Jiangcheng

Wuhan

synonym

Jiangcheng (Wuhan) generally refers to Wuhan (the capital and vice provincial city of Hubei Province)

Wuhan, referred to as "Han", also known as Jiangcheng, is the capital of Hubei Province, a mega city, the only vice provincial city in six central provinces, the central city in Central China approved by the State Council, and an important industrial base, science and education base and comprehensive transportation hub in China

. By the end of 2019, the city has 13 districts, with a total area of 8569.15 square kilometers, a built-up area of 812.39 square kilometers, a permanent resident population of 11.212 million, and a GDP of 1.62 trillion yuan.

Wuhan is located in the east of Jianghan Plain and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. The Yangtze River and its largest tributary, Hanjiang River, meet in the city, forming a pattern of three towns across the river in Wuhan. Rivers crisscross the city, lakes and ports interweave, and the water area accounts for one fourth of the city's total area. As the economic and geographical center of China, Wuhan is known as the "thoroughfare of nine provinces". It is the largest inland water, land and air transportation hub in China and the shipping center in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Its high-speed rail network radiates more than half of China, and it is the only City in Central China that can directly fly to the five continents of the world.

Wuhan is the headquarters of the joint logistics support force, the core city of the Yangtze River economic belt, the strategic fulcrum of the rise of central China, and the experimental area of comprehensive innovation and reform. It is also one of the three intelligence intensive areas in China. China Optics Valley is committed to building an innovation and entrepreneurship center with global influence. According to the requirements of the national development and Reform Commission, Wuhan is speeding up the construction of a national central city supported by the four functions of national economic center, high-level science and technology innovation center, business logistics center and international exchange center.

Wuhan is a national famous historical and cultural city and an important birthplace of Chu culture. The Panlong city site in Wuhan has a history of 3500 years. Since the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Wuhan has always been an important military and commercial town in southern China. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it became the most prosperous place in Chu and one of the four places in the world. The opening of Hankou port and the Westernization Movement in the late Qing Dynasty started the modernization process of Wuhan, making it an important economic center in modern China and known as "Oriental Chicago". Wuhan is the first place of the revolution of 1911. In modern history, it has become the national political, military and Cultural Center for several times.

City Encyclopedia

scenic spot

delicious food

Culture

character

history

build

school

Historical evolution

The history of archaeological discoveries in Wuhan area can be traced back to the early and middle Neolithic period 8000-6000 years ago. The archaeological discoveries include red burnt earth with rice husk, stone axe, stone axe and harpoon from fangyingtai site in Donghu. Zhangxiwan ancient city site in Huangpi is an important remains of ancient human life 4300 years ago. Panlongcheng site is the palace of Fangguo in Shang Dynasty about 3500 years ago. During the spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, Wuhan was under the jurisdiction of the state of Chu.

The local system of Wuhan began in the Western Han Dynasty, which was the land of Shaxian County, Jiangxia county. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, queyue city and Lushan city were successively built in today's Hanyang, and Xiakou city was built in today's Sheshan, Wuchang. At that time, mu Liubiao of Jingzhou sent Huang Zu to be the prefect of Jiangxia, and set the county government in the "queyue city" in Guishan of Hanyang, which became the earliest known castle in Wuhan. In 223, Sun Quan of the eastern Wu Dynasty built Xiakou city in Sheshan, Wuchang, and built a watchtower on huanghuji, which was named huanghe tower. In the Southern Dynasties, Xiakou was expanded into Yingzhou and became the governing seat of Yingzhou.

In the Sui Dynasty, Jiangxia county and Hanyang county were set up, with Wuchang and Hanyang as their governing centers respectively. In the Tang Dynasty, Jiangxia (Wuchang) and Hanyang were promoted to the prefectures of Ezhou and mianzhou respectively, and became important commercial towns along the Yangtze River. The name of Jiangcheng also began in Sui and Tang Dynasties. Li Bai, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, once wrote here that "the jade flute blows in the Yellow Crane Tower, and the plum blossom falls in May in the river city", so Wuhan has been called the river city since ancient times. Since then, through the Song Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, they were the prefectures of all dynasties.

In Song Dynasty, Wuchang belonged to Ezhou, Hanyang and Hankou belonged to Hanyang army. Yue Fei, the anti Jin general of the Southern Song Dynasty, was stationed in Ezhou (now Wuchang) for eight years, where he launched the northern expedition. In 1281, Wuchang became the provincial government of Huguang province. This is the first time that Wuhan became the first level administrative unit (equivalent to the modern provincial level).

In the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Zhen, the sixth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, was enfeoffed as king of Chu in Wuchang. Since the diversion of the Han River from the north of Guishan to the Yangtze River in the Chenghua period and the formation of the new Hankou town in the Jiajing period, the geographical foundation of the three towns in Wuhan was established. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, Hankou, together with Beijing, Suzhou and Foshan, was known as the "four famous towns" in the world. Together with Zhuxian Town, Jingdezhen town and Foshan Town, Hankou became "the most prosperous place in the middle of Chu" and a national water and land transportation hub, enjoying the reputation of "thoroughfare of nine provinces".

