu Yin, traveled all over the country. When he came to Tieling to learn about the current situation and history of Yingang academy, he was greatly moved. He ranked Yingang Academy with Songyang Academy in Henan, Yuelu Academy in Hunan, shigu Academy in Jiangxi and Bailudong Academy in Jiangxi as the five major academies in the country, and wrote a memorial. "There are many academies in the world, but Songyang, Bailu, Yuelu and shigu are well-known," he wrote in the inscription of rebuilding Yingang Academy. It's like the high Pavilion and the long corridor of zhoujian are everywhere! It's also called "the college". "The schist of zitiling is the same as the four academies of Songyang, Bailu, Yuelu and shigu. It's also the responsibility of promoting education and keeping the soil. It is also a matter of commending the former philosophers and the latter scholars. "He thinks that Hao Yu:" learning to explore Li grottoes, he is a brilliant scholar, Yue HUAIFANG, indomitable, and his achievements are obvious. ". He regarded Hao Yu and the founder of the four courtyards as great figures.

Layout of Academies

Stroll to Guangliang gate, the main gate of the Academy. The two breast nail inlaid red lacquer gates stand on the doorpillow stone. The stone steps and the stone of Shangma are rugged, showing the vicissitudes of life and simplicity. Located opposite the main entrance of the Academy, there stands a shadow wall with polished bricks and mortar joints. It is nearly four meters high and twelve meters wide. The middle forehead is six meters wide. There is a square column roof on the top and a xumizuo on the bottom. There are four gold characters of "Yingang Academy" in plain relief. There are rooms on both sides of the gate, and then to the outside, there are East and west corner doors. Walking into the front door, I came to Hao Yu's house. This is a typical North quadrangle courtyard. The main room of the upper house is the Wenchang palace. Documents and historical relics about the historical evolution of Yingang academy are now on display. In front of the gate are two stone tablets carved in the 16th year of Guangxu. On the east side of the tablet is "the records of the Yingang academy donating funds to build and repair the zhaifang", and on the Yin side of the tablet is "the books added by the academy". This is a rare ancient stone book catalog in China, which has been recorded in the history of the National Library of China. It is really a rare treasure. On the west side is the inscription on the assets of Yingang Academy.

There are three rooms in the East and three in the West. The east side was called dongzhaifang in the Academy period. It used to be the office of the head of the Academy, and later was the Academy. In 1910, when Zhou Enlai was studying in the Academy, he studied ancient Chinese prose and calligraphy here. Now it is still restored according to the original appearance of that year. There are two desks on the north and South Kang, and a pair of ancient bookcases are placed on the east wall. The wooden core board of the cupboard door is engraved with couplets: "in the morning, I will go to the lecture hall to sing Yao and Shun, and a thousand mountains will fall down on the Silver Ridge", "Wang Mojie, the painter of poetry, and the author of the book on board". In addition, there are a group of eight immortals tables and Tai Shi chairs in the room, which are seats for teachers to teach.

The West Wing room is now the library of the academy and also the office. He collected thousands of books and classics donated and newly added by Hao Yu and later local gentry officials. There are 240 letters in the collection of ancient and modern books.

Between the main room and the East and West chambers are the East and West yuemen, which are connected to the two courtyards and the East and West courtyards. Hao Gong's ancestral hall, located in the north of Wenchang palace, is three rooms wide. In front of the house, there is a plaque inscribed with Hao Yu's cursive script "Zhizhi Gewu hall". This is the place where Hao Yu used to give lectures. On July 15, 1683, the 22nd year of Kangxi reign, Hao Yu died of illness and took office in Guilin. When the bad news came to Tieling, all the scholars and students in Yingang were grieved for it, so they turned the "Hall of learning and studying things" into the "Hall of Hao Gong", and set up its spirit throne to worship all the year round.

"Zhi Zhi Ge Wu" is Hao Yu's motto and his school running purpose, which embodies the materialist thought of "practice and practice". Dong Guoxiang, who succeeded Hao Yu in running the school, explained to the students, "a wise man is the soul of his heart. To those who push, to the extreme, in order to cover also The world, the country, the body, the mind and the mind are all things, and the integrity and even the peace are all things This is the so-called: to know good and evil is conscience, to do good and to get rid of evil is to seek things ". He taught the students to become the pillars of both character and learning: "all scholars should study here, do not be despicable. They should be loyal, filial, fraternal and good friends. It's a matter of practice to cultivate integrity and integrity, that is to say, to govern the country and level the world, and to have something to do with nothing. What's the reason why Mr. Shu Wuqi is famous! "

At present, the "Zhizhi Gewu hall" displays the history of Hao Yu's school running and life story, as well as the story of Hao Yu's second son, Yin Haolin, a former Fengtian mansion, and Jiao Xianyou, a Tieling county magistrate who has made outstanding contributions to the restoration of the Academy, as well as their inscriptions for Yingang Academy. There are also two monuments on display in the 55th year of Kangxi reign and the 59th year of Qianlong reign. Inside the door, there is a pair of wooden couplets: "in the morning, I ascend the podium to sing the song of Yao and Shun, and a thousand mountains fall down on the Silver Ridge" is a poem in Mr. Hao Yu's journey to the Silver Ridge.

In front of the hall gate, there are two stone tablets. In the west, there are the record of Ba Yin Gang academy written by Hao Yu himself in the 14th year of Kangxi and the inscription on the wall of Yin Gang academy written by Jiao Xianyou, the county magistrate of Tieling in the 52nd year of Kangxi. In the East, there are two stone tablets.

Today, the West courtyard of the academy is the memorial of the former site of Zhou Enlai's youth study. The pavilion was inscribed by Li Peng, then Premier of the State Council. On the south side of the courtyard, there are twelve rooms lined up. The seventh in the East is the gate, which is the entrance of the memorial hall, the eighth is the mail room, and the rest is the exhibition room. The six rooms on the east side are the exhibition room of new starting point of life, which displays Zhou Enlai's study and life in Tieling in 1910, as well as relevant cultural relics and historical materials. On the west side, the second hometown shows all the historical materials and cultural relics of Premier Zhou's visit to Tieling, his second hometown in 1962, which truly reproduces the deep love between Premier Zhou and the people of Tieling. There are 8 wing rooms on the west side of the courtyard, which is the performance exhibition of Zhou Enlai, a great historical man, and introduces the glorious life of a great man. 340 photos, 127 objects and 4 groups of sculptures are displayed in the hall, as well as audio-visual equipment, which increases the authenticity and appeal. There are eight rooms in the north of the courtyard, including the reading room of Zhou Enlai in 1910, exhibition room, reception room and office. On the east side of the courtyard, there is a stone tablet "restoration of Yingang academy". In the center of the Academy, there is a white granite statue of Zhou Enlai, which was set up by the Communist magazine of Liaoning provincial Party committee in 1998 and produced by sun Jiabin of Lu Xun Academy of fine arts. Every time people come here, they always take pictures with the statue of the prime minister.

Today's east courtyard is an antique garden building called silver garden. The vertical flower gate here is the exit of the memorial hall. The door is of wooden structure. The top of the door is covered with green tiles. There are two inverted wooden columns under the eaves. The end of the door is decorated with lotus, so it is called the vertical flower gate. Inside the door, there is a 3.5-meter-high, 8.5-meter-wide blue brick carved eaves shadow wall. In the middle is a 1.5-meter-wide, 6.5-meter-long white marble. The front is engraved with two big characters "Yinyuan" and the back is engraved with the famous calligrapher Su Pingshu

Chinese PinYin : Yin Gang Shu Yuan