Shule Nanshan

The southern part of Shule mountain is the western part of Qilian Mountains, which is located in the south of Shule River and crosses Gansu and Qinghai provinces. The highest peak is gangzewujie, 5808 meters above sea level. The western part of South Shule mountain is located in Gansu Province, which is called South YEMA mountain, and the rest is located in Qinghai Province.

Shule Nanshan

South Shule mountain is located in the south of Shule River and the north of Dang River and Hala lake. In Qinghai Province, it starts from the source of Datong River in the East and extends westward to Qinghai near yaoletegou, a tributary of Danghe river. In Qinghai Province, it stretches for 350 km and is 30-50 km wide. The mountain peaks are generally 4500-5500 m above sea level. The western section of Shule Nanshan is called YEMA Nanshan in Gansu Province, and the middle and eastern sections are in Qinghai Province. The highest part of the middle section is also the highest part of the Qilian Mountains uplift. The mountains above 5000 meters are widely distributed. There are three peaks above 5500 meters. The highest peak is gangze, once known as Tuanjie peak, with an altitude of 5808 meters. The eastern section is called shaguolinnamujimuling. Modern glaciers are well developed in the middle and eastern sections, and there are eight large snow mountains.

summary

The Qilian Mountains are the highest. In Hala, Hubei Province, Gansu Province and Qinghai Province. It starts from bengkungou in the west, ends at Suli floodplain in the East, borders Shule River Valley in the north and Hala Lake in the south. It is 125 kilometers long from east to west and 30 kilometers wide from north to south. Because it lives in the south of the upper valley of Shule River, it is named. Also known as Su RI Tai, Mongolian means steep terrain, many miasma of the mountain.

It belongs to the Precambrian crystalline schist belt in the middle Qilian Mountains and is composed of Sinian siliceous limestone, dolomitic limestone, sandstone and slate. It is a nearly East-West arc mountain protruding to the south. The general elevation is 5000-5300m, and the main peak zaiwejele (tuanjiefeng) is 5808m, which is the uplift center of the whole Qilian Mountains since Quaternary. Other peaks are bengkundaban mountain (4996m), gabamozha day Geng (4886m), mantan day Geng (5020m), etc., which are watersheds of Shule River, Dang River, Buha River and Hala lake. The height difference between Shule River Valley and Hala lake is 1800 meters and 1600 meters respectively. It belongs to the Plateau semi-arid climate zone. There are 494 modern glaciers with an area of 557.5 square kilometers and a glacier reserve of 32.9 cubic kilometers. On the north slope, the grain snow line is 4862 meters above sea level. There are many glaciers, and the ice tongue is 4 800-5 000 meters high. The ancient moraines are distributed on the North Bank of Hala lake. There are many ice lakes. More than 5000 meters above sea level, there are many glacial landforms, such as glacial troughs, ice scuttles, horn peaks, edge ridges, and so on. The valley is alpine meadow grassland, which is a summer pasture. There are wild animals such as bison, wild horse, argali, Qingyang and bear.

Main peak

Tuanjie peak, 5937 meters above sea level, is located in the north of Hala lake, Tianjun County, Haixi Autonomous Prefecture, Qinghai Province. The peak is located in the southeast section of the South Shule mountain on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau. It is the highest peak of the Qilian Mountains and also the highest peak of the South Shule mountain. Local people call it zaiwejiele or gangzewujie. The peak is located in the southeast part of South Shule mountain, 38 ° 30 ′ N and 97 ° 43 ′ e, which is the highest point of the watershed between the upper Shule River Valley and halahau basin. The surface is widely covered by ice and snow, and the snow line is more than 4400 meters high, with a large area of modern glaciers.

Tuanjie peak is located in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau and the hinterland of Qilian Mountain. It is 500 kilometers northwest of Xining city and 300 kilometers northeast of Golmud City in Qinghai Province. There are many snow mountains and glaciers around the main peak, covering an area of 89 square kilometers, with glacier reserves of about 5 billion cubic meters, annual glacier melt water of 65 million cubic meters and annual precipitation of more than 200 mm. The whole high mountain area of Qilian mountain can not be used by human beings except for the place where there is a small amount of water grass in the valley, which can be used by summer nomads for a short time.

On the south side of the main peak is Hala lake, the second largest lake in Qinghai. It is also a little-known saline lake in the hinterland of Qilian Mountains. The lake covers an area of 593 square kilometers, with an altitude of 4077 meters. Hala lake is a large saline lake in the inland basin of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The lake is supplied by many small rivers which originate from the surrounding mountains with a peak of 5600 meters. Most of the rivers originate from alpine glaciers and are mainly supplied by glacier melt water. There are 16 major rivers, the largest of which is the okutur ulangole river. The main vegetation in Hala lake is plateau meadow vegetation of Achnatherum splendens, Artemisia ordosica, Stipa altaica, Agropyron cristatum, Salsola woodiana, and Sagittaria angustifolia. It is an important breeding ground for wetland birds such as geese and ducks, Snipes and gulls. There are large populations of yellow croaker in the lake. Large animals include antelope, wild donkey, brown bear, etc.

