Qingzhou Zhenjiao Temple

Qingzhou Zhenjiao Temple

Islamic mosque in China. It is located in the west of the south end of Zhaode street, Yidu Town, Qingzhou City, Shandong Province. According to the inscriptions in the temple, the temple was built in 1302 by the descendants of the prime minister Boyan. Later, it was repaired and expanded many times in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.

essential information

Qingzhou Zhenjiao Temple

Address: Zhaode street, Yidu Town, Qingzhou City, Shandong Province

Postal Code: 262500

brief introduction

Qingzhou Zhenjiao temple, according to the inscriptions in the temple: Yuan Dade six years (1302) Yuan Xiang Boyan descendants built. It has always been the activity center of Islam in eastern Shandong Province. Jingzhai, the late famous imam, once taught here and translated Islamic classics. He is now the vice president of China Islamic Association. Imam Ma Songting once spoke scriptures here in 1935, and led many imams in Zibo, Linyi, Jining and other places to study scriptures here.

scale

The temple covers an area of more than 6000 square meters and a construction area of more than 1300 square meters. The courtyard has three entrances, and the main buildings are gate, instrument gate and worship hall. It is laid out on the East-West central axis and arranged symmetrically on the left and right. The gate is a single eaves Xieshan style brick and stone structure gatehouse. Its bucket arch and hanging brick are decorated with carved patterns, covering an area of 36 square meters, 8.5 meters high and more than 30 meters wide. The stone plaque above the gate is engraved with "Zhenjiao Temple", the brick inscription on the back of the gate is in Arabic "Masjid", and the screen wall is on the opposite side of the gate. Yimen is a hard mountain building with single eaves, covering an area of 45 square meters and three rooms wide. There are six vermilion doors with a height of more than 3 meters. There is a plaque hanging on the lintel, with "Catholic Orthodox Church" in the middle, "looking forward to the heaven and looking up to the saints" on the left and "the true biography of merdezhen" on the right. The couplets on both sides of the middle gate are "humanization, materialization and transformation" and "natural regeneration", and the plaque on the back is "respect one and return to the truth". There are four inscriptions on the north and South gables of the gate cave, recording the founding history of the temple, the second gate and the time of worship. The worship hall covers an area of more than 600 square meters and can accommodate thousands of worshippers. Located on a platform more than 1 meter high, it is surrounded by 36 columns. It is composed of the front hall, the middle hall and the back kiln hall, which are connected with the moon tower, and the depth of the three is increased by "linking up". The top of the hall is composed of the top of the front middle hall and the bottom of the back attic. It has ups and downs and is magnificent. The front hall and the middle hall are of the single eaves Xieshan style, and the brackets and beams are painted with red lacquer. The rear pavilion is connected with the moon tower and the central hall, and the rear pavilion highlights the "miharab". In front of the worship hall, there is a stele pavilion built in the 25th year of Qianlong (1760) of the Qing Dynasty. The front of the stele Pavilion is engraved with a hundred words of praise for the supreme saint, and the back is engraved with a text of holy admonition. Inside the two doors are the north and South lecture halls with 5 rooms on each side. There are also Jingyi hall, housing, bathroom and other buildings. The temple was once the center of Jingtang education in eastern Shandong. Wang Jingzhai and Ma Songting, the famous modern imams, once taught, lectured and wrote in the temple. The temple was fully renovated in 1986 with the support of the government.

history

Qingzhou, one of the ancient Kyushu, has always been the political, economic and cultural center of eastern Shandong. Before the Yuan Dynasty, there were people who believed in Islam. At present, there are more than 18000 Hui people, most of whom live in Chengguan. There are eight mosques in history. Besides the Zhenjiao temple in Dongguan, there are also mosques in the city. This is of great value to the study of Islamic history and cultural heritage.

Zhenjiao temple is located in Zhaode street, where Hui people gather in Dongguan, Qingzhou City. According to the inscriptions in the temple, it was established by the descendants of prime minister Boyan of the Yuan Dynasty in the sixth year of Dade of the Yuan Dynasty (A.D. 1302). It was one of the three major Islamic temples in the Yuan Dynasty, and was designated as an official Temple as early as the Yuan Dynasty. There is a "hundred word praise" tablet inscribed by Zhu Yuanzhang of Ming Dynasty in the temple, which has always been the center of Islamic activities in eastern Shandong.

The architecture of Zhenjiao temple is magnificent and exquisite. The temple covers an area of more than 6000 square meters, with a construction area of more than 1300 square meters. The seat of Zhenjiao Temple faces to the east from the west, from low to high, and ascends to the top. The main building gate, the second gate, the worship hall, and the moon tower (Xuanli tower) are arranged on a east-west axis, symmetrically arranged left and right, and three in courtyard. It has the characteristics of Chinese palace architecture, and also reflects the artistic characteristics of Arab architecture. In the courtyard, the ancient cypress is green and the gingko is towering, giving people a deep and solemn feeling.

The gate building is more than 10 meters high, with a construction area of 36 square meters. There are eight character walls on both sides and two doors. The width of the facade is more than 30 meters, which is very spectacular. It is a single eaves Xieshan masonry structure. The door opening is arched and rolled, and the exterior is completely imitated by the wood structure. Under the eaves, the bucket arch, hanging beads and hanging bricks are all brick carvings. The brick carvings of auspicious objects, such as dragons and phoenixes, on the gatehouse are all made of flower patterns. They are known as "animals are not animals, without eyes, animals from a distance, flowers from a close view". The horizontal Fang is also inlaid with brick carvings, incense burner bottles and scriptures. On the front side of the gate is the stone inscription "Zhenjiao Temple", and on the back side is the brick inscription "maisigid", which means "the place to worship God", commonly known as "the Lord's heaven".

