Jiangdu Temple

Jiangdu temple, also known as Yangsi temple, was originally located in Guilin village on the South Bank of Xintan, Zigui County. According to historical data, Jiangdu Temple existed at least in the Northern Song Dynasty. The rebuilt Jiangdu temple was built in "yinchou autumn moon in the fourth year of Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty" (there is an inscription on the purlin in the temple). In Chinese history, there is a folk tradition of offering sacrifices to the three gods of the mountains and the four water gods. The four water gods are "Jianghuai Heji". Jiangdu temple is where ancestors worship the Yangtze River. According to Luo Zhewen, a famous ancient architecture expert in China, Jiangdu temple has strong local architectural characteristics, and its architectural style and style are rare in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. It is also one of the few well preserved "Jianghuai Heji" Sidu temples in China, with profound cultural accumulation and rich cultural value of ancient architecture. The original Jiangdu temple is below the inundation line of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Since September 2001, the National Immigration Department has allocated more than 2 million yuan to entrust the State Administration of cultural relics to carry out the overall relocation and reconstruction. Until June 19 this year, the State Administration of cultural relics has organized 10 experts to check and accept the restored Jiangdu temple, and believes that the purpose of "renovating the old as before, preserving its truth" has been achieved. Jiangdu temple is a wood structure building with a quadrangle layout. There is a small courtyard in front of the hall, and a main hall, a wing room, a side room and a patio. There is a building in the wing room and a corridor bridge outside. The roof of Jiangdu temple is hard mountain style, covered with small green tiles, but the tile head is made of lime into four leaf petals, rolled grass pattern, dripping water is made of adobe, and the mountain flowers are made of Ruyi cloud pattern with Youlong as the main body, which is very powerful. The courtyard paved with bluestone gives people the impression of the busy and brilliant Jiangdu temple in the past. The hall around the patio has 3 doors and 6 leaves, up to 3 meters high, which can be disassembled to expand the "capacity" of the patio. On the second floor, you can see the clouds of history coming with the wind. The lintels and lattice of windows, where they can be carved or painted, can be carved or painted. The patterns are simple or delicate, or flowers or grass, or birds or animals, all of which are vivid.

Jiangdu Temple

Jiangdu temple, also known as Yangsi temple, was originally located in Guilin village on the South Bank of Xintan, Zigui County. According to historical data, Jiangdu Temple existed at least in the Northern Song Dynasty. The rebuilt Jiangdu temple was built in "yinchou autumn moon in the fourth year of Tongzhi reign of the Qing Dynasty" (there is an inscription on the purlin in the temple). In Chinese history, there is a folk tradition of offering sacrifices to the three gods of the mountains and the four water gods. The four water gods are "Jianghuai Heji". Jiangdu temple is where ancestors worship the Yangtze River. According to Luo Zhewen, a famous ancient architecture expert in China, Jiangdu temple has strong local architectural characteristics, and its architectural style and style are rare in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. It is also one of the few well preserved "Jianghuai Heji" Sidu temples in China, with profound cultural accumulation and rich cultural value of ancient architecture.

Protection and maintenance

Jiangdu temple, the most distinctive ancient building in the Three Gorges Reservoir area, has just been relocated and completed. It stands in Fenghuangshan scenic area of Zigui new County, and has become a unique scenic spot for tourism in the Three Gorges dam area.

The original Jiangdu temple is below the inundation line of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Since September 2001, the National Immigration Department has allocated more than 2 million yuan to entrust the State Administration of cultural relics to carry out the overall relocation and reconstruction. Until June 19 this year, the State Administration of cultural relics has organized 10 experts to check and accept the restored Jiangdu temple, and believes that the purpose of "renovating the old as before, preserving its truth" has been achieved.

Architectural features

Jiangdu temple is a wood structure building with a quadrangle layout. There is a small courtyard in front of the hall, and a main hall, a wing room, a side room and a patio. There is a building in the wing room and a corridor bridge outside. The roof of Jiangdu temple is hard mountain style, covered with small green tiles, but the tile head is made of lime into four leaf petals, rolled grass pattern, dripping water is made of adobe, and the mountain flowers are made of Ruyi cloud pattern with Youlong as the main body, which is very powerful.

The courtyard paved with bluestone gives people the impression of the busy and brilliant Jiangdu temple in the past. The hall around the patio has 3 doors and 6 leaves, up to 3 meters high, which can be disassembled to expand the "capacity" of the patio. On the second floor, you can see the clouds of history coming with the wind. The lintels and lattice of windows, where they can be carved or painted, can be carved or painted. The patterns are simple or delicate, or flowers or grass, or birds or animals, all of which are vivid.

Jiangdu temple is also very particular about the use of stone. Bluestone is generally used for column top stone, step stone, ground stone and so on, while coarse sand stone is only used for foundation and abutment masonry. The shape of the stone on the top of the column has its own characteristics, or animals or flowers, the image is lifelike. According to experts' evaluation, Jiangdu temple is a model of folk architecture with the organic integration of folk architectural technology and exquisite architectural technology. The large wood structure of the building not only absorbs the characteristics of northern official architecture, but also has the skill style of Jiangnan architecture, with high artistic level and appreciation value.

history

The original wangjiaguai primary school is located in a place with rich cultural connotation for thousands of years, because its predecessor is a part of Jiangdu temple, a famous historic site in Chengdu. The so-called "Jiangdu" is the God of the river, according to Guangya: "the God of the river is called the strange phase." "Jiang Ji" said: "the emperor also, died for the river god." No matter the strange appearance or the empress, they are all ancient myths and legends. In ancient times, the Minjiang River was the main source of the Yangtze River.