Climbing history: Tuanjie peak at an altitude of 5937 meters (currently there are folk data at an altitude of 5826, the real altitude needs to be measured!) Although it is the highest peak of Qilian Mountains on the border of Gansu and Qinghai provinces, it is difficult to climb because of the long route to the mountains and the difficulty of logistics supply.

Beautiful ice peak

After the so-called wildlife park, which is rich in traditional Chinese medicine, "Mantang" (the original meaning of Medicine), you can see that each has its own unique appearance, each has its own wonderful color of the mountain, rugged overlapping peaks, some inserted into the clouds, some meandering. Ganger snow white, gabamar day gangdan red, sulfur mountain light yellow, Mantang rigen indigo

On the side of the hill, Wuji mountain is green. They are colorful. Due to the effects of wind, rain and sunshine, some of them are like a girl's Tibetan clothes, with red, yellow, green and purple ribbons around the waist, which are extremely graceful. Some of them are like a mountain road, paved with gravel of the same color, which is mysterious. There are 438 Quaternary glaciers with a total area of 496.42 square kilometers and a total reserve of nearly 30 cubic kilometers. It's a huge solid reservoir. From northwest to Southeast, it covers all the peaks and canyons, with towering horny peaks and knife ridges The front ice tongue stretches and shrinks with the heat of the season; the moraine extends and shrinks with the temperature; the mountain ice cap crisscrosses with the ups and downs of the mountain, and the silver light is dazzling; the large ice forest, with the movement of the glacier, varies in height and shape, and the chair shaped concave ice scuttles, and the East and West are more beautiful There are differences, U-shaped glacial trough valley, North and South are distributed. When it snows, the sky and the earth are indistinguishable. When the wind blows, the sound is loud and clear. The sky is bright and quiet. It's so changeable and mysterious.

In autumn, when you look at the magnificent and winding glacier, you can see that the ice crystal formed by water vapor cloud and mist is enchanting in the morning. The floating tiny things are needle like ice crystals, forming a strange weather phenomenon, which twinkles in the sunlight. The glacial plants generated by Unicellular Algae show red and yellow Green, brown and other colors interweave into a colorful spectacle, which makes people feel relaxed and happy.

river system

The agricultural irrigation of Shule River Basin has a long history, which can be traced back to the Han and Tang Dynasties. After the founding of new China, the development and construction of the basin has been accelerated, and water conservancy facilities such as Changma water diversion hub, Shuangta reservoir and chijinxia reservoir have been built successively, which has effectively promoted the economic development of the basin.

Shule he, the second largest river in Gansu Province, is one of the three inland rivers in Hexi Corridor of China. It originates from shulenao between tuolainan mountain and shulenan mountain in the western part of Qilian Mountains, flows through the alpine grassland of Subei County in the northwest, passes through the gorge between Daxueshan mountain and tuolainan mountain, and passes through Changma basin. Before leaving Changma gorge, it was upstream (changmabu Yumen Town section, locally known as Changma River), with abundant water and rapid flow. The average annual flow of changmabu station is 24.8 m3 / s, and the annual runoff is 781 million m3. From Changma gorge to the flat area of the corridor is the middle reaches, which flows northward to the alluvial fan of the dam. It is named shidaogou river. The main stream basin covers an area of 41300 square kilometers, with an average annual runoff of 1.031 billion cubic meters, an altitude of 1100-2010 meters, an annual precipitation of 37.63 mm, an annual evaporation of more than 3000 mm, and an annual sunshine duration of 3033-3246 hours. The valley is 15-20 kilometers wide and 3800 meters above sea level. The rivers are scattered and tortuous. The river flows northward through Tuolai Nanshan and cuts the mountain into Shule gorge hundreds of meters deep. The mountains on both sides are high and steep. The valley is 65 kilometers long and 7 kilometers wide on average. After passing through Changma, Yumen town and yinmachang, it turns westward, receives Tashi River and Danghe River, and enters Hala Lake in the northwest of Dunhuang city. Its tail end is an intermittent river course, which disappears in the salt marshes on the eastern border of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. After receiving zhuquanshui river at the fan margin, it is divided into East and West tributaries. The East tributary part of Quanshui river is divided into South and North tributaries, named Nanshi River and Beishi River, which flows eastward into the terminal lake of Huahai basin. The West Branch is the main stream, also known as the bulongji river. The lower reaches of shuangtabao reservoir in Anxi is the lower reaches, and the water volume decreases sharply due to irrigation, evaporation and infiltration. The shulegu river passes through haranor to Lop Nur, Xinjiang. It is only 600 km long from the source to the recent terminal lake halanore. In fact, there is no surface runoff below Anxi, and only remains of the dry river. The main tributaries to the west of Changma alluvial fan are Yulin River and Danghe River, and the main tributaries to the East are youyou River and Baiyang River. The annual runoff of Shule River system is 1.830 billion cubic meters, accounting for 50-70% from June to September. The upper reaches of Qilian Mountains have abundant precipitation and glacier area of 850 square kilometers

Chinese PinYin : Shu Le Nan Shan