The second gate is a hard Hill building with single eaves, three rooms wide, with a construction area of 45 square meters. The central pillar is more than 50 cm long, with six red painted gates and carved Islamic scriptures and patterns on the eaves. There are four stone tablets on the north and south walls of the gate, which record the history of the temple, the second gate and the time of worship. There are plaques on the three gates. In the center is Liu Zan, a Jinshi of bingxu in Chenghua of Ming Dynasty, with the inscription "Kaitian Zhengjiao"; on the right is miyong batuluma Jianji, the commander of the general army guarding Dengzhou and other places in Shandong Province in the Qing Dynasty, with the inscription "biography of merdezhen"; on the left is Zhao Huang, Zhang Yangxin, and Liu Hanmei, who were in charge of education in the 23rd year of Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, with the inscription "looking forward to heaven and looking up to saints". The existing two gates were rebuilt in the 20th year of Qianlong.

The main hall (or worship Hall) is the main building of the whole temple, with a construction area of more than 600 square meters, and can accommodate 700 or 800 people to worship at the same time. It is composed of three connected parts: the front hall, the middle hall and the moon tower, surrounded by 36 columns supported by stone drums. The front hall is five rooms wide, five rooms deep, and the middle hall is five rooms wide and two rooms deep. There is also "mihailab" among the masses. The whole hall is in the shape of "convex". Among the masses, "mihailab" is the word "Zhu". The moon tower is the upper horizontal of the word "Zhu", the middle hall is the middle horizontal of the word "Zhu", the front hall is the lower horizontal of the word "Zhu". The main way to worship in the hall is the vertical pen of the word "Zhu", and the plane of the whole hall is in the shape of "Zhu", which is exactly in line with the meaning that the worship hall is "the heavenly chamber of the Lord".

The moon tower is connected with the central hall, with a construction area of 173 square meters. It is the place for Muslims to watch the moon during Ramadan and climbing high. In the age of ignorance, the standard for Muslims to enter and leave fasting was to see the new moon. According to the canon, before Muslims go to the temple to worship, the preachers must climb the tower and call them to worship. The main ridge of Wangyue tower is tall, with exquisite patterns. The roof is decorated with kissing animals, wind chimes hanging from the corner, fish hanging from the crack, and the small red mountain is deep. It belongs to the architectural form of song and Yuan Dynasties.

Located in front of the main hall behind the second gate, the pavilion is three meters wide and four meters high. It carries a bucket arch and is decorated with carved bricks. The inscription on the tablet is: at the beginning of heaven and earth, Tianji annotated, preached the great sage, was born in the western regions, gave and received the scriptures of heaven, thirty volumes, popularized all living beings, yizhaojunshi, the leader of all saints, assisted in heaven's fortune, protected the people, prayed for peace at five o'clock, prayed for Allah, added to the poor, saved the suffering, made the soul clear, and escaped from sin Industry, benevolence over the world, Taoist crown ancient and modern, fall evil into one, the holy name of halal, Muhammad, to your saints.

The North-South lecture hall, also known as the North-South side hall, is located on both sides of the front of the two main halls. Each side is five rooms wide, with a construction area of 140 square meters. It is the place where the Imam lectured to hailifan in the university class.

Bath room is called water room, which is a common building in Islamic temple. Because the Koran says that "Allah is a man who loves to be clean", Islam has been called Muslim since the Ming Dynasty, which is related to cleanliness. Bathing is required before worship and religious services.

North south school, located between the gate and the second gate, on both sides of the main corridor, is a classroom for children to chant scriptures.

Jingyi hall, in the north corner gate, is a place where the villagers discuss affairs, the accountants collect the temple rent and the religious people accept any stickers.

Located in Dongguan of Qingzhou City, on the west side of the south end of Zhaode street in Dongguan where Hui people live together, there is a group of ancient architectural communities with grand scale and unique style. That is Qingzhou Zhenjiao temple, one of the three largest Islamic temples in Yuan Dynasty, with an area of more than 4000 square meters. The gate tower of Zhenjiao temple is more than 10 meters high. On the front, there are three big Chinese characters of "Zhenjiao Temple" carved in stone. On the back, there are brick carvings of "maiyuanjid" in Arabic, which means "the place to worship Allah". An inscription on the wall of the second gate of the temple clearly tells people that the temple was first built in the sixth year of Dade of the Yuan Dynasty. At that time, it was established by the descendants of Boyan, the Prime Minister of the Yuan Dynasty. It has a history of more than 680 years. In the 7th century, shortly after the founding of Islam, some Arabs came to China to do business. In the Yuan Dynasty, Kublai Khan, a Mongolian, unified the whole country. He made the middle Asians, who were called Semu people at that time, a "new army of the western regions" and stationed a large number of them in the mainland. With the influx of these new forces, Islam flourished throughout the country. Later, some military families and their descendants settled down in Qingzhou one after another to meet the needs of their lives. At this time, Qingzhou Zhenjiao temple came into being. According to the existing Zhao's genealogy and Yang's genealogy records of the local Hui people, Zhao was originally a general Boyan in the early Yuan Dynasty

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