Anxi extremely arid desert National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province

Anxi extremely arid desert National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province

Anxi extreme Desert National Nature Reserve is located in Guazhou County, Gansu Province, covering an area of 800000 hectares. It was established with the approval of Gansu Provincial People's Government in 1987 and promoted to the national level in 1992. The main protected object is the extremely arid desert ecosystem. Gansu Anxi Extreme Arid Desert National Nature Reserve is located on the ancient Silk Road. It is the intersection of temperate desert, extreme arid desert and typical desert in Central Asia. It is the junction of Qinghai Tibet Plateau and Mongolia Xinjiang desert. Its desert ecosystem is typical and representative in the whole ancient Mediterranean region, and is the only one to be protected in China The extremely arid desert ecosystem and its biodiversity are the main multi-functional comprehensive nature reserves.

Historical evolution

Anxi extremely arid desert National Nature Reserve was established in June 1987 and was promoted to the national level in 1992.

In 1993, it was accepted as one of the first members of the network by the Chinese people and nature biosphere Commission.

In 1994, it was identified as an important protection point of desert ecosystem with international significance in the "China Biodiversity Protection Action Plan".

geographical environment

position

Anxi extremely arid desert National Nature Reserve is located in Guazhou County, Gansu Province, which is divided into North and south. The southern part is in the south of Guazhou County, adjacent to Yumen City and Subei Mongolian Autonomous County. With a total area of 800000 hectares, the nature reserve is the 10th largest nature reserve in China.

Geology and geomorphology

The south of Anxi extremely arid desert National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province is located in the south of Guazhou county. The main body of the area is corridor plain. The outlet of Shule River forms a large delta. The terrain is flat. It is a groundwater overflow zone and swamps are widely distributed. Due to the control of regional structure, the region presents regular zonation from south to north, becoming the center zone of sharp top gentle slope; the low mountain and hilly zone of dome gentle slope; the middle inclined old alluvial fan zone; the gently inclined new alluvial fan zone; the oasis plain zone and the wind erosion Yadan landform zone. The general topographical features of the northern part of the reserve are high in the north and south, low in the middle, and the altitude is above 1800 meters. The highest peak, Hongshishan, is 2334 meters above sea level. There are three geomorphic units in the east mountain of XINGXINGXIA and the west part of Hongshi, i.e. low mountain and hill, denudation peneplain, low mountain and hill and piedmont alluvial plain.

climate

Anxi extremely arid desert National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province has a typical continental climate. The average annual precipitation in the southern part of the reserve is 58.2mm-75.3mm, and the average annual evaporation is 2758.5mm, which is close to 50 times of the precipitation. The annual average temperature is 7.6 ℃ - 8.2 ℃, the average temperature of the hottest month in July is 22.4 ℃ - 25.0 ℃, and the coldest month in January is - 11.0-11.6 ℃. The annual average humidity is 38.4%. The sunshine hours ranged from 2940.4h to 3171.9h. The southern Qilian Mountains have higher terrain and slightly humid climate. According to the observation records of Liuyuan meteorological station, the average annual precipitation is 40mm-70mm, and the annual evaporation is 3100mm-3500mm, which is 80-50 times of the precipitation. The annual average temperature is 6.6 ℃, the average temperature in the hottest month is 20.7 ℃, and the coldest month is - 12.8 ℃. The average sunshine hours were 3069.5h. The precipitation of the two places is mainly concentrated in summer, accounting for 70.0% of the annual precipitation, which reflects the basic characteristics of the temperate arid region of Asia. Wind is a characteristic climate phenomenon in nature reserves, with an average annual wind speed of 3.7 m / s. The maximum wind speed is 4.2m/s-4.5m/s from March to may in spring. The average wind speed of other months is 3.1m/s-3.8m/s.

soil

Soil is the natural body of geological history. In the long history of earth evolution, it is developed and evolved through the comprehensive effects of geology, topography, parent material, climate, vegetation, hydrology, human activities and other factors. The natural geographical environment of the nature reserve is complex, so the soil types are complex, which can be divided into eight types: brown desert soil, gray brown desert soil, saline soil, meadow soil, swamp soil, aeolian sand soil, irrigated silt soil and fluvo aquic soil, and the other 30 sub types.

Brown desert soil is a kind of zonal soil developed in warm temperate arid climate. The soil forming process is very similar to that of gray brown desert soil, but the climate condition is more severe. It is mainly distributed in the west of Shuangta reservoir, south of Liuyuan and north of nanjieshan.

hydrology

Shule River and Yulin River are the main rivers in Anxi extremely arid desert National Nature Reserve of Gansu Province, which originate from Qilian Mountain. Shule River flows through the southern part of the area, with a flow of 50.75km, annual runoff of 250 million cubic meters, effective reservoir capacity of 115 million cubic meters and irrigation area of 12000 hectares. Yulin River flows into Tashi basin from the southwest of the area, with a flow of 36.25km and an annual runoff of 5500 cubic meters. Yulin River reservoir is built in the middle reaches of the area, with a irrigated land area of 2400 hectares. There are also 54 ponds and dams collecting spring water and surface water, with a storage capacity of 8500 cubic meters, which can be used for irrigation and drinking water for human and livestock. There are abundant groundwater resources in the area. In the low-lying flat area in the south, groundwater overflows and swamps are widely distributed, mainly concentrated in Sandaogou, Shuangta, bulongji and Suoyang city.