Jiangdu temple was built in the Qin Dynasty. According to the records of Jiaosi in the Han Dynasty, "the Qin Dynasty merged the whole world and established Jiangdu temple in Shu." Later, it was destroyed and built again and again from the Tang Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Cao Xuequan listed Jiangdu temple as "the victory of the South Gate" in his book "notes of places of interest in Sichuan". The building is still majestic. There are bronze statues, giant bells and other cultural relics in the temple. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, the temple was destroyed by war and rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty. During the period of the Republic of China, Nancheng primary school was set up on the original site, and later it was renamed wangjiaguai primary school. The cultural relics in the original temple, including Ming cast bronze statues, iron flower branches and iron bottles, have been moved to the people's Park for public exhibition. When I was a child, I once climbed the huge statue of the river god. Sitting like Feng lips, wide Yi, jade belt fill clothes, a pair of King spirit. On both sides, Madame Jiangdu was dressed in a phoenix jacket and a woman. In the 1960s, the statue was moved to the Provincial Museum.

According to the record of Jiangdu Temple written by Lu You, "Chengdu has Jiangdu temple since Tang Dynasty, and its south is adjacent to the river." But wangjiaguai primary school is not near the river. In fact, before the Tang Dynasty, there were two rivers in the South Gate of Chengdu: Wenjiang River (later Liujiang River and Nanhe River) and Pixiang river. From west to south, Pi River passes through Luocheng (today's old Ximen) along Tongren Road, turns to the east at the entrance of today's Xisheng street, and runs parallel with Dajiang. At that time, people in Chengdu thought that the south gate must first pass the River Bridge on the Pi River, and then the Wanli Bridge on the Liujiang River. In the late Tang Dynasty, gaopian, the festival envoy of Chengdu, built Luocheng and changed the way of Pixiang River, which formed the present pattern of Fu River. As the Pi River moved to the north and east of the city, the old river gradually stopped flowing and silted up, forming a series of lakes. Up to now, there are still Fangchi street, shangchi street, xialianchi, dungcao lake and other place names.

In the past, Jiangdu temple gate was in the West Street of the Confucian Temple (including the current provincial health cadre management college), facing the upper lotus pond. In the Song Dynasty, Wen Yanbo offered sacrifices to Jiang for blasphemy. Lu you once left a poem entitled "enjoy the cool in Jiangdu Temple": "when the rain passes through the wasteland, the smell of algae is fragrant, and the bright moon is like a water soaked Hu bed. The sky is for the hungry, begging for a cool summer this year. " There is also "Gan Jiu jueju": "half red, half white guanchi lotus, half awake, half drunk girl boat." Until the Qing Dynasty, the upper lotus pond in front of Jiangdu temple still had the same name. The lotus in the pond was burning, and the lotus leaf field was a place for scholars to gather and sing.

In the mid-1960s, when I went to wangjiaguai primary school as a substitute, most of the temple buildings were still there, with several halls and huge wooden columns. From Shangliang characters, it should be rebuilt in the sixth year of Kangxi. You can still imagine the prosperity of the past from the smoke burning and black beams of the main hall.

In 1966, the old temple building became a dangerous building, which was completely demolished, so it did not return to its original appearance. (monuments by Lei Shaoxi)

Overview of surrounding areas

Three Gorges Reservoir area

The Three Gorges Reservoir area is a relatively new geographical term in China, It includes Yichang County, Zigui County, Xingshan County, Badong County under the jurisdiction of Hubei Province, Wushan County, Wuxi County, Fengjie County, Yunyang County, Kaixian County, Wanzhou District, Zhongxian County, Fuling District, Fengdu County, Wulong County, Shizhu County, Changshou County, Yubei District, Banan District, Jiangjin District and Chongqing City, which were inundated by the construction of Three Gorges hydropower station The core urban area of Chongqing (including Yuzhong District, Shapingba District, Nan'an District, Jiulongpo District, Dadukou District and Jiangbei District). The reservoir area is located at the junction of Sichuan Basin and the plain of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, across the valley of the middle mountain area of Hubei Province and the mountain valley area of Eastern Sichuan Province, with Daba Mountain in the north and Sichuan Hubei plateau in the south.

Climatic characteristics

The reservoir area belongs to subtropical monsoon climate, with annual precipitation of 1000-1800 mm, evenly distributed. Land types are diverse, hilly and mountainous area is large, flat area is small, land structure is complex, vertical difference is obvious. Due to the specific geographical conditions, earthquakes, collapses, landslides, debris flows and other disasters also occur from time to time, resulting in serious soil and water loss, with an area of more than 14000 square kilometers.

Address: Fenghuangshan scenic spot, Zigui County, Hubei Province

Longitude: 112.314844

Latitude: 30.305725

Chinese PinYin : Jiang Du Miao