In 1858, the Qing government signed the Treaty of Tianjin with Britain, and Hankou was set up as a foreign trade port. In March 1861, Hankou was officially opened as a port. In the lower reaches of laohankou Town, along the Yangtze River, five concessions were successively opened up, namely, Hankou British concession, Hankou German concession, Hankou Russian concession, Hankou French Concession and Hankou Japanese concession. These concessions were independent of the jurisdiction of the Chinese government, and within these concessions were set up management organizations quite different from China's political system, such as the Ministry of industry, the patrol house, the consular Court (court). In the 25th year of Guangxu (1899), Xiakou hall was set up to the north of the Han River, which is now Hankou. So far, Hankou, Hanyang city and Wuchang City are collectively referred to as "three towns". On October 10, 1911, the revolution of 1911 was founded in Wuchang. It was announced that the Republic of China was separated from the Qing Dynasty and the military government of the Republic of China was established. Wuhan became the center of the revolution.

In the first year of the Republic of China (1912), Jiangxia county was changed to Wuchang County, Hanyang county was abandoned, and Xiakou hall was changed to Xiakou county. In 1914, both belonged to Jianghan Road. According to Riri Shimbun on May 16, 1920, the population of Hankou was 400000, Hanyang 80000 and Wuchang 310000 at that time. In 1924, Hubei Province set up municipal preparatory office in Wuchang. In 1926, Wuchang county was changed into Wuchang City (the city hall was established in December), and Xiakou county and Hanyang county were merged into Hankou city.

On January 1, 1927, the provisional joint conference of the Central Committee of the Kuomintang announced that the national government began to work in Hankou. The three towns of Wuchang, Hankou and Hanyang are called "Wuhan" as the temporary capital of the Republic of China. On April 16, Wuhan Municipal Committee was established, Wuchang City Hall was abolished, and the administrative system of the three towns was unified for the first time. In 1929, Wuhan was divided, Wuchang and Hanyang counties were designated, and Hankou was still a special city. Hankou is a provincial city, which was changed into a special city in 1932.

On June 21, 1929, the government of Hubei Province established Wuchang Municipal Committee. In April 1931, Wuchang Municipal Committee was changed into Wuchang municipal preparatory office. On October 1, 1946, Wuchang municipal government was established. It covers an area of 66 square kilometers and has a population of 176379. The urban area extends to Renjia road in the northeast, Baishazhou in the southwest, hongshankou in the southeast and the middle line of the Yangtze River in the northwest. It has eight town offices, namely Zhongzheng, dachaojie, Binyang, Liangdao street, hulinyi, Jiyuqiao, jinbaizhou and xujiapeng. On December 1, the town office was changed into a district. In 1946, Hanyang city was under the jurisdiction of Wuchang City.

On May 16, 1949, the three towns of Wuhan were liberated. In the same year, Wuchang City, Hankou city and Hanyang county were the cities of Wuhan, which were directly under the Central People's government.

In 1950, Wuhan was led by the Central South military and political Commission, which was stationed in Hankou. In 1952, Wuhan was led by the Central South Administrative Committee and served as its resident. In 1954, Wuhan became the capital city of Hubei Province. In 1959, Xiaogan, Tongcheng, Yingshan, Puqi, Dawu (in erlangdian), Jiayu, Huangpi, Hanyang (in Caidian), Wuchang, Hanchuan, Xianning, Yingcheng, Tongshan, Yunmeng, Chongyang, Anlu and other 16 counties of the former Xiaogan district were under the leadership of Wuhan city.

In 1960, Tongcheng county was abolished and merged into Chongyang County; Jiayu county was abolished and merged into Wuchang County; Puqi county was abolished and merged into Xianning County; Yunmeng County was abolished and merged into Anlu county. It has jurisdiction over 12 counties. In 1961, 12 counties, including Xiaogan, Yingshan, Dawu, Huangpi, Hanyang, Wuchang, Hanchuan, Xianning, Yingcheng, Tongshan, Chongyang and Anlu, were assigned to Xiaogan district.

In 1979, Wuchang county (located in Zhifang town) originally in Xianning district and Hanyang county (located in Caidian town) originally in Xiaogan district were under the leadership of Wuhan city.

On August 19, 1983, the State Council approved that Huangpi County in Xiaogan Prefecture and Xinzhou County in Huanggang Prefecture should be assigned to Wuhan city.

In 1984, Hannan District of Wuhan was established; in May of the same year, Wuhan was approved by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council as a pilot city for comprehensive economic reform and a city under separate planning.

In July 1992, Wuhan was approved by the State Council as an open city; on September 12 of the same year, the Ministry of Civil Affairs approved the abolition of Hanyang county and the establishment of Caidian District of Wuhan City, with the District People's Government in Caidian town.

In 1993, Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone was approved as a national development zone by the State Council.

On 28 March 1995,

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Cheng