Protection target

Protected objects

The main protected objects of Anxi extremely arid desert National Nature Reserve are extremely arid desert ecosystem.

Animal resources

There are 8 species of Mongolian wild donkey, snow leopard, North goat, Golden Eagle, Hu vulture, little bustard, black stork and Prussian wild horse in Anxi Extreme Arid Desert National Nature Reserve, and 20 species of grassland spotted cat, lynx, goose larynx, rock sheep, argali, swan, dark bellied snow chicken and sparrow in Anxi Extreme Arid Desert National Nature Reserve. There are 42 species of birds listed in the Sino Japanese agreement on the protection of migratory birds and their habitats, accounting for 38.30% of the bird species in Anxi; 62 species of important economic animals are naked carp, crucian carp, fox, Central Asian rabbit, hairy legged sand pheasant, red mallard, white bone top, alpine snow pheasant, gazelle, stone pheasant, rock sheep, accounting for 39.50% of the animal population in the reserve.

plant resources

Gansu Anxi extremely arid desert National Nature Reserve has 22 species of endemic plants in Central Asia.

There are 158 species, 26 orders and 55 families of vertebrates dominated by mountain, gravel, Gobi, desert, meadow and other animal groups. There are 27 species listed in the national key wildlife list, accounting for 15.92% of the protected species. There are 14 species listed in the International Convention on trade in endangered species of animals and plants, accounting for 72.00% of the vertebrate species in Guazhou county.

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Development and utilization

scientific research

Gansu Anxi extremely arid desert National Nature Reserve has established good cooperation and exchange relations with Institute of zoology of Russian Academy of Sciences, School of life sciences of Wuhan University, School of life sciences of Lanzhou University, member reserve of human and biosphere network, Lop Nur of Xinjiang, Shapotou of Ningxia, Qilian Mountain of Gansu and other national nature reserves. 21 experts and scholars, including academician Ren Jizhou of Chinese Academy of engineering, Professor Chen Changdu of Peking University, Professor Wang Zongwei of Beijing biodiversity center, and Professor Liu Fa of Lanzhou University, have been invited to become senior consultants of the reserve. Now the reserve has become the main teaching and research practice base of scientific research institutes.

In terms of resource investigation, experts and professors from the school of life sciences of Lanzhou University were invited to guide and help, completed the first phase of resource background investigation and the second phase of comprehensive scientific investigation, and published the special collection of Gansu Anxi extremely arid desert National Nature Reserve and the special album of Gansu Anxi National Nature Reserve second phase of resource scientific investigation There are 12 species of new distribution plants in Northwest China, such as Valeriana officinalis, Peganum multisectum, Rehmannia glutinosa, yellow tassel chrysanthemum, Cupressus orientalis, Ranunculus longipectus, equisetifolia, Astragalus membranaceus, Erigeron pubescens, Astragalus longipectus and Saussurea Yabuli. The data show that the animal population in the nature reserve has been greatly improved. In terms of scientific research monitoring, we have successively completed large-scale scientific research projects, such as Gobi grassland restoration and management experiment, grassland enclosure in the nature reserve, ecological restoration and management in the protection section of the west to east gas transmission project. Meanwhile, we have determined resource monitoring points, formulated monitoring roadmap, actively implemented medium and long-term resource monitoring in the nature reserve and national key project benefit monitoring, relying on the State Environmental Protection Administration and Gansu Environmental Protection Bureau In 1997, he began to undertake and implement the national key scientific research project -- domestication and breeding of przewalskii wild horse back to nature. The first batch of wild horses have fully adapted to the living environment in the wild, which laid the foundation for the final return of wild horses to nature.

Tourism information

In Anxi extremely arid desert National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province, there are Yulin grottoes, which are as famous as Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, and Suoyang City, which is the most complete ancient city site preserved in China so far. In addition, there is a relatively complete water conservancy and drainage irrigation network system in Han and Tang Dynasties. Ancient Silk Road, ancient castle, ancient Great Wall pass, beacon, ancient Zebo site, rabbit gourd Neolithic site, Xixia murals in dongqianfo cave, qingshixia rock paintings, Han and Tang tombs in Heishui River and many other historic sites constitute the unique cultural landscape of Anxi nature reserve. Due to the difference of topography, the change of groundwater level and the influence of Shule River and Yulin River, the change of groundwater level is very important

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